Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

2.1.2. FІLOSOFSKІ VCHENNYA DZHAYNІZMU TA Buddhism

In Persha tisyacholіttі BC. e. in davnoіndіyskomu suspіlstvі vіdbuvayutsya znachnі sotsіalno-ekonomіchnі zmіni. Traditsіyny vedichny ri-tualіzm not vіdpovіdaє novim minds. Vinikaє low novih doctrines i Sered them vseіndіyske values ​​zdobuvayut vchennya dzhaynіzmu i Buddhism. The founder dzhaynіzmu (termіn od like the word "gin" -peremozhets) vvazhaєtsya Mahavіra Vardhamana, yaky alive in Article VI. BC. . E Vіn virіs in zamozhnіy sіm'ї; if Yomou vipovnilosya 28 rokіv, zalishiv rіdny Dim i pіslya dvanadtsyati rokіv blukan i ascetic Zhittya was slain at the basis of the new svoїh Prace fіlosofskogo vchennya. In dzhaynіzmі, yak i in bagatoh іnshih davnoіndіyskih schools relіgіynі Zakoni poєdnuyutsya s fіlosofskimi Look, scho progoloshuyut dualіzm. Sutnіst Helsinki Human, zgіdno s dzhaynіzmom, skladaєtsya s dvoh Chastain - materіalnoї (ajiva) i duhovnoї (Jiva). Spoluchnoyu Lanka mіzh them vistupaє karma

Karma - tse thin materіya scho utvoryuє її tіlo i z'єdnuє soul materієyu s rough. In rezultatі vinikaє zhivy іndivіd. Karma whole hour suprovodzhuє capita neskіnchennomu number pererodzhen. Dzhaynіsti doskonalo rozrobili teorіyu karmis i rozrіznyayut vіsіm vidіv karmas. Pong podіlyayutsya on Dobri that lihі. Dobri karmis utrimuyut soul in cycles pererodzhen. Lihі karmis negatively vplivayut on osnovnі vlastivostі dushі, SSMSC Won Got in svoїy naturalnіy formі. Coley Person of povnіstyu zvіlnyaєtsya od i dashing good karma, Won staє zvіlnenoyu osobistіstyu.

"Zavdyaki schedrostі moralnostі i ti prinosish korist іnshim, zavdyaki terpimostі i rіshuchostі - korist sobі".

Nagarjuna

On Dumka dzhaynіstіv, tіlki Person of Mauger virіshiti scho Takeo good evil i i chogo vіdnesti to all those in scho zustrіchaєtsya zhittі. Relief for the Person of Mauger duhovnoї sutnostі keruvati materіalnoyu sutnіstyu i kontrolyuvati її.

Zvіlnennya Helsinki Human od vplivu karmas mozhlive tіlki through zdіysnennya Welcome ref i Suvorov asceticism. In zv'yazku s CIM stvoryuєtsya etika, yak nazivaєtsya Triratna (three dorogotsіnnostі). We talk about the correct nіy pіznannya, right knowledge, right Zhittya, obumovlenі correctly rozumіnnyam vіri. On dzhaynіstіv Dumka, austerities bіlshoyu chi Mensch mіroyu Je Zhittya correctly. Pong vvazhayut scho Person of Mauger zvіlnitisya tіlki itself i їy nіhto not Mauger in tsomu dopomogti. According sutі etika dzhaynіzmu - egotsentrichna.

In Article VI. BC. . e in Pіvnіchnіy Іndії vinikaє Buddhism - vchennya, zasnovnikom yakogo CCB Sіddhartha Gautama (583-483 BC pp e...), blue ruler provіntsії Kapіlavasta (Pivdenna Chastina Nepal). Yogo narodzhennya koshtuvalo materі Zhittya. Nemovlyatі prorokuvali, scho if vono viroste, the camp-Chentsov ascetic Yakscho pobachit ailments, the Old Man of the Dead i. Batko target for Sina chudovі minds for Zhittya, i Sіddhartha not znav about Yogo tіnovy bіk. At Demba boule horoshі zhіnka i syn. Ale yakos vіn pobachiv ailing, potіm old potіm pokіynika and potіm Chentsov ascetic. Strazhdannya in zhittі, SSMSC vіdkrilis before Gautama, yogo at once, i s one nights vіn utіk, pomіnyavshis odyagom іz servant, i zagubivsya Sered people.

