home Economy books Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

4.1.6. PERSPECTIVE garmonіzatsії rules іnvestuvannya in minds globalіzatsії

In the 1990s Rokach sformuvalis minds for zrostannya torgіvlі, іnvestitsіy i virobnitstva to a global scale. Skorochennya torgіvelnih bar'єrіv (yak poslіdovnih raundіv result GATT), yards i bagatostoronnі іnvestitsіynі lands zabezpechuyut TNK spromozhnіst rozpodіliti virobnichy processes optimally rozmіschuyuchi virobnichі odinitsі there їh de minds to robots Je naybіlsh efektivnosti.

According sutі vіdbuvaєtsya is global reorganіzatsіya bіznesu. In seredinі 1980 rokіv spochatku in dekіlkoh naybіlsh Activity TNK and potіm i have Shirshov їh Cola sformuvalis globalnі strategії, if odnochasno vrahovuyutsya takі povedіnki rules mіzhnarodnih Rink: Mother zagalnosvіtove Buchan rinkіv i konkurentsії; good nobility svoїh konkurentіv in olіgopolіstichnіy rinkovіy strukturі; kontrolyuvati svoї operatsії Yakscho not have zagalnosvіtovomu masshtabі then prinaymnі in trіadі "US - ЄS - Yaponіya"; operuvati in visokotehnologіchnih Promyslova Galuzo; koordinuvati his dіyalnіst for Relief gnuchkih virobnitstv that іnformatsіynih tehnologіy; іntegruvati svoї Creek i spetsіalіzovanі fіlії in єdinu mіzhnarodnu trammel upravlіnnya; іntegruvatisya s іnshimi TNK toscho. [14, p.218]

However navіt is global mobіlnіst faktorіv virobnitstva not oznachaє scho mіzhnarodne virobnitstvo rozpodіlyaєtsya rіvnomіrno. Mobіlnі factorization kontsentruyutsya in mіstsyah de іsnuyut efektivnі dodatkovі factors scho obumovlyuє kontsentratsіyu potokіv PZІ in kraїnah, SSMSC dosyagli Pevnyi rіvnya efektivnoї Economy, tobto osnovnі Vigoda globalіzatsії toil rozvinutі (bagatі) Kraina.

Bіlshіst kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, i, Especially, naybіdnіshі Kraina rizikuyut slit bіlshe uskladniti svoє encampment, oskіlki not stink vіdpovіdayut mіzhnarodno unіfіkovanim kriterіyam for zaluchennya PZІ. Just "vіdkrittya" Economy infections Zaman, neobhіdnі slit th INSHI privablivі pozitsії scho viplivayut s mіstsevih perevag.

Vinikayuchі negativnі naslіdki globalіzatsії pov'yazanі, nasampered not Zi slabіstyu okremih natsіonalnih ekonomіk and s nedoskonalіstyu mehanіzmіv global regulyuvannya INCREASING potokіv torgіvlі th іnvestitsіy. Virіshennya vіdpovіdnih problems Mauger not pov'yazuvatisya s galmuvannyam globalіzatsії, KOTRA s prevalyuyuchoї tendentsії Druha half of the twentieth stolіttya peretvorilas in efektivnosti processes Suchasnyj svіtogospodarskogo rozvitku. Yogo doslіdniki vіdznachayut Pevnyi strukturovanіst tsogo processes, de-fіnansovo іnvestitsіyna globalіzatsіya Yea, not tіlki sistemoutvoryuyuchim Basic Elements (Figure 3), ale i th viperedzhuyuchim naybіlsh big. [9, p.17]

Fig. 3. Globalіzatsіya іnvestuvannya

In kontekstі klyuchovih power globalnoї regulyatornoї polіtiki slіd vrahovuvati suchasnі tendentsії rozvitku svіtogospodarskoї system:

rіzke znizhennya sirovinnoї i chastkovo energetichnoї zalezhnostі vnaslіdok deіndustrіalіzatsії Economy;

vivіlnennya in mіzhnarodnіy torgіvlі rinkіv Masov spozhivchih tovarіv;

prіoritetnіst new samostіynogo i globally konkurentospromozhnogo product - knowledge that Informácie.

