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The organization of production - AS Kurochkin

1.3. The production structure of the enterprise

The production structure of the enterprise and its determinants

The production structure - a structure controlled units of the production system (sites, shops etc.), Having technological and (or) cooperating relationships. The production structure reflects the composition of production units as a control object.

In accordance with the division of production processes in the main, auxiliary and service enterprises to distinguish between the main, auxiliary and service production and, accordingly, the main, auxiliary and service shops and the farms involved are usually the primary processing of waste production.

Estimated production structure engineering enterprise is shown in Fig. 4.

The production structure of industries vary widely, depending on the predominance of factors under the influence of which it is composed. Consider the most important of them.

Design and technological features of the product, its form is determined by the nature of production processes and thus not

Fig. 4. Estimated production structure engineering enterprise

indirectly affect the composition of the main shops. Thus, the extractive industries are complicated though, but one-step structure; manufacturing enterprises have a multi-step production structure more often. The more complex the design and manufacture of technology products, the harder-internal relationships and dependencies, branched structure of the enterprise. Dimensions and weight of the products also significantly affect the structure of the enterprise, as largely determine the types of process equipment, dimensions and design of buildings, vehicles, size and composition of the storage facilities.

In the production structure significantly affects the volume of production, which refers to the number of product specific name, size and performance, manufactured or repaired now or divisions within the planned time period.

In the production structure of the enterprise significantly affect its specialization and cooperation with other companies. The higher the level of specialization of the enterprise, the more homogeneous products it produces, the ceteris paribus less in its composition dissimilar production plants and easier production structure, and conversely, the more versatile the company, the more complex branching and its structure. Co-operation with other companies limits the diversity of its production processes and eliminates the need for its composition of various departments.

In the industrial structure affects and other factors. Influence of the level of mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes is manifested in the fact that the complex-mechanized and automated enterprises are composed of a system of machines, in-line and automated production lines. For such enterprises are characterized by subject-closed shops and sites.

Influence of the location area of ​​the company is that enterprises located in the industrial centers, not necessarily the developed industrial structure, which have forced enterprises in remote and developed areas. The above factors are closely related, and often impossible to clearly separate the effect of one particular factor from others.

Along with the production should be distinguished and the overall structure of the enterprise, which covers the production units and service enterprise management departments (design, engineering, planning, and others.).

Types of industrial structures

The primary element in the organization of the production process is the workplace. It is a part of the production area, equipped with the necessary equipment, tools and devices through which a worker or group of workers (team) perform separate operations for the manufacture of the products or services the production process.

The nature and characteristics of the workplace largely determine the type of production structure. It can be simple (a work serving one machine), mnogostanochnym (business serves several machines) or collective (at one workplace employs more workers).

The set of geographically separate jobs that are running technologically homogeneous or work carried out various operations for the manufacture of similar products, form a production site. In large and medium-sized enterprises manufacturing sites together in guilds. The shop is a production, geographically and administratively separate division of the company, which performs a specific set of works in accordance with the in-plant specialization.

For the main production shops are shops that produce the company's products (finished products, components, parts or semi-finished products):

• machine-building plants - foundries, forging and presso-high, mechanical assembly;

• metallurgical - domain, steelmaking, rolling;

• on the shoe and garment factories - zakroynye and sewing.

The number of plants depends on the type of manufactured products, and enterprise-level specialization. Sometimes in large enterprises uniform shops are combined in the body. For small businesses with relatively simple production process used bestsehovaya structure where the largest production unit of the company is production area. There are workshops, bestsehovuyu and cabinet production structures (Fig. 5).

In enterprises with a multi-stage production, where raw materials are processed sequentially (metallurgy, textile industry), creates divisions (redistributions), combining a certain part of the production process. The result is a finished part of the finished product (iron, steel, rolled steel, yarn, and so on. D.). In the structure of such enterprises called Kombinatskaya.

Fig. 5. Types of industrial structure:

and - the guild; b - bestsehovaya; in - cabinet