Основи політології - Bregeda A.Yu.

2. Conservatism and neoconservatism yak doctrine zahistu traditional ta odvіchnih tsinnostey

Polytichna fіlosofіya conservatism beri svіy pochat vіd івропейських мислителів кінця XVIII - початку ХІХ ст. - English E. Berka, Frenchman J. de Maistre, nimtsya F. von Savinyi .

Conservatism viknik yak reaction to the Great French Revolution, kotra rozglyadalasya yogo predstavnikami yak cause cirrus chaos ruinuvannya. "Classical conservatism" is the spaghetti of the virazh of the nobility of the nobility. Postunov Vin became peretvovyvatisya to the evil bourgeoisie, especially those of the faiths, kotri did not make radical social and political changes.

For a long time in the "classical conservatism" of the yogo, the counterparts stood out against the technocrats, who did not like the carving of the market, but with such gasses the bourgeoisie began to struggle with feudalism. Voni vidkidali mozhnivist established rivnosti people, domagalisya formulia suspilstva on ambush ієррхії, збереження ставих привілеїв, спадкової влади. The Conservators called before the monarchy, and in view of the traditional values ​​of the feudal and aristocratic, I arrange: "harmony" and "order" of the middle peasants, the village people, the school, the church, the tomb of the one, and, on the eagle's glance, agreed on the susption, Yogo єдність та наступність у розвитку.

Naybіlsh tsіkavim є вchenня conservatism about the nature of suspilstva i sspіlnogo zhittya. Conservatory-traditsionalisty not spirynyali basic іїї Просвітництва about the need to sightsee suspilstvo tilki z pozitsіy rozumu y natural law. On їхній look, суспільство not є result взаємодії of people, and the power виникла not through pleases між them, як стверджували прихильники теорії суспільного to the contract. Suspisity - is folded organichne tsіle. Усі частини його so взаємозв'яні, що зміна однієї з нихрушує рівновногу всього суспільного цілого [2]. In the social and political sphere, it is not possible for the earlier plan of the plan to be adopted as a social reality. Treba spiratysya tilki for dosvid. Suspilship itself postupovo vskokonalyuvimyetsya for internal laws, sho syagayut its korinnyam at glyboke past. Virishalne znachennya zhitti, strverzhuvali conservator, mew zvichki, smaki, traditsyії people. Axis chomu basic kriterіm suspilnogo rozvitku vony vvazhali zmіnu zvichaiv and character of the people.

Such a rank, conservatism does not zapechuvav ідею sspilnogo progress, ale tlumachiv yogo yak zmіnu, scho did not commit "the principle of humaneness and morality," she did not invent anarchy. The development of the estate of the Mav bouti is a breezy yak for the okremo people, and for the most severe organism. Oskilki nature and character of the people, yogo tradition, are rooted out by the stretch of the trivial hour, the social and political structure of the estate is to be shaped by the stretch of the bagatogo wikis. The moral value for the estate of the Conservative estate was given to the moral accumulation of the people.

Складність соціально-політичного arrange, organічність і цілісність суспільного життя повинні спонукувати політичних діячів до надзвичайної обачливості й обережності. Bud-yakі perechasnny zmіni, and tim bіlshe revolutsіyny zlam traditsynykh nakonakіv, neminuche prisvodit to negative nalіdkіv: disorganizatsii that stagnation in sotsіno-polichnichnom mehanizmi, the collapse of moral ustobev. Axis chomu svizvitok suspilstva not guilty vyhoditi for interi traditional, scho shtvereni poderodnimi pokolinni. The evolution of social and political life is encouraged through the post-apostasy of the old to new security.

On sotsіno-polichnichnyi glances conservatives have managed the meaningful vpiv ідеї мислителів середньііччя - Августина і Фоми Аквінського. Tse vyzaylos vizra v viznanni vtruchannya god u hіd chelovekskoї історії: natural rights and freedoms of people moyut their own basis of divine will, and polichnichnyy ustriy mozhe vvazhatisya justify tilki Todi, if vyn zhirenya y garantuє ti rights and freedom.

