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Mіzhnarodny management - Je Panchenko G.
TOPIC 5: STRATEGІYA the I PLANUVANNYA In SISTEMІ MІZHNARODNOGO MANAGEMENT
5.1. The point i osnovnі Elements mіzhnarodnih strategіy
Strategіchne planuvannya - tse processes viznachennya osnovnoї lіnії organіzatsії, dovgostrokovih tsіley i vikonannya planіv dіyalnostі schodo dosyagnennya zaznachenih tsіley
Neobhіdnіst i values strategіchnogo planuvannya in mіzhnarodnomu menedzhmentі
• Utrimannya napryamku rozvitku kompanії in the minds diversifіkatsії mіzhnarodnih operatsіy
• require in koordinatsії i іntegratsії rіznomanіtnih operatsіy-wide vsієї korporatsії
• Nalezhna pіdgotovka to vinikayuchih novih mіzhnarodnih viklikіv i prorivіv
Perevagi strategіchnogo planuvannya
• Koordinatsіya i monіtoring dovgotrivalih mіzhnarodnih operatsіy
• Detailed opratsyuvannya problems pov'yazanih s polіtichnimi rizikami, competitors stabіlnіstyu Monetary kursіv i іn.
Osnovnі pіdhodi to formulyuvannya i realіzatsії mіzhnarodnih strategіy
• Ekonomіchny іmperativ
• Polіtichny іmperativ
• Admіnіstrati VNA koordinatsіya
5.2. Strategіchnі orієntatsії mіzhnarodnih korporatsіy
• ethnocentrism - Tsіnnostі i Interests materinskoї kompanії Je bunt in strategіchnih rіshennyah
• Polіtsentrizm - strategіchnі rіshennya zmіnyuyutsya od Kraina to Kraina in yakih dіє kompaniia
• Regіotsentrizm - poєdnannya Vlasnyi іnteresіv fіrmi s іnteresami svoїh regіonalnih vіddіlen
• geocentricism - іntegruvannya rіshen єdinu in the global system
Table 5.1.
Otsіnochna matrix for rinkovih vhodіv bagatonatsіonalnih korporatsіy in INSHI Kraina
Vhіdnі strategії | Klyuchovі factorization seredovischa | ||||
Ekonomіchnі | Zakoni | Polіtichnі | Kulturnі | ||
Eksport | FROM | A | AT | FROM | C + |
Lіzing | A | AT | AT | A | B + |
Virobnitstvo of contract | B + | B + | B + | B + | B + |
Spіlne pіdpriєmstvo | A | A | B + | B + | A- |
Vlasnyi virobnitstvo | A | A | A | A- | A |
Poznachennya: A vіdmіnnі; In-Dobri; C - zadovіlnі
Dzherelo: Hodgetts R., Luthans F. International Management. - NY, Me Graw-Hill, Inc., 1991, p.93.
Table 5.2.
Strategіchny profіl mіzhnarodnih kompanіy
number | Characteristic | ethnocentrism | poLіtsentrizm | Regіotsentrizm | geocentricism |
1. | Mіsіya | Pributkovіst Zhittєzdatnіst | Gromadska viznannya (legіtimnіst) | Pributkovіst i Gromadska viznannya | Pributkovіst i Gromadska viznannya |
2. | Strategіya | The Global іntegratsіya | Natsionalna chutlivіst | Regіonalna іntegratsіya i NATIONAL chuynіst | The Global іntegratsіya i NATIONAL chuynіst |
3. | Character upravlіnnya | Zverhu down | Znizu Vgoru | Negotiations at mіstsevomu rіvnі | Negotiations at vsіh rіvnyah |
4. | Organіzatsіynі structuring | Ієrarhіya grocery vіddіlen | Ієrarhіya geografіchnih vіddіlen | Produktovo- geografіchna matrix | Merezha organіzatsіy |
5. | culture | Kraina pohodzhennya | Kraina Ruler | Regіonalna | globally |
6. | Tehnologіya | Masov virobnitstvo | Serіyne virobnitstvo | Gnuchke virobnitstvo | Gnuchke virobnitstvo |
7. | Marketing | Produkciya Kraina pohodzhennya | Lokalnі produkti | Regіonalna Produkciya | |
8. | Fіnansi | Repatrіatsіya pributku | Utrimannya pributku | Regіonalny rozpodіl | The Global rozpodіl |
9. | Staff | Klyuchovі Plant ekspatrіanti | Klyuchavі Plant mіstsevі | Regіonalna rotatsіya | The Global rotatsіya |
Dzherelo: Columbie Journal of World Business.- Summer 1985, pp.5-6
Varіanti formulyuvannya tsіley transnatsіonalnih korporatsіy
a) Pributkovіst
• Rіven pributkіv
• Oborotnіst aktivіv, іnvestitsіy, kapіtalu sales
• Schorіchny rіst pributku
• Schorіchny rіst viplat on aktsіyu
b) Marketing
• Zagalny obsyag sales
• Rinkova chastka - vsesvіtnya, regіonalna, Kraina
• Zrostannya obsyagu sales
• Zrostannya dolі on market analysis
• Іntegratsіya rinkіv okremih kraїn for pіdvischennya efektivnostі Marketing
c) Virobnitstvo
• Spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh obsyagami zarubіzhnogo i vnutrіshnogo virobnitstva
• Economy Masshtabnіst zavdyaki mіzhnarodnіy virobnichіy іntegratsії
• Yakіst i vitrati to control
• Zaprovadzhennya metodіv virobnitstva on osnovі efektivnosti vitrat
g) Fіnansi
• Fіnansuvannya zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі - nerozpodіleny Prybutok chi lokalnі Borg
• Opodatkuvannya - mіnіmіzatsіya the global podatkovih platezhіv
• Optimіzatsіya structuring kapіtalu
• Management of Foreign Exchange operatsіy - mіnіmіzatsіya zbitkіv at Oscillations Monetary kursіv
d) Staff
• Rozvitok menedzherіv іz the global orієntatsієyu
• Rozvitok management in kraїnah-Ruler
Dzherelo:
PhatakA. International Dimension of Management. 2d ed. - Boston: PWS Kent Publishing, 1989, p.72
5.3. Osnovnі tipi mіzhnarodnih strategіy
Table 5.3.
Osnovnі characteristics okremih strategіy zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї (zakordonnoї) ekspansії
Hosting Project strategії, butt | Find our Harakternі | Pozitivnі RISS | Negativnі RISS |
Mіzhnarodna strategіya | Tirazhuvannya odnієї th tієї Well produktsії in rіznih kraїnah. Kontsentratsіya virobnitstva in kraїnі pohodzhennya. Rozmіschennya virobnitstva i marketing іnshih kraїnah |
Vіdnosno nizkі vitrati on virobnitstvo zavdyaki peredachі basically i umіn produktіv scho vikoristovuyutsya in kraїnі |
Vіdsutnіst adaptatsії up mіstsevih minds. Obmezhenі Vigoda od masshtabіv virobnitstva i mіstsevih minds |
Multiderzhavna strategіya | Іndivіdualіzatsіya produktsії for rіznih rinkіv. Rozmіschennya virobnitstva, marketing bagatoh rіznih kraїnah |
Adaptatsіya to mіstsevih minds | Obmezhena knowledge transfer i produktіv mіzh kraїnami. Obmezhenі Vigoda od masshtabіv virobnitstva that roztashuvannya |
The Global strategіya | Tsentralіzovane virobnitstvo i marketing roztashovanі in kraїnah h naymenshimi virobnichimi vitratami |
Vigoda od vіdpovіdnoї lokalіzatsії primary protsesіv. result od ekonomії on scale |
Vіdsutnіst adaptatsії up mіstsevih minds |
Transnatsіonalna strategіya | Odnochasne vrahuvannya ekonomії on scale i peredachі knowledge that produktіv mіzh kraїnami |
Vigoda od efekta masshtabіv i adaptatsії up mіstsevih minds |
Nebezpeka vіdsutnostі kontsentratsії on vitratah that mіstsevih Rink i of acceptance mіzhnarodnoї strategії |
table 5-4
Matrix Vibor strategії zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї ekspansії
Vices schodo adaptatsії to mіstsevih minds |
|||
Slabko | strongly | ||
Vices schodo ZNIZHENNYA vitrat |
strongly | globally strategіya |
Transnatsіonalna strategіya |
Slabko |
Mіzhnarodna strategіya |
Multiderzhavna strategіya |
5.4. Strategіya global rozmіschennya virobnitstva
Skladovі global rozmіschennya virobnitstva
5.5.Strategіya i organіzatsіya іmportu
a) aspects Protsedurnі
• Mitnі rules i PROCEDURE
• Navichki spіlkuvannya s Mitnija Set
• Vikoristannya broker s іmportu
• Klyuchove Meaning of bill of lading (rozpiska item at perevezennі, contract, document, scho zasvіdchuє right vlasnostі).
b) aspects Ekonomіchnі
• Strategіya
• Marketing (Cena, yakіst, rinok, competitors, phone reception іnozemnim postachalnikom s)
• Tehnologіya
• Bezperervnіst i priskorennya supplies
5.6. Strategіya i organіzatsіya eksportu
a) Vibіr eksportu method
• Vertical іntegratsіya
• Eksport through poserednikіv
b) i Rozrobka realіzatsії strategії
• Otsіnka eksportnogo potentsіalu
• Konsultatsії ekspertіv
• Vibіr rinkіv
• Formulyuvannya strategії eksportu (tsіlі, tactics, plan-grafіk Act reasonably, granichnі line rozpodіl resursіv)
• Delivery of goods on rinok
5.7. Osoblivostі planuvannya in transnatsіonalnih korporatsіyah
• Potentsіalny konflіkt mіzh tsіlyami samoї korporatsії s one side, i i ekonomіchnimi polіtichnimi tsіlyami kraїn-gospodarіv in yakih operuyut korporatsії, іnshogo s side. In perevazhnіy bіlshostі kraїn virіshalnu role in zapobіgannі such konflіktіv vіdіgrayut Uryadov i їh install.
