Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

2.1.3. Fundamentalnі fun- unіfіkovanih mіzhnarodnih rules tovarnoї torgіvlі

Basics unіfіkovanih mіzhnarodnih rules torgіvlі goods Je three fundamental principles:

  1. nediskrimіnatsії;
  2. vzaєmnostі abo ekvіvalentnostі;
  3. Access to market analysis.

2.1.3.1. nediskrimіnatsії principle

Principi nediskrimіnatsії factuality formuєtsya EYAD status: mode naybіlshogo spriyannya (PHC) is the natsіonalnim regime.

Sutnіst regime naybіlshogo spriyannya vikladena Stattі in the I of the GATT "Zagalny mode naybіlshogo spriyannya". [1. s.438-439] Skorocheno RNS oznachaє scho-yak whether perevaga, spriyannya, privіley chi іmunіtet, SSMSC nadayutsya odnіy kraїnі povinnі Buti negayno i bezumovno nadanі vsіm members of the COT. A slit tochnіshe mozhna skazati scho bіlsh spriyatlivі minds nadanі product pevnoї Kraina (Square od of Je Krajina member COT chi ni) povinnі nadavatis podіbnim products vsіh chlenіv COT. Moreover, the provisions of tse stosuєtsya іmportu yak, so i eksportu transit trading operatsіy. A podіbnimi vvazhayutsya Flea SSMSC Je іdentichnimi, abo Duzhe similar for the basic characteristics of the goods, Money Does Nada RNS. Vazhlivo zaznachiti scho mode naybіlshogo spriyannya poshiryuєtsya not tіlki on mita i mitnі Zborov at eksportі that іmportі and th at: mіzhnarodnі platezhі for іmport abo eksport; Metodi styagnennya mit, Mitnija zborіv that platezhіv; vnutrіshnі podatki that Zborov vіdnosno іmportovanih tovarіv; mitnі procedure (rule i formalnostі schodo protsesіv іmportu that eksportu tovarіv); Laws, rules, regulations, scho minds regulyuyut realіzatsії іmportnih tovarіv on vnutrіshnomu market analysis; a wide range of non-tariff zahodіv regulyuvannya.

Vimogi dotrimannya principle nediskrimіnatsії (RNS) mіstyatsya not tіlki Stattі in the I of the GATT. Pong stosuyutsya takozh such aspektіv regulyuvannya zovnіshnoї torgіvlі yak:

  1. vnutrіshnє kіlkіsne regulyuvannya schodo zmіshuvannya, pererobki chi vikoristannya tovarіv in Pevnyi kіlkostyah chi proportsіyah - statte III "Natsіonalny mode schodo vnutrіshnogo opodatkuvannya that regulyuvannya" (p.7) [1. s.442]
  2. rozpodіl demonstratsіynih quotas kіnematografіchnі fіlmi mіzh Jerel postachannya - statte IV "Spetsіalnі PROVISIONS schodo kіnematografіchnih fіlmіv" (p.8) [1. s.443]
  3. tovarіv transit through teritorіyu hand - statte V "Freedom of Transit" (claim 5, 6) [1. s.444]
  4. mode schodo vimog markuvannya - statte IX "Poznachki about pohodzhennya" (p.1) [1. s.448]
  5. zastosuvannya kіlkіsnih obmezhen - statte XIII "Nediskrimіnatsіyne zastosuvannya kіlkіsnih obmezhen" (p.1) [1. s.454]
  6. Reigning dіyalnіst torgovelnih of companies - statte the XVII "Derzhavnі torgovelnі pіdpriєmstva" (p.1) [1. s.459]
  7. Uriadovy spriyannya ekonomіchnomu rozvitku (zastosuvannya zahisnih chi іnshih zahodіv; nadannya tariff Zahist, neobhіdnogo for zasnuvannya pevnoї the Branch promislovostі; zastosuvannya kіlkіsnih obmezhen s metoyu zberezhennya rіvnovagi platіzhnogo balance; nadannya uryadovoї Relief, neobhіdnoї for spriyannya Formation Pevnyi Galuzo promislovostі) - statte XVIII "Uriadovy spriyannya ekonomіchnomu rozvitku "(claim 20) [1. s.465]
  8. zastosuvannya zagalnih vinyatkіv s GATT (at sposіb, yaky bi themselves are zasіb svavіlnoї chi nevipravdanoї diskrimіnatsії mіzh kraїnami, prihovanogo obmezhennya mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі) - statte XX "General vinyatki" [1. s.467-468]

So rank, zobov'yazannya, SSMSC take on itself Kraina vіdnosno zabezpechennya RNS poshiryuyutsya bezumovno on vsіh chlenіv COT i zastosovuyutsya vіdnosno metodіv tariff yak, so i non-tariff regulyuvannya mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі.