The basis of the economic feasibility of the power of the natural development of the conservator was privatized privately. Zhodna lyudina can not be pozbavlenuyu rights and mozhnolisti kupuvaty ykupchuvati vlasnist. Typical for the systems of seeing the conservatism of the Boolo is the position of the non-recipient of the state in the form of the power, the state is folded into the state, perekonannya in nemozhdolisti dosyagnennya sotsіalnogo rivnosti і in addition, sho іsnuvannya suvoroy rozmezhuvannya mizh klasami i vstvaami potrebně for sotsialnoy stabilnosti. Conservatory Stverdzhuvali priority social in nedivіdualnim, dovodiachi, sho vihіdnim point rozdumіv about the nature of people, syspilstva y stupidi moe bouti gromadyanske suspilstvo v tsilomu, not okremii individ. Head, who did not spray and did not sprinkayut conservator in lіberalizmі, - tse chitko vyrazhenoї na otnennomu napryamlennosti na sotsial'ne neformatelstvo, nato "lіberalnogo" stavlennya to the legal order, the "all-permissive" in the Galus sspilnoy morals, tolerant to vidhileni vіd relіgіynih canon.

In the middle of the 70s, the rock of the 20th century was unavailable for bogatokh politykiv, pupils (that part of the intelligentsia), gaining strength as titles of new conservatism. Spotchatka was aimed at the shvidkom zrostannі populistnosti "new rule" (інтелектуалів-економістів, філософів, соціологів, політологів) at the "corrected" багаоох ліберальних і навіть ліворадикальних pupils. Nobel laureate of economics in 1976 became an architect of the monetarist, anti-Keynesian strait in the economy M.Freidman; Already in the abducted vіtsі отририє Нобелівську премію (1974 р.) І experiencing the zlo popularity of the Austrian philosopher and economist F. von Hayek. At the neoconservative position, the so-called American sociologists, Ya. D. Bell and S. Lipset. Broadly popular nabuvaє і a number of new іmen - І. Krestol ta Moinikhen from the USA, GK Kaltenbrunner from the FRF, A. Benois from France, that of the bagatos.

Зміцнення позицій neoconservatism у в науці та ідеології відбувається one-time з посиленням відповідних ідей та настроїв у політичному житті. Especially in the United States, the United Kingdom, De Reagan and M. Thatcher , who were posing for a new, stiff conservatism, were sent to shwidko to defeat the positions in their own parties, and they were able to win over the voters. Already itself tilki trivalval їх perebuvannya at vladi (8 rockіv і 11,5 rockів) sіідчить about the force of the new news and the potential, cotri vona is small from the cob itself. For example, to say "understand" "reaganomika" and "tetcherism", they literally disappeared into the fifty-year vocabulary of the 80's and became the symbols of everyday conservatism.

In the 80's, rock became gray in the half-century of life. At the sunset: the conservatives in the United States were amazed, the United States, the bullets were replaced by the half-truth of the social life of France, France, Italy and the FRN. Іdeї conservatism that vіdpovіdnі pіdhodi to virіshennya sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih problems began domіnuyuchimi in bagatoh vplivovih polіtichnih partіyah zahіdnih kraїn: Konservativnіy partії Velikobritanії, Respublіkanskіy partії US Lіberalno-demokratichnіy partії Yaponії, Hristiyansko-democratic that Hristiyansko-sotsіalnomu soyuzі in NGF (CDU / CSU) , Італійській християнсько-демократичній партії та кількох інших. Лібералізм has acted as a conservator in the easiest spheres of life.

Reinforcing conservativeism in the landscapes of Europe and the United States was influenced by Bagato factors.

