MIT Guide to picking locks opening

Chapter 9 - Recognizing and using the features of the castle

Locks have a wide range of mechanical features and defects that contribute to both opening and complicate it. If the lock does not respond to carding, he probably has one of the features that are discussed in this chapter. To open the lock, it is necessary to identify this feature and use the recommended method. The exercises will help you develop the mechanical sensitivity and dexterity necessary for detection and use of a variety of features.

Chapter 9.1 In which way to turn

It is very discouraging when for a long time you are trying to pick the lock and suddenly find that you rotate the cylinder in the wrong direction. When you turn the cylinder in the wrong direction, it rotates until until either the stall, scrolls or 180 degrees, and then the guide pins are part of the key hole (see. 9.11 ). In Section 9.11 also explains how to turn the cylinder more than 180 degrees, if it is necessary to push the bolt fully. When the cylinder is rotated in the right direction, you should feel further resistance when the cam cylinder interacts with a spring bolt.

Choosing the correct direction of rotation of the cylinder does not depend on the castle, and from zasovnogo mechanism. and here are a few general rules. Cheap padlocks are opened when the cylinder is rotated in any direction, so you can choose the direction of the most convenient lever. All hinged Master manufactured locks can be opened by turning their cylinders in any direction. Padlocks of Yale opened only when the cylinder rotates clockwise. Two-cylinder locks of Yale usually open by turning the bottom of the key slot (t. E. The flat edge of the key) in the opposite direction to the nearest doorway. The same rule applies to the single-cylinder locks. See. Fig. 9.1 . Locks attach to the doorknob usually open clockwise. Locks of desks and file cabinets also tend to open clockwise.

When you come across a new type of lock mechanism, try to turn the cylinder in both directions. In the right direction stall cylinder pins, so it will be a feeling that the cylinder is locked with something soft. In the wrong direction, the cylinder will stall the metal eyelet, there is a feeling of locking something solid.


Направление вращения цилиндра
Fig. 9.1. The direction of rotation of the cylinder.



Chapter 9.2 How far are turning

The question of how far to turn the cylinder occurs immediately after the issue of the direction in which it rotated. For opening locks of desks and file cabinets usually requires less than a quarter (90 degrees) of the total turnover. When you open the lock from the desk, try to avoid it clicks into the cylinder in the open position. Locks attach to doorknobs also tend to open with less than a quarter of a complete revolution of the cylinder. Locks are not fastened to the door handle, cylinder obchno require a half-turn. To open transom arrangements sometimes require almost a complete revolution of the cylinder.

Rotate the cylinder more than 180 degrees trudnoosuschestvim because Guides are included in the lower part of the key slot. See. Section 9.11 .

Chapter 9.3 The gravitational force

Opening the lock with the springs at the top is different from opening the lock with the springs at the bottom. And the reason for this is obvious. A convenient feature of the lock with the springs at the bottom is that gravity holds the key pins immediately after pushing. When set pins can not ignore, much easier to find and treat the remaining neprotolknutye pins. It is also easier to check a light elasticity correctly set pins. When the springs are located at the top, then after the guide pins will be pushed to the rotation line, the key pins will fall due to gravity. In this case, the pin is an indicator to push the key pin, which is not easily raised and springy. Push pins and Torokhtii when you spend picking on them because they are not putting pressure guide pins.

Chapter 9.4 The pins are not pushed

If you comb the lock and pins are not pushed even at different torque values, which you attach to the cylinder, which means that some pin pulled across properly and does not force the way the rest of the pins. Take the castle, which pins are pushed from the back down to the front. If the most rear pin pulled across incorrectly (high or low) (see. Fig. 9.2 ), the cylinder rotation is not sufficient to other pins included in the contact with the walls of pinholes. Recognize wrong to push the rear pin is difficult, because the elasticity of the front pins makes it difficult to feel, how to push the pin a little subjects. The main feature of this situation is pushing the rest of the pins only when you attach a very large cylinder torque.

If you were in this situation, release the torque and start over, focusing on the rear pins. Try small and moderate pressure picking, or high torque and a lot of pressure pick. Try to feel the click that is heard when the pin reaches the sheer line and the cylinder is rotated slightly. If you are using rigid lever, click to feel easier.

Chapter 9.5 Elastic deformation

With the opening of locks procedures are carried out over distances measured in thousandths of a centimeter. Within these distances metals behave as springs. Insignificant enough force to compress, and at the termination of the impact strength metal, like a spring, it returns to its original position.

