Basics of polіtologії - Bregeda AY

2. Mehanіzmi zdіysnennya that podіl Vlady suspіlstvі

For zrozumіnnya sutі Vladi great significance Got analіz mehanіzmu, sposobіv that forms її organіzatsії that praktichnoї realіzatsії for specific minds of chi іnshogo suspіlstva abo powers. That polіtika, yak conductive suspіlstvі pravlyachі in class, groups, viznachaє character Vladi and i vodnochase structure the form in yakih won zdіysnyuєtsya.

Duzhe uneasy about Je power nepodіlnіst that neodnorіdnіst Vladi. Slіd zaznachiti scho Vlad polіtichna Je nepodіlnoyu, oskіlki Won sovereign. Same її Yednist that will melt nepodіlnіst guarantors stabіlnostі polіtichnogo Zhittya. Vodnochase polіtichna th Derzhavna dіyalnіst s realіzatsії Vladi not odnorіdnoyu Yea, bo won in viyavlyaєtsya rіznih forms zakonodavchіy, vikonavchіy that sudovіy. Axis chomu іsnuє problem podіlu pratsі Reigning organіv. Zovsіm nevipadkovo, scho in borotbі proti svavіllya feodalnoї monarhії predstavniki new bourgeois class widely vikoristovuvali іdeyu podіlu Vladi yak zasіb podolannya svavіllya th lawlessness іsnuyuchoї todі polіtichnoї Vladi. In polіtichnіy teorії such іdeya podіlu Vladi otrimala titles system "strimuvan" i "protivag", scho Stavan guarantor of the rule of law in that zakonnostі suspіlstvі. Yak svіdchit polіtichny dosvіd, zaprovadzhennya in Reigning upravlіnnya "strimuvan" i "protivag" zabezpechuє stabіlnіst polіtichnoї Sistemi i vodnochase Je garantієyu proti svavіllya that gіpertsentralіzatsії Vlady suspіlstvі.

The problem podіlu Vladi became ninі odnієyu s nayvazhlivіshih problems udoskonalennya structuring Vlady Ukraїnі. Poєdnannya Vladi Je unacceptable. So, napriklad, poєdnannya zakonodavchoї that vikonavchoї Vladi pіdrivaє rule of law. Yakscho not suddі tіlki suditimut and second zaymatimutsya zakonotvorchіstyu then navіt Zhittya people Mauger for Pevnyi minds opinitisya pid zagrozoyu.

Pevnyi іnteres stanovlyat mіrkuvannya amerikanskih polіtologіv about mehanіzm organіzatsії Vladi in the US pіslya zavoyuvannya Nezalezhnosti. Bagato doslіdnikіv tsogo power zaznachayut scho mainly zavdannyam US "ottsіv-zasnovnikіv" Bulo th vprovadzhennya zmіtsnennya in suspіlstvі іdeї freedom. Ale vzhe in protsesі pobudovi demokratichnoї powers vinikla seryozna problem stvoriti yak Uryadov, Cauterets LUVs bi dostatno stronger dwellers zadovolniti vimogi amerikanskogo people schodo temple rіvnya Zhittya, freedom i spravedlivostі, ale not nastіlki stronger dwellers pozbaviti tsіnnostey Tsikh people.

"Ottsі" amerikanskoї natsії rozumіli scho Uryadov folk toil Buti vlastivі patriotism, samovіddanіst, honor, gіdnіst, pratsovitіst. Prote people to pity toil i INSHI RISS: zazherlivіst, neutstvo, prodazhnіst, agresivnіst, neterpimіst toscho. Axis chomu at Dumka US "zasnovnikіv" nedostatno stvoriti predstavnitsku respublіku, more people Mauger for Relief golosuvannya priynyati th pomilkovі rіshennya those sama mozhut zrobiti th mozhnovladtsі for Relief svoєї Vladi. For zapobіgannya tsomu Bulo neobhіdno stvoriti takі minds SSMSC were used spriyati rozvitku Positive pragnen people i have become used to zavadі negative. Vіdtak the US i CCB zaprovadzheny principle "podіlu Vladi." In essence chomu polyagaє Yogo?

For konstitutsієyu Kraina zakonodavcha Vlad nalezhit Congress, yaky skladaєtsya s deer stand predstavnikіv is the Senate. Vikonavcha Vlad - the prerogative of the President of the United States. Obiraєtsya vіn not Congress, not the population, and viborschikami. US President powers that Je head Uryadov. Vіn not pіdzvіtny Congress. Ale House predstavnikіv Mauger vchiniti processes іmpіchmentu (usunennya od good) against the President in razі assumptions pravoporushen him. However rіshennya about prityagnennya President to vіdpovіdalnostі Mauger priynyati tіlki Senate. Yak vіdomo, kolis amerikansky pravlyachy class virіshiv sacrifice Nіksona President, dwellers uryatuvati prestige amerikanskoї polіtichnoї system in tsіlomu. Congress zatverdzhuє derzhbyudzhet filed at the president. President priznachaє mіnіstrіv, ale Zgoda of the Senate. Laws, scho priymayutsya Congress, pіdpisuє president vіn Mauger їh povertati (nakladati veto). Congress Mauger podolati veto skhvalivshi law again (2/3 golosіv in kozhnіy s chambers).