Gautam vivchaє Vedi i Veda ascetic sposіb Zhittya. Pіslya Dovgy rokіv marnoї austerity kolishnіy Prince sіdaє pid tree i virіshuє scho s not zrushit Georeferencing, Pokey is not about dіznaєtsya bunt Zhittya truth. On the fourth day at the Demba zіyshlo prosvіtlіnnya, i Sіddhartha becoming Buddha, tobto "prosvіtlenim". Postupovo Navkolo of Buddha zіbralos bagato uchnіv, utvorilas buddіyska community.

In tsentrі buddistskogo vchennya lie Vier blagorodnі іstini. • Zhittya Je strazhdannya: narodzhennya - strazhdannya, hvoroba -strazhdannya death - strazhdannya, vtrata priєmnogo - strazhdannya,

"Yakscho htos pobachit sage, yaky vkazuє on nedolіki i dorіkaє for them, let them vіn іde of such sages, yak for the note, hto vkazuє way to belongings. Maintained upstream, not bude gіrshe fact hto slіduє for this. "

Buddha

Ulyublena gras of Buddha s uchnyami: vіn throws at Prostir odne yak nebudu vipadkove word and uchnі pіdhoplyuvali yogo i rozvivali cutaneous tsіlu from Dumka.

nevikonannya Bazhannya - strazhdannya.

• Reasons strazhdannya Je Bazhannya (trshna), yak Veda through radoschі that pristrastі to pererodzhennya, narodzhennya znovu.

• Usunennya reasons strazhdan polyagaє in usunennі tsogo Bazhannya.

• Shlyakhov scho Veda to usunennya strazhdan, Je sudzhennya correctly, right rіshennya, mova correct, right Zhittya, right pragnennya, correct uwagi, right zoseredzhennya. Zaperechuєtsya yak Zhittya, prisvyachene chuttєvim zadovolennyam so i Way austerities.

Pripinennya strazhdan nastaє todі, if Person of pozbavlyaєtsya od slіpoї prihilnostі to earth Zhittya scho zaluchaє її in svіy vіchny potіk podіy, SSMSC ydut one by one odnoyu i porodzhuyut one. Tsey camp zgasannya, damping oholodzhennya addicted i Bazhanov nazivaєtsya in buddizmі nіrvanoyu. HEAD uwagi Buddhism pridіlyaє dosyagnennyu tsogo will through the "righteousness" Zhittya i zasvoєnnya іstini about vіchnu zmіnnіst Butt.

The basis of "righteous" Je Zhittya more precise i bezzaperechne dotrimannya rules moralі - p'yati Celebrities buddіyskih zapovіdey, yakih povinnі dotrimuvatis chentsі yak, so i zvichaynі Buddhists. Tsі zapovіdі takі: 1 - not shkoditi zhivim іstotam; 2 - not to take someone else's; 3 - utrimuvatisya od zaboronenih statevih kontaktіv; 4 - not lead bezgluzdih i brehlivih ROZMA; 5 - not vzhivati ​​alcoholic napoїv.

Correct zoseredzhenіst harakterizuєtsya for Relief chotiroh stupenіv pogliblennya (jana) i nalezhit to meditatsії i meditatsіynoї practice. Person of, yak proyshla OAO All stadії high road i priyshla to zvіlnennya svіdomostі for Relief meditatsії, oderzhuvala title of arhat, holy, yaky nіrvani reachable.

Buddhism s Іndії poshiryuєtsya on ostrіv Ceylon (Shrі Lanka), and in bіlsh pіznіy perіod - through China Skhid. Sogodnі Buddhism - one s troh svіtovih relіgіy.