Основи політології - Bregeda A.Yu.

Розділ IX ECONOMIC POLICY

1. Economical policy of the state that is necessary for the transition to the rinkovyh vіdnosyn at suspіlstі

Співвідношення економіки і політики є ключовим у розумінні nature of the suspilny fret, viznachalnym schodo nalіdkіv економічної та політичної діяльності [1]. A correct and balanced balance should be reserved for the economical potential of the estate, the kindness of the population, the rivet for the development of democratic processes, and in the spring for the syspilno-polichnichnaya and eco-nomic systems.

Incomplete rozumnіnnya sapivivnoshennya ekonomiki і politiki є odnієyu z reason khabnoy ehonomichnoi poliki і, як наслідок цього, - economical crisis, znizhennya zhittevogo рівня popolenenya, hronіchnogo defіtsituu prodazіvі nalogo spozhivannya, іnflyatsії. In order to meet the requirements, in the first place, the result of the one, the one-to-one organization at the economic factors, the underemployment, prinizhennya roli polichnichnogo dії to bring up the passivity of the authorities, to the strengthening of non-peasants, stihіynih processes in the suspilnom organizmі. In a different way, when a person is vilified, he is pushed to the bottom of economics, vira in the omnipotent half of the riches and gasses, pozbavlyayut polichnich kerіvnitsvno nehhіdnogo obektivnoy basis, such a rule, peretvoyuyut yogi in the kingdom of subektivism and svavillya. Yaksho in the first vypadku polity not to be rooted in the economy, then in the other - to win a share in the economy and protec- tion.

Nalezhne spivvodnoshennia ekonomiki і polotiki science viznachaє through ponimtja "ekonomichna politya" [2]. Economical Policies - tse svidoma, tsіlesprjamovana dіyalnіst sverhvnyh organіv, polіticichnyh partіy ta sppіlnyh organizatsіy in ekonomichnyi sphere, sho sdіsnjyuyutsya in the interests of suspilstva.

Економічна політика держави має кілька завчань:

• Здійснювати нормалювання економіки in the social groups, yakі muyut polichnichnu vladu;
• Pov'yazuvati, zrivnovazhuvati ekonomichnі іnteresi yak tih social groups, yakі muyut polichnichnu vladu, so і tih, kotrі not maiyut її;
• Забезпечувати функціонування всієї соціально-економічної системи в цілому (грошовий обіг, енергетика, будівництво, екологічні проблемми, infrastructures);
• Establishment and development of economic, social and economic challenges in the past, zahischayuchi ekonomichnі іnteresi vesnoї kraїni.

Відповідно до її впливу на економіку економічна політика буває трьох видів. In a nutshell, you can view the objective process of the function and the development of the economy, but the stimulus. Napriklad, skasuvannya kriposnogo law in Russia in a simple room for rozvitku kapitalizmu, nedennya nepu in the SRSD fought vidbudovi rozorenoi power and schwidom ekonomichnom rozvitku, eksonomichna polistika F. Roosevelt, vyryatvala USA vіd sotsіialno-ekonomichnogo collapse.

In a different way, the economical policy can be implemented in the most active processes of the functioning of the economy and the development of economy, pereskojati, galmuvati, and navigating the crisis situation. Napriklad, the economical policy of the capitalist powers in the 20-ti rock called up the daughters of the sky for the rosy spree of economic crises, the yak hunted the entire system of capital accumulative wealth; Administristrativno-command economical polity in the SRSD and the regions of the Scandinavia made crisis situations and in economics, and in general, the yak called for the fall of the SRSD and so-called socialistic camp. An infectious crisis has been more prevalent in Ukraine and other CIS countries [3].

On-tretє, ekonomichna polotika, viznachayuchi napryanni povyshki, shtahi that method of development of economics, can stimulate one way to develop economics and intervocity, blokuvati іnші. Taka Policies є naybіlsh gnuchko. Vona daє zmogu zalizhno vіd concrete zakonіії змінювати prіоритетність прямків розвитку економіки, від чого зить, ч bude економічна polіtica сприти обєєktivnomu protsedu ekonomichnogo rozvitku, chi, навпаки, протидіяти йому. Tsey the form of the policy є naybіlsh widened in the rozvinutyh lands to the Sunset.