The deformation can be used if you want to make sure that several pins made contact with the walls of pinholes. For example, the opening of the lock, the pins that are pushed from the front to the back, is slow, because at one time pushed only one pin. This is all the more true. If you apply pressure only when removing the master key from the lock. Each passage of the master key is pushed most front pin, which is in contact with the wall of the hole. It takes a lot of passages to push all the pins. If the order of preference in pushing pins are not too strict (ie the axis of the holes in the cylinder slightly coincides with the axial line of the cylinder), you can, giving an additional cylinder torque, push a few pins at a time. Basically, torque has an impact on the cylinder that its front portion is deformed in a somewhat greater extent than the rear section. By imparting a slight torque cylinder its rear part remains in the initial position, but with a significant rotational torque front pin-pairs deform sufficiently to the rear part of the cylinder can rotate and thus the rear pins came into contact with the walls of pinholes. When giving an additional cylinder torque of the impact of the pick could be enough to push the number of pins, and the lock is opened quickly. If excessive rotational torque is already having trouble.

When giving a large cylinder torque front pins and pin holes can be deformed to such an extent that makes it impossible to correct push pins. In particular, the first pin is normally pushed too low. In Fig. 9.2 shows how excess torque can deform the lower part of the guide pin, and the key pin is not able to reach the line of rotation. If the first pin can not be, you have got into this situation. Correctly set pins springy if they are pressed lightly. Incorrectly set pins are not springs. Out of this situation - much press on the first pin. Maybe you will need slightly loosen the torque, but if you loosen it too much, while a sharp decline in the pressure exerted on the first pin already set pins to return to their original position and have to push again.

It is also possible deformirmatsiya the top of the key pin. Key pin is clamped between the cylinder and the housing and fixed. In this case we say that the pin is pulled across too high.

Chapter 9.6 of the cylinder Backlash

The cylinder is held in the housing due to the fact that it is wider in the front opening and the rear cam is that larger openings. If the cam is not installed correctly, the cylinder may move slightly along its axis. Under the influence of the master key, the outward, the cylinder moves forward, and if the impact of the master key you apply pressure inside the cylinder will move back.

cylinder backlash problem is that after pushing the guide pins come into contact with the rear surface of the wall of the pin hole, and not with side surfaces. By clicking on the cylinder inside the guide pins fall. This defect can be advantageous to use, if you use a master key pressure only when it will either enter or leave the cylinder. Also, to prevent forward movement of the cylinder it is possible to keep a finger or arm.


Неправильное проталкивание направляющего штифта, вызванное эластической деформацией
Fig. 9.2. Improper pushing guide pin caused elastic deformation.


Chapter 9.7 of the pin diameter

When the pins in a pair have different diameters, the reaction of the pair on the master key pressure will be unusual.

The upper part of Fig. 9.3 shows a pin pair, in which the guide pin diameter greater than the core pin. When lifting pins counteract the pressure of the master key and the friction force of the spring. As soon as the guide passes the rotation line, the cylinder rotates (until some other pin will not enter sporikosnovenie from the walls of the pin holes), and the only resistance to motion is the spring force. If the key pin is small enough and the cylinder is rotated slightly, the key pin can enter the body, not in contact with any part of it. Another pin is in contact with the wall of the hole, and again the only resistance to motion is the spring force. This relation is shown at the bottom of Fig. Typically, the pins all right at first, but then in the castle of a click pin and spring begins. The narrow key pin can be pushed completely into the body, and it does not lose its elasticity, but when you stop to weigh master key, the key pin will fall in the initial position, and a large hold out the guide pin on the edge of the cylinder bore.

The problem with a large guide pin is that the key pin tends to get stuck in the body, while some other protalkiaetsya pin. Imagine that a neighboring pin is pushed, and the rotation of the cylinder is sufficient to narrow key pin into contact with the wall of the hole. If the master key pressed on the narrow key pin at the same time with a pin that is pushed, then the narrow key pin will remain in the body and gets stuck during the rotation of the cylinder.

The reader is invited to find out what prishodit, if the diameter of the key pin larger than the diameter of the guide.

Chapter 9.8 Counterbored holes and rounded pins

Some manufacturers of locks (eg, Yale), countersinks edge of the cylinder holes and / or round off the ends of the key pins. Due to this locking undergoes less wear. Also, it can both facilitate and hinder its opening pick. A sign of the castle with such characteristics is that the set pins much subjects. See. Fig. 9.4 . That is, the distance between the height at which the guide pin clings to the edge of the cylinder bore and the height at which the key pin hitting the hull, longer (sometimes up to one-sixteenth of an inch) when the cylinder bore otzenkovany or pins are rounded. When key pin is moving between the two heights. only resistance to motion is the spring force. There will be no wall friction. This corresponds to a drop in power to Fig. 5.5 .

