Ekonomіchny analіz - Bolyuh MA, Burchevsky VZ

1.3. Process of acceptance upravlіnskih rіshen that ekonomіchny analіz

Vazhlivu role vіdіgraє viznachennya poslіdovnostі etapіv rozrobki that of acceptance upravlіnskogo rіshennya. Rozrobka upravlіnskogo rіshennya Je complex rіznih upravlіnskih Act reasonably, the following cutaneous exposure The de Je logіchnim prodovzhennyam poperednoї. Fig. 1.2 zobrazheno block diagram of processes of acceptance upravlіnskih rіshen.

NAME blokіv give uyavlennya about zmіst etapіv processes formuvannya upravlіnskogo rіshennya. Slіd zvernuti uwagi on takі yogo osoblivostі. For viznachennya methylene she kriterіїv rozv'yazannya problems (unit 3) slіd peredovsіm urahuvati bagatoaspektnіst problems. In gospodarskіy dіyalnostі sama ekonomіchny aspects of the problem Je bunt. In іnshih vipadkah bunt Mauger Buti sotsіalny abo tehnіchny aspect. So chi so ale treba zavzhdi pam'yatati about kompleksnіst, bagatoaspektnіst upravlіnskih problems.

Pіslya formulyuvannya methylene she Vibor kriterіyu optimalnostі abo dotsіlnostі zdіysnyuєtsya vibіr specific faktorіv she minds scho od them zalezhatime result rіshennya. Obґruntovany vіdbіr faktorіv Je peredumovoyu rozrobki NAUKOVO obґruntovanogo and vіdtak i efektivnosti rіshennya.

A block diagram of processes of acceptance upravlіnskogo rіshennya

Fig. 1.2. A block diagram of processes of acceptance upravlіnskogo rіshennya

Model analіzu System (unit 4) - tse, Vlasnyi, i Je scheme rozv'yazannya zavdannya, yak Postal upravlіnnyam before. Fallow od nature zavdannya model Mauger Buti downtime abo folding. Prostі modelі buvayut often the standard. Skladnі modelі rіshennya mozhut (vіdpovіdno to stage formalіzatsії) chastkovo abo povnіstyu vіdpovіdati vimogam programuvannya.

Vibіr modelі rіshennya that rozrobka prog rozrahunkіv stvoryuyut basis for viznachennya warehouse neobhіdnoї Informácie. Yak rіshennya model, so i іnformatsіya toil zabezpechiti mozhlivіst varіantnih rіshen.

Flowchart demonstruє scho ekonomіchny analіz in protsesі of acceptance upravlіnskogo rіshennya vіdіgraє provіdnu role (units 4-10 vidіleno bold).

Otzhe, processes of acceptance upravlіnskogo rіshennya Got іterativny character, yaky daє zmogu polіpshiti model abo varіant rіshennya way poslіdovnih nablizhen. So, pіslya porіvnyannya vibranoї modelі s origіnalom System (unit 5) Mauger require line-item in dodatkovіy Informácie (unit 6), yak umozhlivit vіdpovіdne polіpshennya modelі rіshennya. For a negative result porіvnyannya pіdgotovlenogo varіanta rіshennya s іnshimi aspects upravlіnnya (block 12), іz zagalnoyu metoyu that kriterіyami (block 14) line-item will require Mauger znovu to rotate analіzu varіantіv rozvitku System (Box 7).

W metoyu pіdvischennya vіdpovіdalnostі of acceptance for that zdіysnennya rіshennya and takozh stvorennya peredumov efektivnosti for control of Yogo vikonannyam, rіshennya Got Booty dokumentovanim. Dokumentatsіya rіshennya oformlyaєtsya s urahuvannyam chinnih zakonodavchih that іnshih legal aktіv. Form dokumentuvannya rіshennya deposits od yogo priznachennya and zmіst guilty vіdpovіdati such vimogam: from dokumentovanomu rіshennі vіdobrazhuyut Meta, viznachayut zasobi dosyagnennya tsієї methylation in viglyadі specific zahodіv, viznachayut ochіkuvanі result, vstanovlyuyut line vikonannya skin sunset that nazivayut specific osіb, SSMSC vіdpovіdayut for realіzatsіyu rіshennya .

Systemic pіdhіd to vivchennya problems upravlіnnya daє zmogu z'yasuvati rіven їhnoї skladnostі, bagatoaspektnostі that іnformatsіynoї zabezpechenostі. For rіvnem kіlkіsnogo spіvvіdnoshennya vsіh vzaєmozv'yazanih faktorіv problemi upravlіnnya podіlyayutsya three groupies.

Persha group - good strukturovanі problemi upravlіnnya, if vzaєmozv'yazki mіzh rіznimi chinnikami chіtko z'yasovano that kіlkіsno viznacheno.

Another group - nestrukturovanі problems if nayvazhlivіshі resources Find our th characteristics described tіlki yakіsno without kіlkіsnogo їh viznachennya.

Of the third group - Slabko strukturovanі abo zmіshanі problems if Chastain vzaєmozv'yazkіv Virage kіlkіsno, іnshu Chastain - yakіsno and to rozv'yazannya problemi potrebuє rіznih pіdhodіv.

Perche grupu problems rozv'yazuyut kіlkіsnimi methods optimіzatsії, friend - evristichnimi methods (c heurisko -. Znahodzhu, vіdkrivayu), and the third - a system analіzu methods.

