home Management The organization of production - AS Kurochkin

The organization of production - AS Kurochkin

The reserve production capacity

where K - coefficient, which reflects the increasing complexity of (mill-to-mashinoemkosti) new products that will be produced at these facilities.

For a more complete characterization of the capacity figures given above are complemented by a system other indicators characterizing the different aspects of the production equipment. Note that they are specific to each sector of the economy.

Factor extensive load equipment (Ke) characterizes the use of the equipment in time and determined by the ratio of actual work time fund equipment (Ff) (shift, day, month, year) to fund the planned effective operating time (Fe) in the same period:

Factor heavy load equipment (Kn) describes the use of equipment performance (capacity) per unit of time and is determined by the ratio of the actual volume of output (work) per unit of time (hour) (Bf) to the fixed rate of production output (Bn) (or to the maximum possible volume of output):

For equipment with electric drive, factor heavy load equipment can be determined by power consumption (in the literature, this figure is called coefficient of using power equipment):

where W - power consumption equipment having electric, for the analyzed period, kWh; Tm - engine operating time for the analyzed period, h; N (t) - the electric power installed on this equipment, kW.

The product of extensive and intensive factors of equipment gives the total load of the level of use of the equipment both in performance and on time:

Depending on the level of continuity of the production process (continuous or discontinuous) hardware utilization is assessed by various parameters - the coefficient of shift work equipment and load factor (utilization) units.

Ratio shift operation of the equipment (K) is used to assess the level of utilization of equipment and calculation of the production capacity of enterprises with discontinuous production process. It is determined by the ratio of the number of shifts of used cars (or machine-hours) tc the total number of machines (cars, machinery), assigned to the site, shop, now (N):

The load factor (utilization) units, machinery, plant, equipment (Ks) is used to assess the level of utilization of the equipment of enterprises with continuous production process and is determined by the formula

where B - the annual volume of output in physical units; P - set (design) daily (hourly) performance piece of equipment in appropriate physical units; $ G - annual real time units equipment fund, d (h).

To determine the level of utilization of the production area is used several indicators: coefficient extensive download area of ​​the site work, shop; coefficient of heavy loading of the same areas, and others. But the most succinct indicator in many sectors of the economy is the removal of products from the production area of ​​1 m2. It is defined as the ratio of output to the production area.

Along with the quantitative indices are widely used cost, including the general indicator is the return on assets. This figure is determined by dividing the cost of commercial products on the average annual value of fixed assets. It is also widely used indicator, the return of capital productivity - capital intensity of production. It shows the cost of fixed assets 1 UAH output. For example, if the return on assets ratio is 4 UAH marketable products, then the capital ratio will be 25 kopecks. 1 USD of commodity products (1/4 = 0.25).

Capital productivity is used in the analysis of the level of fixed production assets, justifying the planned production volumes and growth of new capacities. Capital intensity of production is used in pricing, the development of long-term plans, selecting the most effective ways of technological progress.

Ways to improve capacity utilization

Capital productivity reflects the actual performance of existing fixed assets, allowing you to compare the costs for their creation with the results of their operation. The increase in the return on assets provides a huge payoff because it provides to existing enterprises additional increase in output. (Keep in mind that the highest return on assets provides manual labor. However, it is the least productive. Manual labor facilities increases its asset performance, but reduces the return on assets.)

The main ways of increasing the return on assets, and consequently, more efficient use of production capacity (on an example of industrial enterprises) are:

• modernization of the enterprise;

• renewal and modernization of the equipment;

• Increasing the extensive load equipment;

• accelerate the replacement of obsolete equipment;

• Increasing the degree of contingency in the capacity of the existing departments, sections, groups of equipment;

• intensification of production processes;

• deepening and development of specialization and cooperation of enterprises.

The level of capacity utilization depends primarily on the level of organization of the production process, providing a continuous and smooth operation with a maximum load of equipment and production areas. (Rhythm of production - is the level of uniformity of output for the year, month, day, change the rhythmic output provides better utilization of production capacity, is the basis of high quality products and timely implementation of obligations to consumers now..)

Increase the shift index of equipment is always the most important reserve for increasing return on assets. It shows the degree of loading equipment over time. For example, machine shop 200, in the first shift, they all work in the second - 100, and the third - 80 machines. In this case, the shift index of equipment

(200 + 100 + 80) 200 = 1.9.

As you can see, each machine at the maximum possible rate of shifts equal to 3, actually worked on average only 1.9 change (about 63%). Increasing shift coefficient allows the same equipment to increase the number of products.

Along with the factors at the enterprises there are significant equipment downtime and other reasons. Here are the main ones:

• shortcomings in the organization of repair of equipment;

• Violation of production and technological discipline;

• the existence of "bottlenecks" in the production process;

• Poor logistics, the main production;

• shortcomings in the organization of tool management.

Addressing these and other factors contribute to an increase in production capacity in a relatively short period of time and the increase in the volume of output. The increase in output at the existing equipment is achieved by:

• improve the quality of the processed raw materials;

• the introduction of new technological processes;

• modernization of equipment;

• extensive use of best practices from other companies collectives.

In conclusion, we emphasize that in the transition to a market economy enterprises must continually update the production capacity at the forefront of technical and technological base, build and implement a program of continuous modernization of material-technical base, to concentrate efforts and resources on technical re-equipment and reconstruction of production. Technical re-equipment, reconstruction, renovation and expansion of the material and technical base of the enterprise carried out at their own expense - production development fund, innovation fund science and technology, the bank's loans. This requires careful calculations and studies the feasibility of planned measures to upgrade and reconstruction of the production, use for many of the economic indicators, the main of which were discussed earlier. In addition, economic indicators should take into account the condition and age of the dynamics of productive assets, the level of use and the degree of wear, the volume of technical re-equipment and reconstruction.

Control questions and tasks

1. Organizational, working environment and economic relations conditional on the release of the enterprise as the main component of the economy. The aims and objectives of the enterprise.

2. The enterprise as a production system. The characteristic features and properties of the production system.

3. The evolution of the category "Organization of production". The tasks of organizing production.

4. In the example of the enterprise, analyze production and the overall structure. Thereby increasing the efficiency of their operation?

5. The concept of capacity. The factors that determine its value.

6. Make the production capacity balance. The factors that determine its value.

7. Determine the optimum production program using the linear programming method.

8. Ways to improve the use of production capacity and the basic production assets.