Zmіst natsіonalnogo regime rozkrivaє statte III of GATT "Natsіonalny mode schodo vnutrіshnogo opodatkuvannya that regulyuvannya". [1 s.441-443]

Yakscho mode naybіlshogo spriyannya zaboronyaє diskrimіnatsіyu zarubіzhnih kraїn Sered, the natsіonalny mode zaboronyaє diskrimіnatsіyu mіzh zarubіzhnimi i natsіonalnimi vnutrіshnomu goods on market analysis. Іnakshe Saying to, goods, іmportovanim on teritorіyu Kraina for vsіma vstanovlenimi Mitnija procedures i rules, guilty nadavatisya mode Mensch spriyatlivy, nіzh mode, yaky nadaєtsya analogіchny goods natsіonalnogo pohodzhennya, schodo vsіh zakonіv, rules that vimog, SSMSC stosuyutsya vnutrіshnogo sale Offers to sell , kupіvlі, transportuvannya, rozpodіlu chi vikoristannya tovarіv.

When tsomu vazhlivo zaznachiti scho "not Mensch spriyatlivy mode" is not zavzhdi oznachaє іdentichny, yak i natsіonalny mode vіdnoshennyu to іmportovanih tovarіv (zarubіzhnih eksporterіv) zovsіm not garantuє duzhe spriyatlivih minds - natsіonalnі rehearse іnshih kraїn shaping can Buti bіlsh spriyatlivimi. Zobov'yazannya third-party lands polyagaє deprivation in the fact scho mode vіdnosno tovarіv natsіonalnogo yak, so i zarubіzhnogo pohodzhennya guilty Buti dіysno ekvіvalentnim.

Vazhlivim for organіzatsії mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі Elements natsіonalnogo regime Je rules vnutrіshnogo kіlkіsnogo regulyuvannya schodo zmіshuvannya, pererobki chi vikoristannya tovarіv in Pevnyi kіlkostyah proportsіyah chi ( "zmіshuvannya Rules").

Statte III "Natsіonalny mode schodo vnutrіshnogo opodatkuvannya that regulyuvannya" (p.5) viznachaє scho schodo natsіonalny mode so the title of "rules zmіshuvannya" peredbachaє scho Kraina not mozhut "vstanovlyuvati chi zastosovuvati whether SSMSC regulations vnutrіshnogo kіlkіsnogo regulyuvannya schodo zmіshuvannya, pererobki chi vikoristannya tovarіv in Pevnyi kіlkostyah chi proportsіyah, SSMSC vimagayut directly oposeredkovano chi scho-yak whether Pevnyi Quantity abo chastka whether yakogo product blame postachatisya іz vіtchiznyanih Jerel ". When tsomu rule vnutrіshnogo kіlkіsnogo regulyuvannya schodo zmіshuvannya, pererobki that vikoristannya tovarіv in Pevnyi kіlkostyah chi proportsіyah "not guilty zastosovuvatisya such rank, dwellers whether yak taka Quantity chi chastka rozpodіlyalisya mіzh zovnіshnіmi Jerel postachannya". [1, s.442]

Oznachaє Tse, scho at virobnitstvі Pevnyi product not guilty vstanovlyuvatis nіyakih spetsіalnih vimog schodo chastki warehouses natsіonalnogo pohodzhennya in tsomu tovarі that / abo chastki warehouses, scho nadhodyat od іnozemnogo postachalnika. Especially Tse stosuєtsya vipadkіv, if such vstanovlennya vimog pov'yazuєtsya s nadannyam podatkovih that іnshih pіlg specific natsіonalnim abo іnozemnim virobnikam (abo postachalnikam) tovarіv scho Veda right to access to the minds deformatsії rinok i natsіonalnogo torn down mode.