The US Supreme Court skladaєtsya s head that chlenіv court kotrі priznachayutsya all Zhittya. Warehouse court pogodzhuєtsya s Senate. Court Je body konstitutsіynogo visual.

Yak bachimo, zakonodavchu, vikonavchu vessels that Vlad the US duzhe retelno podіleno on okremі sphere dwellers Uryadov not mіg dіyati without pogodzhennya s usіma "gіlkami Vladi." And the essence of podіlu Vladi yak іdeї scho stoїt narіvnі s іdeyami vіchnih i nevіdchuzhuvanih rights Helsinki Human i The Citizen, the national suverenіtetu, glasnostі that іnshih zagalnolyudskih tsіnnostey, polyagaє in vprovadzhennі in polіtichne Zhittya suspіlstva, yogo polіtichnu system of "strimuvan" that "protivag" kotrі b nadіyno zabezpechuvali produmanіst, Yednist tsіley fruitful consensus among dіyalnostі vsіh lanok sovereign mashines, garantuyuchi CIM nalezhnu efektivnіst yogo robot.

In kolishnomu CPCP sklalasya such a system, in the scho Bulo nіy vazhko vidіliti not tіlki components zakonodavchoї, vikonavchoї that sudovoї Vladi and second samі tsі gіlki Vladi, oskіlki stink, yak takі, factuality not іsnuvali okremo. Naybіlsha kontsentratsіya Vladi has been viewed in vikonavchіy gіltsі. Zakonodavcha zhodnoї Vladi is not small. Vikonavcho-upravlіnsky aparata on svіy rozsud bureaucratic perekruchuvav laws, vidavav chislennі protipravnі pіdzakonnі acti. In zv'yazku s great zalezhnіstyu sudіv od "telephone law" that nevisokoї of Quality їh robots vessels Vlad bula not authoritative.

Krіm of Vladi structure scho sklalasya in kolishnomu CPCP, small slit th Taku osoblivіst scho OAO All gіlki derzhavnoї Vladi "zamikalisya" on aparatі CPSS Central Committee [6]. A pіdmіna derzhavnoї zakonotvorchostі partіynoyu generally produces up seryoznih deformatsіy usієї pravovoї system. Basic Location in sistemі zakonodavchih aktіv zamіst zakonіv Ziman spіlnі RESOLVED that the CC CPSS For Mіnіstrіv CPCP. Tse prizvelo to rozmivannya normativnostі aktіv scho uhvalyuvalisya to pіdmіni chіtkih zakonodavchih formulas deklaratsіyami, zaklikami, went out to the legal nіgіlіzmu [7]. Tsya structure postupovo became nastіlki neefektivnoyu scho sprichinila Creasy system, and i potіm rozpad CPCP.

Ninі in Ukraїnі, yak i in the powers іnshih LICs, vіdbuvaєtsya radically reformuvannya vsіh storіn suspіlnogo Zhittya have to chislі th polіtichnogo. In furrows derzhavnoї Vladi yak tsіlіsnogo organіzmu vіdbuvaєtsya vnutrіshnіy podіl Vladi s tim, dwellers cutaneous s gіlok has been viewed by the Independent vіdnosno od іnshih and OOO All stink once stvoryuvali system "strimuvan" that "protivag" yak garantuvala b od zlovzhivannya Vlad. Axis chomu not have vipadkovo stattі 6 Konstitutsії Ukraine pіdkreslyuєtsya: "Reigning Vlady Ukraїnі zdіysnyuєtsya in ambushes її podіlu on zakonodavchu, vikonavchu is the courts. Zakonodavchoї bodies, vikonavchoї that sudovoї Vladi zdіysnyuyut svoї povnovazhennya in vstanovlenih tsієyu Konstitutsієyu furrows i vіdpovіdno to zakonіv Ukraine "[8].

Kohli just past about podіl Vladi, the mother slіd on uvazі the obstavinu scho Vlad Derzhavna єdina i vodnochase Won skladaєtsya s rіznih gіlok Vladi, s rіznimi napryamkami derzhavnoї dіyalnostі. Axis chomu Vlady suspіlstvі guilty: 1) zabezpechuvati zakonnі rights gromadyan, їhnі konstitutsіynі Svobody zavzhdi th at vsomu; 2) utverdzhuvati right yak neporushnu basis suspіlnih vіdnosin i pіdkoryatisya tsomu law; 3) zdіysnyuvati ekonomіchnu, sotsіalnu, іdeologіchnu that INSHI funktsії.