To open the locking apertures otzenkovannymi cylinder requires more thorough combing than neotzenkovannymi lock hole because the guide pins are pushed and set at a slant, rather than on the cylinder surface. The cylinder does not rotate when one of the guide pins is mounted on a slant. To remove the guide pin with the bevel and install it on a cylinder surface, you need to re-exposure to the key pin. In Fig. 9.5 and pulled across the left guide pin. The guide is installed on the bevel, and the bottom plate is shifted sufficiently to the right guide pin touched the wall of the hole. Fig. 9.6 b shows what happens after pushing the right guide pin. The lower plate is further displaced to the right and left guide pin is clamped between the bevel and the top plate. It is installed on a slant. To unlock, push the left guide pin on the surface of the cylinder. As soon as the guide pulled across, the bottom plate can be displaced, and the right guide pin set to bevel.

If you attempt to open the locking cylinder otzenkovannymi holes and you think that all the push pins, and the lock still does not open, you need to loosen the angular momentum and continue combing pins. Weakened torque facilitate the displacement of the pins with bevel. If the reduction of the torque pins proolknutye fall, try increasing the torque and pressure of the master key. With increasing efforts to take care not to push the body are some key pins.


Направляющий штифт шире ключевого штифта
Fig. 9.3. The guide pin wider than key pin.



Зенкованные отверстия цилиндра и закругленные штифты
Fig. 9.4. Countersink holes and rounded cylinder pins.


Chapter 9.9 Mushroom guide pins

Usually, in order to hinder the opening of locks, their manufacturers modify the guide pin. The most used types: mushroom, katushkovidny, Palmetto, see. Fig. 9.7 . These shapes are designed to ensure that the pins can not be high enough to push. These guides can not be applied the so-called vibration opening (see. Section 9.12 ), but they are only slightly complicate opening carding method and the method of "one-finger-per-time" (see para. Ch. 4 ).


Взлом замков
Fig. 9.5 (a).



Взлом замков
Fig. 9.6 (b).


When you open a master key lock cylinder is not rotated after a few degrees and none of the pins does not go on, this is a sign that the guides in the castle are figured. Typically, the rotation is stopped by the edge of the guide line. See the. Lower part of Fig. 9.7 . Mushroom and katushkovidnye guides are often found in the locks production Russwin, and in the castles, containing more intermediate pins for the master key.

You can find out in what position are mushroom-shaped guides, giving a small cylinder torque and clicking on each pin. The pins with mushroom guides will tend to return the cylinder back into the fully locked position. Press the key pin, you press the flat surface of the key pin on the inclined bottom surface of the mushroom guide. This causes the guide pin to straighten up, which in turn releases the cylinder. This procedure can be used to identify pairs with mushroom guide. Push these pins until they reach the line of rotation; even if you are in the process miss out on some of the other pins, push them again it will be easier than the pins with mushroom guide. Eventually all the pins will be right to push the rotation of the line.

Another way to know in what position are mushroom guide - the flat surface of the master key to push all the pins up to about half of their path. Bolshinsto guide should stand in the locking position, and you can feel them.

To open the master key lock with curly guide, use a lower torque and greater pressure. A common mistake is too far pushing the key pins into the body. By the way, another way to open these locks - the flat surface of the master key and push the pins completely, giving the cylinder a very large torque, keep them there. Carding providing vibration on key pins, while at the same time slowly loosen torque. The weakening of the torque reduces the friction of the pins on the wall of the hole. Under the influence of vibration and spring resistance to the key pins are installed below the sheer line.

The main thing in the showdown with the curly locks guides - able to identify correctly set pins. Mushroom guide mounted on its edge, does not have the right elasticity to push the guide. Practice recognizing the difference.

Chapter 9.10 Master Keys

There are keys that open only a single lock and keys that open a series of locks. Ключи от многих замков называются мастер-ключами. Чтобы замок мог открываться как обычным ключом, так и мастер-ключом, к некоторым штифтовым парам добавляется дополнительный штифт, который называется промежуточным штифтом. См. рис. 9.8 . Промежуточный штифт создает два зазора в штифтовой паре, которые можно выровнять по линии вращения. Обычно простой ключ выравнивает верх промежуточного штифта с линией вращения, а мастер-ключ выравнивает с линией вращения его низ (это делается для того, чтобы нельзя было изготовить дубликат мастер-ключа по обычному ключу). В обоих случаях цилиндр свободно вращается.

