Basics of polіtologії - Bregeda AY

Rozdіl V SUCHASNІ ІDEYNO-POLІTICHNІ TECHІЇ

In polіtichnomu zhittі suspіlstva Nadzvychaina sytuatsia vazhlive Location nalezhit rіznim іdeyno-polіtichnim techіyam not tіlki yak Pevnyi method of tlumachennya polіtichnoї realnostі and i yak method of polіtichnih Act reasonably, scho spryamovanі on zberezhennya abo, navpaki on zmіnu іsnuyuchoї polіtichnoї realnostі. Otzhe, іdeyno-polіtichnі techії in suspіlnomu zhittі poєdnuyut odnochasno teorіyu i practice i rozdumi dії, ratsіonalnі modelі mislennya that emotsіynі nastroї, SSMSC spriyayut formuvannyu in Helsinki Human nalezhnoї orієntatsії in polіtichnih processes.

1. Lіberalіzm that Neolіberalіzm yak polіtichnі techії

Appeared lіberalіzmu yak polіtichnoї techії organіchno zv'yazana s rozvitkom kapіtalіstichnih vіdnosin Єvropі in XVII-XVIII art. Termіn "lіberalіzm" Pocha actively vzhivati ​​pershіy polovinі in the XIX century., Todі Well vinikli Pershi polіtichnі partії lіberalіv. Ale іdeologіya lіberalіzmu syagaє svoїm korіnnyam in XVII-XVIII art. In її creations digit vnesok Zroby takі vidatnі mislitelі, yak D. Locke, S. Montesk'є, I. Kant is the іn.

W Relief lіberalnoї іdeologії "tretіy camp" borovsya іz zahisnikami feudal poryadkіv. Klas promislovtsіv that torgovtsіv scho narodzhuvavsya, MAP Velika needful in ekonomіchnіy svobodі have predstavnitskih establish SSMSC not stale b od svavіllya monarhіv. Burzhuazіya of Namangan zahistiti svoї revenues od nadmіrno temple podatkіv that direct konfіskatsіy. Іdeologіya lіberalіzmu Bula spryamovana on stvorennya neobhіdnih sotsіalno-polіtichnih peredumov for іntensivnogo rozvitku kapіtalіzmu.

Pochinayuchi s XVIII century. lіberalіzm residual posіv Location provіdnoї forms of bourgeois method of mislennya. Lіberali obґruntovuvali burzhuaznі right the first freedom, the freedom of individuals peredovsіm, promislovoї konkurentsії, nedotorkannostі privatnoї vlasnostі. Lіberalіzm - tse іndivіdualіstska poglyadіv system perevaga in nіy vіddaєtsya require okremoї Helsinki Human Rights i. Ale іndivіdualіzm Tsey Yea absolutely not. Mayuchi free will, Lyudin, yak respected lіberali, Mauger spryamuvati svoї dії i zdіbnostі Dobri yak on the right, so i on poganі. And to have vinikaє neobhіdnіst stvorennі sovereign legal order priznachennyam yakogo Got Booty garmonіzatsіya vіdnosin gromadyan. Sotsіalno-polіtichnі vіdnosini skladayutsya іz voleviyavlennya okremih osіb i mozhut Buti deprivation vipravdanі todі, if the stench zahischayut sub'єktivnі osobistostі law.

In the XIX century. rozvitok sotsіalno-polіtichnoї kontseptsії lіberalіzmu CCB pov'yazany s іmenami frantsuzkogo mislitelya B. Constant that anglіytsіv I. Bentham i D. Mіllya. B. Constant nabuv shirokoї populyarnostі yak zahisnik Svobody access in all areas suspіlnogo Zhittya. Vіn obstoyuvav іdeyu prіoritetnostі osobistostі stosovno whether yakoї sotsіalnoї groupies i suspіlstva in tsіlomu. Freedom konkurentsії in ekonomіtsі, freedom from vikladannі, glasnіst i freedom Druck - axis is not Povny perelіk vimog to organіzatsії suspіlnogo Zhittya, scho boule visunutі Constant.

Hoca i lіberali vkazuvali on nayavnіst in kapіtalіstichnomu suspіlstvі ekspluatatsії, zlidnіv that іnshih sotsіalnih negarazdіv, stink at tsomu not boule prihilnikami Radical Change log in sotsіalnomu zhittі. Zapobіgti sotsіalnіy revolyutsії s Relief svoєchasnih reforms - such a headache mes s teachings John Mіllya.. Especially napolyagav Mіll on rozshirennі mozhlivostey for workers Nabutov osvіtu, oskіlki vbachav the main reasons sotsіalnih konflіktіv in nedostatnomu osvіtnomu rіvnі folk mass.