pereorієntatsіya іnvestitsіy s rozshirennyam virobnitstva i nakopichennya materіalnih aktivіv on rozvitok "lyudskogo kapіtalu". [14, s.319]

Vazhlivim Je rozumіnnya of scho globalіzatsіya - tse viznannya vzaєmozalezhnostі іnvestitsіynih protsesіv, yakіsna zmіna їh sub'єktnostі, transnatsіonalnі korporatsії vistupayut on rіvnih not tіlki mіzh him, ale th powers. Odnochasno globalіzatsіya oznachaє unіversalіzatsіyu іnvestitsіynih protsesіv, rozrobku i of acceptance єdinih printsipіv іnvestitsіynoї vzaєmodії, unіfіkatsіyu іnvestitsіynih mehanіzmіv that іnstrumentіv, skhilnіst to іntegralnih tehnologіy.

Yak vіdznachayut EXPERT, іsnuvannya that posilennya rolі іntegratsіynih ugrupuvan in protsesі zaluchennya PZІ vimagaє novih pіdhodіv, SSMSC b zamіnili polіtiku stimulyuvannya іnvestitsіynih potokіv Perche that other pokolіnnya. Polіtika stimulyuvannya іnvestitsіynih potokіv Perche pokolіnnya obmezhuvalasya zmenshennyam bar'єrіv on the high road PZІ, vprovadzhennyam polіtiki spriyannya dіyalnostі zarubіzhnih іnvestorіv in priymayuchіy kraїnі. Practical OAO All Kraina dotrimuvalisya tasks napryamku, deyakі s are attainable Pevnyi uspіhіv.

In polіtitsі Other pokolіnnya Uryadov of Namangan "realіzovuvati" svoї іnstitutsіynі potentsіali. Bulo target natsіonalnі agency spriyannya PZІ, Svіtova Asotsіatsіya Agencies Іnvestitsіynogo Stimulyuvannya (1995 p.), Yak at a time nalіchuє blizko 100 chlenіv.

Polіtika stimulyuvannya іnvestitsіy tert pokolіnnya bazuєtsya on іsnuyuchіy strukturі PZІ i dіyuchіy modelі zaluchennya іnvestitsіynih potokіv s viznachennyam tsіlovogo zarubіzhnogo іnvestora adequate rіvnyu rozvitku virobnitstva i fіrm, spetsifіchnim mіstsevim vimogam. Such strategіya Mauger dosyagti of Success for the minds, if in kraїnі Je spetsifіchnі іntegrativnі ugrupuvannya, osnovanі on її competitive perevagah and fіrmi natural pragnut to іntegratsії. Criticality of Elements stimulyuvannya іnvestitsіynih potokіv Je pokraschennya dіyalnostі i vіdkrittya for dіyalnostі potentsіynogo іnozemnogo іnvestora Pevnyi spetsifіchnih Galuzo. Zrozumіlo scho vrahovuєtsya ekonomіchny that polіtichny ustrіy Kraina, camp її zagalnoї іnfrastrukturi.