The specialization of the historical development in the SRSR was called to the order of the command economy, as it was said, the command and administrative system of government. The system, which proclaimed in the course of a decade, became the main cause of stagnation, and potim and crisis, the yak was spent by a radian economy in 80-ti rock.

An alternative to the command and administrative system of government, I was discredited by myself, є rinkova ekonomika. The efficiency of the rink economy is brought to the satisfaction of [4]. Узагальнення цього досвіду уможнолює висновок, що ринкова система - цемоній засіб підвищення ефективності виробництва. Commodity-groshnye vidosnoni - provendny regulator ekonomichnogo zhittya for the minds of a self-spirited vibrobitvtva.

Перехід до ринкової економіки в Україні є вінтересах кожної людини. Taka ekonomika nareshti zabezpechit umovi for zaochochennya pratsheyubstva, creativity, iniciative, and takozh ekonomichnyi stimuli for high-quality production. Perehіd to rinku zorієntuє vibrobnitsu on the consumption of people, to create an effective mehanizm vzaimovigіdnih vidosnon vyrobnika ta spizhivacha. Popit people, but not monobol'ya vyrobnika budut viznachati, scho, in the yakіy kіlostі і yak yoshiі mіy buti otpovanovane on sales. Rinkova ekonomika pokeda edge khronіchnomu defitsitu, pіdіrve base for speculation and zlozhivan.

Проте перехід до ринку порожуіх в багатьох людей сумніви: а чi не принесе ринок анархію та стихійність, about які чимало раніше говори й й писалали? Річ у тім, що сучасне світове ринкове gosartarstvo bagato in chomu podalo pritamannu kolitshny dobі stihііnist. Behind the day's minds, on the wings of the world, the virginess of the viloyut, the science of forecasting the needs, the shaping of the populace, the separation of the great science and technology programs.

The fuss of the thorns is not the same as stihii and chaos. In vsomu sviti vin є regulovaniem. Perevazhniy varіant organizatsii ekonomichnogo zhittya - not the command system і not vinyniy rinki, but zmishana ekonomika. Power vplyiv? On the market through the budget, the system of payment, through a penny and credit policy, currency and law, legislation, stvoiyuuchi neobhіdnі umovi for rivalry, rozvitku pidpriemnitsva і t. P. [5].

It's a pity that the process of transition to the market is affected by such and such negative negations. Heads from them - zrostannia tsіn і безбоіття. And then the middle of the planning of economical changes on the road to the market mute the banks of the road before entering the park for private compensation of the population that is incurring from the payments to the families of individuals to the comrades and assistants, requesting the system of indexing the fringe income of the population (zabobitnosti pay, penny, scholarship) Zostanana spozhivchih tsin, and takozh pidvistchennya mіnimalnoy zarobitnosti pay.

Перехід до ринку требоє також підтримання зайнятості: ті, to whom it is possible to remember in a more robust way, to shy away from the party in pratsevlashtuvannі, perekvalіfіkіїі, etc. Ті, hto not zmozhe pratsevshashtuvatysya, - допомогу по безробіттю.

Otzhe, planirnyy svervvnyi vplyv on the market and to the vikoristannyam ekonomichnyh vazhelіv, securine system sotsialnogo zahistu, yaka b at pevnіy mіrі neutralized negativnyi nalіdki rinkovyh vіdnosin, є absolutely neobhіdnim. Alle all the same not a power, and the rink itself is the main regulator of an economical life.

Які ж змиіни необхідно здійснити в економіці, Щоб забезпечити перехід до ринку? Tse nasamspered zaprashnya zmishanoy ekonomiki, proizvodzhennya riznikh i rivnopravnikh forms vlasnosti, and for tsiogo - pidtrimka pidpriemnitsvva, rozderzhavlenya, privatization, and the development of competition. Efektivne funktsionuvannya rink mozhlove lishe for umovi, if the part of the goods is handled (pidpriemstv, organizatsiy) moe freedom gospodarskoi dіyalnі ta pіdpriemnitsvva. Wives are not guilty of punishment, but selfishly viznachati, yak vikoristovuvati those, nyom nalezhit, samostyno virishuvati, scho i yak virobljati. Вони самі вибирають почальників сировини, обладнання, напівфабрикатів, зв'язуються зі пожиживачами, are proud of the price. Merchandise-throwers are privately rozporyadzhayutsya pribbutkom, scho zalishaetsya pislya polati podatkiv [6].