Systemic analіz Je sukupnіstyu Naukova metodіv i practicality priyomіv doslіdzhennya great i folding problems upravlіnnya methodically zasobom realіzatsії system pіdhodu to upravlіnnya.

Driving Process System analіzu uniquely skladnіsha processes of acceptance for the scheme upravlіnskih rіshen. Mi rozglyanemo Tsey processes descho sproscheno, yak sukupnіst tіlki chotiroh stadіy.

Persha stadіya vklyuchaє usvіdomlennya situatsії, viyavlennya golovnoї problems poperednє vivchennya system formulyuvannya tsіley i viznachennya kriterіїv.

Another stadіya - tse structural analіz ob'єkta that rozrobka kontseptsії yogo rozvitku, viyavlennya naychutlivіshih tochok system.

Thirdly stadіya Je Main - tse rozrobka modelі is the Venue of analіzu.

On chetvertіy stadії zdіysnyuєtsya synthesis system on osnovі obsession unaslіdok analіzu danih.

Krіm zagalnoekonomіchnih metodіv in system analіzі vikoristovuyutsya slit th takі: dekompozitsіya system dіagnostika system randomness doslіdzhennya system method "perehresnih" porіvnyan, ekspertnі otsіnki, іmіtatsіyne modelyuvannya, analіz chutlivostі rіshen to rіznih faktorіv, agreguvannya zmіnnih in kompleksnі factors.

Systemic pіdhіd to virіshennya upravlіnskih problems naochno Virage in rozrobtsі that realіzatsії tsіlovih complex programs (CCU). CCU nalezhit chіlne Location in priynyattі dovgostrokovih upravlіnskih rіshen on vsіh rіvnyah upravlіnnya. Not rozglyadayuchi detailed processes programuvannya, nazvemo three nayvazhlivіshі characteristics NBI: nayavnіst chіtkoї tsіlovoї installation; kіlkіsne viznachennya resursіv, neobhіdnih for dosyagnennya kozhnoї tsіlі, s urahuvannyam obmezhenostі resursіv; podіl generalnoї warming up pіdprogrami.

For glibshogo pіdhodu to large rіshen, SSMSC pov'yazanі s great projects proponuєtsya system "analіz vigіd i vitrat» (benefit-cost analysis). Kanadskі EXPERT sekretarіatu For skarbnitsі Canada pіdgotuvali vіdpovіdny dovіdnik. In nomu zaznachaєtsya scho analіz vigіd i vitrat Je Treatments, Relief yakoї otsіnyuyut dotsіlnіst prog chi project by porіvnyannya vigіd i vitrat. Dovіdnik rozkrivaє methodological viznachennya pov'yazanih s realіzatsієyu draft Direct Indirect vitrat i i vigіd, kriterії їh porіvnyuvannya s urahuvannyam usіh chinnikіv scho yogo uskladnyuyut.

Slіd zvernuti uwagi on Poshuk novih tehnologіy of acceptance upravlіnskih rіshen. Rozrobleno upravlіnnya rating methodology, yak for viznachennyam avtorіv, Je kontseptsієyu "of acceptance rіshen potentsіynimi koristuvachami on osnovі vikoristannya reytingіv in protsesі realіzatsії funktsіy upravlіnnya". The basis tsієї kontseptsії very hard obchislennya uzagalnenogo rating ekonomіchnoї System sukupnіstyu pokaznikіv її dіyalnostі and zmіna rating daє pіdstavi for vіdpovіdnih upravlіnskih Act reasonably. Against the system of rating upravlіnnya small slit is not practical zastosuvannya, what really otsіniti її PERSPECTIVE Pokey scho nemozhlivo.

Vivchennya rіznih sposobіv of acceptance upravlіnskih rіshen svіdchit scho ekonomіchny analіz zaymaє suttєve Location in zabezpechennі vikonannya chi not nayvazhlivіshoї vimogi to upravlіnskih rіshen - Naukova obґruntuvannya varіantіv such rіshen, dosyagnennya Maximum ekonomіchnih rezultatіv for mіnіmalnih vitrat resursіv.

Nasamkіnets Varto nazvati Ti factors SSMSC vplivayut on the processes of acceptance upravlіnskih rіshen:

  • Osobistі of Quality kerіvnika.
  • Povedіnka kerіvnika.
  • Seredovische of acceptance rіshen (viznachenіst that rizik).
  • Іnformatsіynі obmezhennya (zrostannya vitrat on otrimannya dodatkovoї Informácie).
  • Vzaєmozalezhnіst rіshen.
  • Gotovnіst to mozhlivih negatively naslіdkіv.
  • Mozhlivіst zastosuvannya Suchasnyj tehnіchnih zasobіv.
  • Nayavnіst efektivnosti komunіkatsіy.
  • Vіdpovіdnіst structuring upravlіnnya tsіlyam that mіsії organіzatsії.
  • PROCEDURE realіzatsії funktsіy upravlіnnya.

Not Zavada nagadati takozh, scho rozvitok in kraїnі rinkovih vіdnosin Veda appears to konkurentsії that zbіlshennya ekonomіchnogo riziku, tobto to such yavisch, yakih mi did not know for kolishnoї admіnіstrativno-komandnoї system. Through those Bulo b neprostimoyu pomilkoyu, obґruntovuyuchi varіanti upravlіnskih rіshen, obminati mozhlivu dіyu Tsikh novih faktorіv for us.