Nasampered treba vrahovuvaty, scho neoliberalnaya doctrine "sospicstva dobrobutu" laid the basis of yogo rozvitku shvidkiy progresses of technology. Al praskorennya NTP podprichinil zagostrenya ekologicheskoi situation, meaningfully poregryshilo mid-life zhitty people. Відтак посилося невдаволення політикою лібералів, помітно зріс впв консерваторів, які обіцяли гармонізувати відносини людини з довкіллям.

It is pleasant for conservatives to become a fact of being able to stay in the background of bureaucracy, cotrile breeders of the state and galmuvav of economists. The neoconservatives came out for the sovereignty of the state in order to manage the economy in a social and political sphere, for the freedom to compete and compete. Dotrichmuchitsya chyogo course, M. Tetcher at the fate of his rule (1979-1990) posydіdno zdіysnyuvala decentralizatsiyu і privatization of the state economy, the expansion of private pіdpriєmnіtva. At the result of the carried out takoї polity boolo dulyagnutno zapachnyh uspіhіv at rozvitku ekonomiki kraїni, pidvitcheno zhitt'evyi rіvenь bіlshostі anglіyskikh rabotayuschih. Chast vlasnikіv акцій great підприємств збільшила у Britain for 10 rockів з 7 до 24%. The role of other types of programs and devices was growing, but on them in the 80s rock 'n bool was occupied up to 1/4 of all robotic strength. At 70% zlіlshilasya kіlkіst osib, yakі mali vlasne dіlo, ale not koristuvalis naimanoyu pratseju. Usse tseedchilo pro doshit gliboki th scale zmіni v spryni vibronichih vidosnon ta vіdnosin vlasnosti. Plows led to the relaxation of the whip yak of the clerk, so that the robbery of the vobrobnitsa, as well as the result of the pravicy.

The water hour at the Great Britain became significant in the sphere of polarities. Pomitno dystopilasya kilkіst sverhvnyh organіv, kіlkіst sverhvnyh sluzhbytsіv zmenshilasya on 167 yew. (23%), the activities of the municipital services of the buli were transferred to the contractual basis by private authorities [3].

Protestine conservatives in the regions of the world are affected by the power and the power functions of the state through the admission of public authorities to the state, and the bulletin is published in the form of neoliberalis. ALE zmіtsnennya vladnykh funkіy maє na metі vіdmovu vіd ідеї рівності всіх соціальних верств суспільства, збереження в державі диревуі иірархічності. Conservatory vysnayut thorough tilki taku structure polichnichnogo upravlennya, kudi vozmozhayutsya lishe predstavniki елітарних верств суспільства. In the participants in the management hang out the representatives of the "forgiving" people, especially the robot class, through yogo nihilo shilnist to violence.

Ясна річ, аккі соціально-політичні погляди консерваторів не зовсім «вписються» in the time of science and уявлення about the nature of that law rozvitku suspilnogo zhittya. Prote їхній цілісний look at суспільство, намагання виявити його внутрирішні взаємозв'язки not zashilishsya nepomіcheniyami suspilnym dumkoju. Сучасну человену приваблює висока оцінка консервами ролі сім'ї та школи як факторів стабілізації суспільства. So, "produce a rose," a nuclear and chemical reserve, became that political "socialism", spontaneously ignored the criticism of the conservatives by the conservatives of absolutism in the social and political sphere. It is actual to be filled with pittany and about the past before the last. Відомо, що відмова від цінностей, що були створені передніми поколіннями, нехтування традиціями народю дуже expensive koshtivali nashomu suspilstvu.

Більшість виборців західних країн сьогодні підтримують консерваторів. Ale tse does not mean to see good, kotrі ім gave polity "power good": безплатної освіти, accessible medial обслуговування, пенсійного забезпечення тощо. Viddayuchi syogodnі svoї sympathy for conservatives, stench vygystyayut not for dismantling the "power good", but for її further vskoskonalennya.

And to this the policy of neoconservatives is more and more important until the end of neoliberalism.