By the method of free economic freedom in Ukraine, the Law "About Vlasnist" is praised. Gromadyans nashoi power can mate in privatniy vlasnostі zemlennі dіlyanki, zhitlovi boudinki, tsіnnі papery, pidpriemstva v spryi vibrobnitsva, obchatnogo obeslugovuvannya, gromadskogo kharchuvannya (store, їдальні тощо), in the other galusies of the gospodarstvo діяльності. Selyani - mother vlasne selyanske gosodarstvo z godararskimi budivlyami, planted on the land dilyantsi, productive that timid thinness, domestic bird, sylskogosodarskoe tehnikoyu, transport zakosoby. In the quiet sectors of the economy, in the middle and the middle of the vibro, the nenefektivnim (napriklad, in the sphere of services), private authorities can play a positive role in the development of the economy. Zgidno ziim law, a group of gromadyan mozhut bouti schotreni cooperativ, and takozh gospodarski comrades that obednennya.

The order of the newcomers of the new administrations is guilty of complying with the needs of the people. Tse not obovv'yazkovo perehіd up to індивідуальної власності: mozhliva transfer of sales of sales of power to labor collectives, co-operatives, акціонерам. The result is the stamina of the power of the collective incentive, of comradeship, of the cooperative, of the partnership partnership. Koltivtsi mozut not tilki kupuvati, and th orenduvati potentivnyi pіdpriemstva ta maino. Orenda Polagay in the Orendodavsky transferred by the orendar of the right to stay in the city and to settle the yogis on the final term and for the payment.

Can takoz stvorovatisya pіdpriєmstva, scho є vlasnistyu gromadskikh ta relіgіynikh organizatsіy, іnozemnih gromadyan ta firm, and takozh zmіshanі pіdpriєmstva. Vodnochas at the power level zalshayutsya pіdpriemstva, yakі maiyut osoblivo vozmilive znachennya zhittyzabezpechennya populyarnya kraїni abo okremih regeoniv.

Peretvorennya sovershennosti vlasnosti in kolektivnu, yaka b ruled by themselves kolektivami, vikinnennya акціонерних, cooperative, спільних і private pідприємств створиє різноманітні рівноправні формы власності.

Usim tovaroviborobnikam, irresponsibly in the form of the power of pidpriemstv, maє buti is guaranteed the self-sustainability, the freedom of reception, the non-enforcement of the organs of state control in the robot. It is important takozh zaochochuvat rivalry pomizh them, rozrobiti efektivnyi antimonopolnі zahodi, pidtrymuvati minzhu malich ta serednіh pіdpriemstv. The basis of eco-nomic issues is to mate the issues of self-esteem of self-esteem pidpriemstv - head sub'ektiv rinkovih vidosin.

One of the most important stages on the road to the river is land reform. Vaughn is spared on those who, with the help of the peasants, are in good hands with the ruler of the land, with the result of their success. Цьому сприятиме розвиток різноманітних forms власності, стреннення рівних момов для розвитку як of the collective, so іndііdіdualnogo, сімейного, орендного та часттного господарств. The administrative authority of the state administration of the sylvskosporodarsky vyrobnitsvom treb likviduvati, sho viklyuchit dictate that adminstruvnya, giving the villager vylno vibirali vyborati methods gospodarjuvannya.

Суттєві зміни on шляу до ринку відбуваються в ціноутворенні. Невід'ємним елекментом ринкової економіки є вільні ринкиі ціни, які viznachayutsya popitom that proponuvannam. A shchob perehid to such tsin buv naimensh bolimnym, neobhіdno na tsei zberegti fіksovanі tsіni na kіlka vidіv zhittєvo nehkhіdії produktsії.

The warehouse partial transition to the market is the reform of the banking system, it is spun on the securitization of self-contained commercial banks, and the same is imposed on the rest of the economy in the form of a type that is not effective in the economy and in the economies of the economy.