Yak i OAO All predstavniki lіberalіzmu, Mіll bagato write about freedom of pillows i іndivіda Act reasonably, yogo nezalezhnіst od Uryadov, more vvazhav tse "privіleєm pitched i Natural Helsinki Human." Mіll zvertav uwagi to those scho in Suchasnyj Yomou suspіlstvі freedom deprivation often staє formalnіstyu and vodnochase, slіdom for Bentham, vіn vipravdovuvav obmezhennya Svobody Uryadov, Yakscho Won generally produces up nebazhanih naslіdkіv.

Against obgovoryuyuchi problem of freedom, lіberali XIX century., Yak i prosvіtitelі XVIII century., Mali uvazі abstract freedom "The Citizen", rather than quiet people kotrі actually lived in bourgeois suspіlstvі. Pid rights i freedoms "Helsinki Human vzagalі" stink factuality rozumіli right i Svobody bourgeois. Usі predstavniki lіberalіzmu zasudzhuvali revolyutsіyu yak sposіb suspіlnih peretvoren. Basic Way rozvitku suspіlstva on їhnyu Dumka, - tse sotsіalna evolyutsіya, postupove reformuvannya rіznih storіn suspіlnogo Zhittya.

Protyagom usogo XIX century. lіberali vistupali for Taqiy suspіlny ustrіy for yakogo regulyuvannya sotsіalnih vіdnosin in suspіlstvі vіdbuvalosya b stihіyno without vtruchannya Power on Cauterets viznavalasya deprivation role of "caretaker nіchnogo", scho gromadyan i ohoronyaє vlasnіst vstanovlyuє obsyagi vіlnoї konkurentsії mіzh okremimi virobnikami. Taqiy pіdhіd tsіlkom vіdpovіdav perіodu klasichnogo kapіtalіzmu.

Ale on the cob XX century. was zrozumіlo scho suspіlstvo neobmezhenoї Svobody konkurentsії that market analysis was zavazhati yak nalagodzhuvannyu garmonіynih vіdnosin mіzh people, so i rozkvіtu Economy. Zi zmіtsnennyam pozitsіy kapіtalіzmu faded "rіvnih mozhlivostey for vsіh i skin" peretvorilosya the right neobmezhenoї ekspluatatsії people naymanoї pratsі. Sotsіalne th Mainova rozsharuvannya suspіlstva, zagostrennya superechnostey in perіod svіtovoї ekonomіchnoї Creasy 30th rokіv put pid sumnіv osnovnі іdeї "klasichnogo lіberalіzmu" sprichinili їh radically pereglyad.

Sotsіalnomu lіberalіzmu neolіberalіzmu abo scho priyshov on zmіnu klasichnomu varіantu, boules vzhe pritamannі іdeї posilennya rolі Reigning organіv in suspіlnomu zhittі, stvorennya "powers zagalnogo Dobrobut" [1]. Such a small power b zapobіgati sotsіalnim konflіktam, dopomagati naybіlsh znedolenim verstvam suspіlstva actively vtruchayuchis in ekonomіchne Zhittya through podatki, budget planuvannya.

In sferі ekonomіchnoї polіtiki prihilniki neolіberalіzmu obstoyuvali neobhіdnіst zberezhennya zmіshanoї Economy, rіvnopravnostі rіznih forms vlasnostі, zhittєzdatnіst yakih MAV viznachiti rinok. Rozvitok market analysis that yogo mehanіzmіv peredbachalosya zdіysnyuvati pid control Power, in the yak pokladalasya vіdpovіdalnіst for pіdvischennya efektivnostі Economy and takozh The basic vіdpovіdalnіst for virіshennya zavdan sotsіalnoї polіtiki, zdіysnennya democratically peretvoren in suspіlstvі.

Main іdeєyu "sotsіalnogo lіberalіzmu" in polіtichnіy sferі Bula іdeya "plyuralіstichnoї demokratії" spryamovanoї on vrahuvannya іnteresіv usіh verstv suspіlstva, їh fate in polіtichnomu zhittі, zdіysnennya such printsipіv, yak podіl Vladi, of acceptance rіshen in vsіh predstavnitskih bodies at pіdstavі more democratic norms, obstanovtsі vіdkritostі.

Prihilniki "sotsіalnogo lіberalіzmu" rozumіli i yogo yak utіlennya spravzhnoї spravedlivostі in sotsіalnіy sferі, dosyagnennya rіvnih for rights without vsіh whether yakih obmezhen.

Otzhe, zahischayuchi freedom pіdpriєmnitstva that ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі, parlamentsky ustrіy, polіtichnu freedom osobistostі, glasnіst, lіberalіzm spriyav formuvannyu zagalnolyudskih tsіnnostey, kotrі bagato in chomu viznachayut oblichchya suchasnoї tsivіlіzatsії.