Обычно замок с промежуточными штифтами легче открывается отмычкой. Они увеличивают количество возможностей для проталкивания каждого штифта, и благодаря им более вероятно открыть замок, пролкнув все штифты на приблизительно одинаковую высоту. В большинстве случаев в замке имеются только два или три промежуточных штифта. О наличие промежуточного штифта свидетельствуют два щелчка, которые Вы чувствуете, когда нажимаете на ключевой штифт. Если диаметр промежуточного штифта меньше, чем у направляющего и ключевого штифта, на значительном отрезке его пути Вы будете чувствовать упругость, так как промежуточный штифт при прохождении линии вращения не будет касаться стенки. Чаще промежуточный штифт крупнее направляющего штифта. Это можно распознать с помощью увеличения трения, когда промежуточный штифт проходит линию вращения. Поскольку промежуточный штифт крупнее направляющего, от также лучше зацепится за цилиндр. Если Вы будете проталкивать промежуточный штифт далее в корпус, Вы почувствуете сильный щелчок, после того как нижняяя часть промежуточного штифта пройдет линию вращения.

Промежуточные штифты могут вызвать серьезные проблемы. Если Вы придадите цилиндру большой вращательный момент, а отверстия цилиндра отзенкованы, промежуточный штифт может деформироваться и застрять на линии вращения. Промежуточный штифт также может выпасть в ключевой паз, если Вы повернете цилиндр на 180 градусов. Чтобы разрешить эту проблему, см. раздел 9.11 .


Грибовидные, катушковидные и пильчатые направляющие штифты
Рис. 9.7 . Грибовидные, катушковидные и пильчатые направляющие штифты



Промежуточные штифты для мастер-ключей
Рис. 9.8 . Промежуточные штифты для мастер-ключей


Глава 9.11 Направляющий или промежуточный штифт входит в ключевой паз

На рис. 9.9 показано, как промежуточный или направляющий штифт может войти в ключевой паз, если цилиндр поворачивается на 180 градусов. Это можно предотвратить, поместив плоскую сторону отмычки в нижнюю часть ключевого паза до того как значительно поворачивать цилиндр. Если промежуточный или направляющий штифт все же входит в ключевой паз и не дает Вам повернуть цилиндр, плоской поверхностью отмычки вдавите промежуточный штифт обратно в корпус. Вам может потребоваться применить рычаг, чтобы ослабить любую силу, которая заставляет промежуточный или направляющий штифт тереться о стенку отверстия. Если это не срабатывает, попробуйте пройтись по направляющим штифтам заостренной стороной отмычки. Если промежуточный штифт полностью выпадает в ключевой паз, остается единственное - удалить его. Для этого подойдет изогнутый в форме крючка кусочек пружинной стали, также подойдет согнутая скрепка для бумаг, но только в том случае, если промежуточный штифт не заклинило.


Промежуточный или направляющий штифты могут оказаться в ключевом пазе
Рис. 9.9 . Промежуточный или направляющий штифты могут оказаться в ключевом пазе



Глава 9.12 Вскрытие вибрацией

Метод вскрытия вибрацией заключается в создании большого зазора между ключевым и направляющим штифтами. Основной принцип знаком всем, кто когда-либо играл в биллиард. Когда киевой шар ударяет по другому шару прямо, киевой шар останавливается, а шар, по которому он ударил, начинает двигаться с той же скоростью и в том же направлении, что и киевой шар в момент удара. Теперь представьте себе устройство, которое ударяет по кончикам ключевых штифтов. Ключевые штифты передают импульс направляющим штифтам, которые "влетают" в корпус. Если Вы при этом придаете цилиндру небольшой вращательный момент, то, когда все направляющие штифты будут находиться над линией вращения, его можно будет повернуть.

Глава 9.13 Блокирующие диски

В недорогих замках на ящиках письменных столов вместо штифтов используются металлические диски. Рис. 9.10 показывает принцип работы таких замков. Форма этих дисков одинакова, различаются они только расположением прямоугольного выреза. Эти замки легко вскрыть, применяя правильные инструменты. Так как диски расположены близко друг к другу, полукруглая отмычка подойдет лучше, чем полуромбовидная (см. рис. А.1). Может быть, Вам понадобится еще рычаг с более узкой головкой. Вращательные моменты, придаваемые цилиндру, должны быть от умеренного к крупному.


Устройство замка с блокирующими дисками
Рис. 9.10 . Устройство замка с блокирующими дисками