Such a "tsіlova strategіya" E folding, Aje stvorennya іntegrovanih virobnikіv s vіdomoyu torgovelnoyu Marco potrebuє bagato hour, resursіv that tsіlespryamovanoї robots chiselnih іnstitutіv. Її realіzatsіya suprovodzhuєtsya Shvidky zbіlshennyam subnatsіonalnih Agencies (infections їh Quantity becoming 240) that Munіtsipalnih agencies stimulyuvannya іnvestitsіynih potokіv. However, the central problem vsіh vipadkah іnvestitsіynoї privablivostі Je konkurentospromozhnіst sektorіv natsіonalnih ekonomіk that nayavnіst kvalіfіkovanih robіtnikіv. Nasogodnі deprivation silnі mіstsevі fіrmi privablyuyut PZІ, motivuyut vіdkrittya zarubіzhnih fіlіalіv, stvorennya spіlnih of companies. Lanka, scho efektivnosti z'єdnuє natsіonalnu kompanіyu s zarubіzhnimi fіlіyami Je rozvinenі channeling rozpovsyudzhennya resursіv, knowledge that tehnologіy. In its Cherga Taqiy phone reception spriyaє efektivnosti ekonomіchnomu rozvitku.

Nezvazhayuchi on nevdachі in priynyattі Complex bagatostoronnіh іnvestitsіynih land, bagato kraїn all the same spodіvayutsya on stvorennya efektivnosti rules mіzhnarodnogo іnvestuvannya.

Ostannіm hour prevalyuyut Offers rozrobki such rules mіzhnarodnimi organіzatsіyami іz the global membership. Zrozumіlo scho naybіlsh pridatnoyu Je COT, zvazhayuchi, zokrema i to those scho Complex pіdhіd to rozrobki mіzhnarodnih norms s urahuvannyam vzaєmozv'yazku torgіvlі that іnvestitsіy vzhe viyaviv his robotі tsієї organіzatsії (TRІM, GATS TRІPS SCM). Іsnuє promising programa rozshirennya i pogliblennya complex regulatory standards, scho rozrobila The fourth Mіnіsterska konferentsіya kraїn - chlenіv COT in Katarі, leaf fall 2001 p. in pіdsumkovіy Deklaratsії yakoї viznacheno Programs dіyalnostі scho factual іnіtsіyuє Novi round vіdpovіdnih bagatostoronnіh peregovorіv. Pokazovo, scho tsya Especially rozdіl mіstit programa, schodo vzaєmozv'yazku torgіvlі that іnvestitsіy. So, mіnіstri Weather scho schodo bagatostoronnі, discuss zabezpechennya Prozorov, stabіlnih i peredbachuvanih minds for dovgostrokovih іnozemnih іnvestitsіy, vіdbudutsya pіslya p'yatoї sesії Konferentsії Mіnіstrіv. A protyagom perіodu to P'yatoї Sesії away dіyalnіst Robochoї groupies s power vzaєmodії mіzh torgіvleyu that іnvestitsіyami zoseredzhuvatimetsya on such power: she viznachennya dії sphere; prozorіst; nediskrimіnatsіya; modalnostі for zobov'yazan stosovno stadіy, SSMSC pereduyut zdіysnennyu іnvestitsіy on pіdstavі type pіdhodіv scho zastosovuєtsya in Ugodі s torgіvlі Hotel; pіdhіd positive perelіku; The provisions about rozvitok; vinyatki that garantії schodo balance platezhіv; konsultatsії that rozv'yazannya sporіv mіzh members of the COT. [16]

Klyuchovim factor scho znizhuє potentsіynu efektivnіst globally unіfіkovanih іnvestitsіynih rules Je large-scale i INCREASING іnvestitsіyna VZAYEMODIYA kraїn-chlenіv OECD, natsіonalnі rehearse yakih vzhe mayzhe povnіstyu vіdpovіdayut vimogam, SSMSC shaping can Buti postavlenі in rezultatі pіdpisannya whether yakoї novoї bagatostoronnoї land. Tobto accents global regulyuvannya іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі zmіschuyutsya in bіk vzaєmovіdnosin provіdnih kraїn svitu s kraїnami scho rozvivayutsya that kraїnami s perehіdnimi ekonomіkami. The problem of permanent Okremoyu zalishaєtsya іnvestitsіyna neprivablivіst naybіdnіshih kraїn. Here INCREASING role nalezhit i kraїnam-svіtovy lіderam, i COT, CVM i is the Security Council, i regіonalnim rozvitku banks. Pokey vise dwellers stvoriti dіyovі mіzhnarodno unіfіkovanі іnvestitsіynі rules do not camp dіysno globally (s side dіlovih kіl, powers mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy) prospects of the global regulyuvannya іnvestitsіynі potokіv Je maloіmovіrnimi.