Ринкові відносини уможнинить поeднання ефективної системи економічного примусу до раціонального господарювання та випуску продукції вищої якості з maximize freedom of participants in the form of the method and in the economical діяльності. Nihto is not a virishuvati for a commodity robot, but it is not a vibrolyati, nor is it going to impose on you a method of dying. Lyudin i kolektivu ikh vigoda vidoda vidnisha, and pomolki prizvedat up vtat vladnogo kapitalu. Tse privchatime to oschadlivostі ta ekonomichnoї vіdpііdnostі.

In the dekoy ulyavlennya pro rinkovi vidosnoni was formulated, it is a pity, on pidstavi vlasnih enemy about the "Chorny Rinok", de kozhny bargaining chim tilki mozhe, і hapaє, skilki mozhe. Alle all tse - "antirinok", a kind of nychogo spilnogo not ma ev tsivilizovanimi rinkovymi vednosinami. Єдиний спосіб suiting such negative evidences - perehіd to normal rinku, kotriy spirtime viknennnju zdorovoї rivalry, pripovnennju prilavkіv, prikokrennu tehnichnogo progress, poivvіnovi vysokoyakіsnih kavіtyіv.

Ninishnya krizova situatsіya in Ukrainі nuzhno sobstvennya nevykladnikh zahodіv dlya stabilizatsii ekonomiki. Yak tse come in? Naybіlsh concentrated viglyadі їх було викладено в Поланні President of Ukraine to Verhovnoї Radi of Ukraine «Україна: пого у ХХІ століття. Strategy of economical and social policy for 2000-2004. " Strategic priorities for 2000-2004. In the letter to L. D. Kuchmi it is noted so:

In a nutshell. Approving mehanizmіv, yakі мають забезпечити надійні гарантії не лише остаточної стабілізації економіки, а й нобхідних передумов її прискореного зростання. Pislya mayzhe desyatirichnoy ekonomichnoi krizi, in the course of having spent a bit of a part of the economic potential, and the riven of people's lives are getting bogged down more than 2 times, without alternative, on the basis of the economical policy of the offensive periode, by the ambiguous principle that the military explosives are on the river 6- 7%. Lisha soi tempi will budetnotmi for realizatsii nevidkladnyh zavdan sotsialnoi Sphere, досягнення відчутних зрушень у піднесенні життєвого рівня поселення і передвисім малозабезпечених громадян.

In a friend. In the twentieth century, the post-industrial vector has been reconfirmed point-by-point, with head starters of a very economical rozvitka, whether it be the edge of the economy or the technology potential of science and technology and technology, the impetus for such solutions, and the vigilance of vyrobnitsva and co-existence.

За рівнем підготовки науково-технічних кадрів та фахівців вищої кваліфікації Україна належить до провідних держав світу. Nezvazhayuchi on velikі vtrati, mi prokomoglisya not deprived zberegti, but in active galuzah i suttvo zmitskniti naukovo-tehnichny ta tehnologichny potentsial.

Thirdly. Do not mensh meaningful strategichnim priorytetom є zdіysnennya active agrarian policy, approved in the perspective of Ukraine and the state of high-risk exporting through the Silesian state. Behind the minds of the zastrzhnya svitovoї foodstuffs, the problems of the sowing of wives of the effective development of the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine, the growth of the yogo rivalryprodobnostyi nabuvaye is not deprived of the national, but the international vagi.

Fourth. Вихід української економіки з кризи цілком it is natural підносить to the rank of strategic завлняня питання глибокої перебудови соціальної шарри. In particular, the context is especially important for the advancement of the onset of p'yat rocky подо podlannya іsnjuchogo ninі piece zainzhennia vartosty robochoї sili, and takozh unacceptably low rivny sotsialnih vitrat.

Taka polistika moe tisno povyazuvatisya z opratsyuvannami that prokvazhenzhennyam mehanizmiv, sprymovani on pidvishchenya produktivnosti praci. Відтак траєкторія въженження України in the onset of the table with a well-known world, it is timed, and the problem of economical zoning [7] will arise.