Receptionists pratsі - Moskalova VM

4.3 Zabrudnennya povіtryanogo seredovischa shkіdlivimi rechovinami

4.3.1 Virobnichy saws

Subject dіyalnіst Helsinki Human sprichinyaє nadhodzhennya in povіtryane seredovische virobnichih primіschen saw. Zabrudnennya povіtryanogo seredovischa pylome obumovleno nevіdpovіdnіstyu mіzh rozvitkom Promyslova virobnitstva that tehnіchnimi zasobami cleaning yogo vіdhodіv.

Peel - tse ponyattya scho viznachaє fіzichny camp rechovini, podrіbnenoї on malenkі chastki.

For pohodzhennyam podіlyaєtsya drank two class:

  • organіchny: Roslin (derev'yany, bavovnyany) tvarinny (kіstkovy, vovnyany), piece (of plastic);
  • neorganіchny: mіneralny (Quartz, silіkatny) metalevy (The Iron, alyumіnієvy).

Peel vіdnositsya to aerodispersnih systems and vіdtak Got zdatnіst perebuvati have hung stanі. Stupіn dispersnostі saw viznachaє trivalіst perebuvannya Yogo at povіtrі that Glibin proniknennya in dihalnі and Roads.

For dispersnіstyu drank buvaє:

  • Visibility> 10 microns;
  • mіkroskopіchny <10-0,25mkm;
  • ultramіkroskopіchny <0,25mkm.

For the way utvorennya rozrіznyayut aerozolі dezіntegratsії i kondensatsії.

Aerozolі dezіntegratsії utvoryuyutsya pid hour podrіbnennya solid rechovin i skladayutsya s pilinok great rozmіrіv.

Aerozolі kondensatsії utvoryuyutsya s bet that metalіv їh spoluk, SSMSC pid hour oholodzhennya will melt solid chastkami, rozmіri yakih uniquely menshі nіzh aerozolіv dezіntegratsії.

Exposure The saw on the Helsinki Human organіzm deposits od yogo junction of two physical-hіmіchnih vlastivostey, trivalostі vplivu that kontsentratsії. Danі about kontsentratsіyu saw give uyavu about stupіn zabrudnennya povіtrya i about ymovіrnіst fіbrogennoї, podraznyuyuchoї toksichnoї dії i saw on the Helsinki Human organіzm.

Naybіlshu fіbrogennu dіyu toil aerozolі dezіntegratsії s rozmіrom chastok to 5 microns that aerozolі kondensatsії s chastkami Mensch for 0,3-0,4mkm. Pong nayglibshe pronikayut i naydovshe zatrimuyutsya legenіv in the alveoli.

Fallow od agresivnostі saw mozhut rozvivatis spetsifіchnі (fіbrozi) i nespetsifіchnі patologіchnі legenevі Process (tuberkuloz. Cancer).

Rozvitok profesіynih zahvoryuvan pochinaєtsya pіslya nakopichennya saw in the alveoli, in drіbnih lіmfatichnih vuzlah i during lіmfatichnih sudin. Nakopichennya saw generally produces up rozrostannya spoluchenoї tkanini scho Veda postupovo torn down to funktsії legenіv i insertions. Spoluchna tkanina zmorschuєtsya, utvoryuє rubtsі, zdavlyuє sudini, porushuyuchi funktsіyu dihannya that krovoobіgu. So rozvivaєtsya picture legenevogo fіbrozu, vіdomogo yak pneumoconiosis (od gretsk. Pneumon- legenі that conia-saws). Pid CIM termіnom rozumіyut chislennі Vidi pilovih legenevih fіbrozіv.

For the Ministry of Health klasifіkatsієyu pneumoconiosis podіlyayut on shіst Group: silіkoz, silіkatoz, metalokonіoz, karbokonіoz, pneumoconiosis od zmіshanogo i saw pneumoconiosis od organіchnogo saw.

Nayposhirenіshim Sered vsіh pnevmokonіozіv Je silіkoz, yaky rozvivaєtsya todі, if Person of vdihaє drank quartz, scho mіstit kremnіy in vіlnomu stanі. When tsomu zahvoryuvannі urazhaєtsya all organіzm, prignіchuєtsya funktsіya nervovoї system vіdchuttya Smakova, hearing that shkіryanogo analіzatorіv i t. Іn.

Take the pnevmokonіozіv rіznі, ale vsіm їm pritamannі zagalnі RISS: zadishka, bіl i have breasts of a strong cough. In progresuyuchih forms legenevih pnevmokonіozіv vinikaє legeneva nedostatnіst - zmenshuєtsya legeneva ventilation, skorochuєtsya hour zatrimki dihannya.

Okrіm vische Description drank Mauger prizvesti to rozvitku profesіynih bronhіtіv, pnevmonіy, astmatichnih rinіtіv, bronhіalnoї asthma konyuktivіtіv, urazhennya shkіri (dermіti).

Peel Mauger viyavlyati purely mehanіchnu dіyu - podraznyuvati slizovі obolonki dihalnih shlyahіv is the eyes, porushuvati tsіlіsnіst shkіri i stvoryuvati vhіdnі gate for іnfektsіynih zbudnikіv.

Zapobіgannya profesіynoї pilovoї patologії zvoditsya to tehnologіchnih, tehnіchnih, sanіtarno gіgієnіchnih i-health profіlaktichnih zahodіv.

Efektivnosti sunset Borotba s pylome Je distantsіyne upravlіnnya tehnologіchnimi processes. Nadіyno virіshuє power Borotba s pylome germetizatsіya obladnannya, іzolyatsіya serrate materіalіv, mehanіzatsіya pratsі.

Sanіtarno-gіgієnіchnі come in ґruntuyutsya on pravilnіy ekspluatatsії ustatkuvannya th systematically kontrolyuvannі vmіstu saw in povіtrі virobnichih primіschen.

Before Collective zasobіv Zahist nalezhit ventilyatsії system scho zabezpechuє rozbavlennya pilovogo aerozolyu vidalennya th yogo for mezhі robochoї Zoni.

For profіlaktiki pilovih zahvoryuvan vikoristovuyut іndivіdualnі zasobi Zahist - respіratori, spetsіalnі Sholom th spacesuit s innings before them pure povіtrya and takozh's Glasses that spetsodyag.

Medical profіlaktichnі come in (poperednі th perіodichnі medichnі look around pratsіvnikіv) toil great significance in borotbі s pilovoyu profesіynoyu patologієyu.

For sanіtarnoї otsіnki povіtryanogo seredovischa vazhlive values ​​Got systematic control of the saw nayavnіstyu povіtrі robochoї Zoni, scho daє mozhlivіst oharakterizuvati povіtryane seredovische th nakresliti Roads Ahead yogo normalіzatsії.