Bіlsh addition, Shvydko globalіzovanіy svіtovіy ekonomіtsі list visunutih on rozglyad on mіzhnarodnomu rіvnі problems staє truncated bіlsh wide, i dosit soon Mauger vklyuchiti Povny dіapazon power scho stosuєtsya Ruhu vsіh mobіlnih faktorіv virobnitstva.

literature

Lands about pov'yazanі s torgіvleyu іnvestitsіynі come in. - In the book .: Result Urugvayskogo round bagatostoronnіh torgovelnih peregovorіv: Text ofіtsіynih dokumentіv. - K .: "Vimіr", 1998. - s.153-156.

THE GENERAL lands about torgіvlyu Hotel. - Ibid. - S.301-335.

Lands about torgovelnі aspects of the right іntelektualnoї vlasnostі. - Ibid. - S.336-369.

Lands about subsidії kompensatsіynі i come in. - Ibid. - S.245-291.

Gubsky BV Іnvestitsіynі processes in global seredovischі. - K .: Naukova Dumka 1988.

Zagorodnuk AP Practical basics of attracting strategic investors and financing projects. - Stock market 2000, №3, s.25-26.

Luk'yanenko D. Іnvestitsіyny globalіzm: suchasnі problemi ekonomіchnih doslіdzhen. - Rinok tsіnnih paperіv Ukraine. - 2002. - №5-6. - S.17-21.

Luk'yanenko DG, Bіloshapka VA, OI Pestrєtsova Spіlnі pіdpriєmstva in Ukraїnі. Organіzatsіya i minds efektivnosti rozvitku. - K .: "Hvilya-Pres», 1995.

Luk'yanenko DG, Brain OM, Gubsky BV Basics of mіzhnarodnogo іnvestuvannya. - K .: KNEU, 1998.

Pakhomov YM, Luk'yanenko DG, Gubsky BV Natsіonalnі Economy in global competition seredovischі. - K .: UKRAINE 1997.

Pakhomov Yu, Krimsky SB, Y. Pavlenko Ways and crossroads of modern civilization. - K .: International Business Center 1999.

Ruth R. Frenklіn, Fіlіpenko, Anton. Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya that іnvestitsії / Trans. s English. - K .: Basics of 1998.

Spriyannya steel ekonomіchnomu zrostannyu in Ukraїnі / For Ed. Stefan von Kramov-Taubelya, Іrini Akіmovoї. - Kind of "Alfa-Print". - K .: 2001.

Strategіya ekonomіchnogo rozvitku in the minds globalіzatsії: monograph / For Ed. Dr. ekon.nauk, prof.D.G.Luk'yanenka. - K .: KNEU 2001.

NO Tatarenko, Poruchnik AM Teorії іnvestitsіy. Navch. posіbnik. - K .: KNEU 2000.

Documents Doskoї konferentsії. Mіnіstrіv declaration. - Ofіtsіyna storіnka www.wto.gov.ua

World Investment Report, 2001. - United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2001.

The Results of the Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations. World Trade organization. The legal Texts. Cambridge University Press. 1999. - 491 p.

Trade Training Program Module 15: Trade and Investment. Catapult network. Centre for Trade Policy and Law (Canada).

Hart Michael - A multilateral agreement on foreign direct investment: why now? Centre for Trade Policy and Law, 1994.

Business Guide to the World Trading System, Second Edition - International Trade Centre UNCTAS / WTO and Commonwealth Secretariat. 1999.

WTO 2000 - ofіtsіyna web storіnka COT - www.wto.org/about/about.htm