Butt. Mіnіsterstvo mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі i promislovostі Yaponії planuє on p'yat rokіv rozvitok natsіonalnoї Economy i have skladі p'yatirіchnogo plan peredbachaє in vіdsotkah zrostannya eksportu okremih produktіv.
• Mozhlivі pіdstavi for konflіktuvannya corporative i natsіonalnih
tsіley
• Nevіdpovіdnіst mіzh spriyatlivim platezhіv balance in kraїnu (polіpshennya zhittєvih standartіv for її gromadyan) i tsіlyami transnatsіonalnih kompanіy
• Spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh pributkovіstyu zarubіzhnih pіdrozdіlіv i repatrіatsієyu pributku to headquarters kompanії.
• Negative vpliv potokіv pributku on balance platezhіv kraїn-gospodarіv
• Reigning Vpliv chinovnikіv on planuvannya dіyalnostі mіzhnarodnih kompanіy in іnshih kraїnah (rіznі pozitsії, dosvіd, tsіnnostі in menedzherіv chinovnikіv i).
Mal. 5-2. Process planuvannya in mіzhnarodnіy kompanії "Matsusіta" (Yaponіya)
DZHERELO: How do the Japanese companies. Abbr. per. with Economy, 1989, p.80.
Tablitsі 5.4.
Porіvnyalny zmіst mіzhnarodnih kontraktіv kupіvlі-sale
№№ | Mіzhnarodna komertsіyna practice | №№ | Rekomendatsії MZEZT Ukraine |
1. | Preamble | 1. | Hosting Project, contract number (contract), the date i yogo Location pіdpisannya |
2. | The subject of the contract | 2 | Preamble |
3. | Quantity | 3. | The subject of the contract (contract) |
4. | Yakіst | 4. | Quantity is the okіst tovarіv |
5. | I Termіn delivery date | 5. | Terms of delivery Bazisnі tovarіv |
6. | Bazisnі Terms of delivery | 6. | Rate is the Total value contract |
7. | Cena | 7. | minds platezhіv |
8. | Platіzh | 8. | Minds zdachі (priymannya) product (robіt, poslug) |
9. | Packaging | 9. | Packaging that markіruvannya |
10. | Procedure vіdvantazhennya | 10. | Force mazhornі obstavini |
eleven. | 3adacha - priymannya | eleven. | Sanktsії that reklamatsії |
12. | Reklamatsії | 12. | Arbіtrazh |
13. | Garantії | 13. | Yuridichnі address, poshtovі that platіzhnі rekvіziti storіn |
14. | Minds i vikonannya contract sanktsії | 14. | Dodatkovі minds scho viznachayutsya for domovlenіstyu storіn |
15. | Force mazhorpі obstavini | • strahuvannya | |
16. | Arbіtrazh | • garantії of Quality | |
17. | Transportnі minds | • minds zaluchennya vikonavtsіv contract agentіv, perevіznikіv | |
18. | Eksportnі i іmportnі lіtsenzії | • viznachennya standards (rozvantazhennya) | |
• minds peredachі tehnіchnoї dokumentatsії on product zberezhennya | |||
brands | |||
• procedure Splat podatkіv, mita, zborіv | |||
• rіznogo old zahisnі zasterezhennya | |||
• h yakogo time contract pochinaє dіyati | |||
• Quantity pіdpisanih primіrnikіv contract | |||
• mozhlivіst is the procedure for making dopovnen that for Change to the contract that іn. | |||
Dzherelo: Gerchikova IN Marketing and International commercial law. - M .: Vneshtorgizdat, 1990, s.111-130 |
Dzherelo: provisions about form zovnіshnoekonomіchnih dogovorіv (kontraktіv) - Uriadovy Courier, 1995. 02.11. p.8 |
Dzherelo: Gerchikova IN Marketing and mezhdunarodnoekommercheskoe right. - M .: Vneshtorgizdat, 1990, s.111-130, the provisions about the form zovnіshnoekonomіchnihdogovorіv (kontraktіv) - Uriadovy Courier, 1995. 02.11. p.8
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