Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

2.2.3. Confucianism

In III century. BC. e. vіdbulosya ob'єdnannya China, i formal іmperatorska Vlad napovnilas real zmіstom. Tse zooms formuvannya novih poglyadіv on nature's World i Lyudin.

Sered mainly fіlosofskih napryamіv tsogo perіodu slіd nazvati nasampered Confucianism. Yogo zasnovnik Konfutsіy (latinіzovana versіya іmenі Kong Fuji - vchitel Kuhn, pp 551-479 BC f...) Is like іz znatnoї, ale rozorenoї sіm'ї. Vіdomo, Konfutsіy scho LUVs at Rudnick kingdom pravitelі Lu and potіm, dobrovіlno pіshovshi in vіdstavku, protyagom bagatoh rokіv mandruvav kraїnami Shіdnogo China. Konfutsіy zaymavsya vporyadkuvannyam starodavnіh books Yomou nalezhit redaktsіya "Books pіsen" komentarіv to "Books peremіn", "Lіtopisіv" kingdom of Lu. Yogo vlasnі Look vikladeno bunt rank in knizі "Besіdi about sudzhennya" ukladenіy poslіdovnikami Konfutsіya іz vislovlyuvan i povchan teacher that yogo nayblizhchih uchnіv.

Konfutsіy, zanepokoєny rozkladom suspіlstva, zoseredzhuє uwagi on vihovannі in Helsinki Human dusі povagi i shanoblivostі to navkolishnіh to suspіlstva. In yogo sotsіalnіy etitsі Lyudin Je osobistіstyu not "for itself", but for suspіlstva. Etika Konfutsіya rozumіє Lyudin yak provіdnika sotsіalnoї funktsії and vihovannya - yak gіdnu povedіnku in Helsinki Human vikonannі tsієї funktsії. Taqiy pіdhіd MAV great significance for sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo vporyadkuvannya Zhittya in agricultural Kitaї, ale vіn vіv to reduktsії іndivіdualnogo Zhittya to specific sotsіalnogo encampments i dіyalnostі. Іndivіd CCB funktsієyu in sotsіalnomu organіzmі suspіlstva.

Pochatkova values ​​ponyattya "order" (lі) vіdnoshen yak-specific regulations, Act reasonably, right i obov'yazkіv Konfutsіy pіdnosit to rіvnya zrazkovoї іdeї. The order in Demba vstanovlyuєtsya zavdyaki іdealnіy vsezagalnostі, representations to the Helsinki Human Nature i, zokrema, vіdnosinam mіzh people. Procedure vistupaє upmost kategorіya yak, scho vklyuchaє a rule zovnіshnoї povedіnki - etiket. Spravzhnє dotrimannya order to Veda vіdpovіdnogo vikonannya obov'yazkіv. Procedure napovnyuєtsya dobrochinnіstyu (de).

Tacke vikonannya funktsіy on osnovі order neobhіdnіstyu s lead to viyavlennya lyudyanostі (zhen). Lyudyanіst - Basic s usіh vimog, SSMSC be up to Helsinki Human. Lyudske іsnuvannya bachitsya nastіlki sotsіalnim, scho not Mauger vono obhoditis without regulyatorіv, vikladenih as follows:

• dopomagay іnshim dosyagti of chogo b ti himself hotіv dosyagti;

• chogo not bazhaєsh sobі, in order not іnshim Roby.

People vіdrіznyayutsya for sіmeynim and potіm for sotsіalnim pitched. W sіmeynih patrіarhalnih vіdnosin Konfutsіy vivodit principle sinіvskoї i braterskoї dobrochinnostі (xiao minute). Sotsіalnі vіdnosini Je paralelli vіdnosin sіmeynih. Pіddanogo representations to the governor, to pіdleglogo kerіvnika Takeo Well SAME, yak representations to dad i sina molodshogo brother to the older.

- Ti mene vvazhaєsh bagato-vchenim? - Spital yakos Konfutsіy uchnya.

- A hіba ni? - Vіdpovіv that.

- Ni - Konfutsіy saying - I deprivation zv'yazuyu all odne.

For dotrimannya subordinatsії i order Konfutsіy viroblyaє principle spravedlivostі vipravlennya that (i). Spravedlivіst that vipravlennya not pov'yazuyutsya s ontologіchnim rozumіnnyam іstini. Person of the blame for repairs so yak i zobov'yazuє order її encampment. Zrazkova, vipravlena povedіnka - tse povedіnka in order dotrimannі i lyudyanostі, oskіlki "noble man rozumієtsya to ensure scho Yea zrazkovim so very, yak people malenkі rozumіyutsya to ensure scho Yea vigіdnim". So Je Way (Tao) osvіchenih, SSMSC volodіyut moral power (de) i Yakima dovіryatimetsya upravlіnnya suspіlstvom.

For vstanovlennya suvoroї subordinatsії vseredinі suspіlstva i usunennya mіzhusobnoї vorozhnechі Sered znatі Konfutsіy visuvaє takі etichnі. regulations:

• povaga to batkіv (xiao);

• povaga to elder brother (dі);

• vіrnіst ruler i svoєmu Ruler (Zhun) that іn.

Nadayuchi vazhlivogo values ​​navchannyu that vihovannyu, Konfutsіy of order vvazhaє s tim, scho deprivation predstavniki aristokratії mozhut volodіti mudrіstyu, yak Yea naslіdkom їh vrodzhenogo knowledge scho Yea vischim kind of knowledge. Viznayuchi іsnuvannya "Volodar sky" i duhіv, Konfutsіy vіriv at stake.

In Article II. BC. e. for іmperatora U-Zi Bulo fun- konfutsіanstva kanonіzovano that progolosheno ofіtsіynoyu іdeologієyu and most Konfutsіya Bulo zarahovano to bogіv ranks.

• Prodovzhiv rozvivati ​​vchennya Konfutsіya Myung-Ji (Menke,. Pp 372-289 BC f..). Vіn target kontseptsіyu lyudskoї nature and takozh i kontseptsіyu moral good representation osvіchenogo to tsogo good. Pid rozumієtsya good order (lі) yaky іde Pevnyi Shlyakhov (dao). Lyudska nature zgіdno s Myung-Ji, nadіlena good, Hoca i tsya nature not zavzhdi proyavlyaєtsya. Benefit in kozhnіy lyudinі Mauger realіzovuvatis through Vier dobrochinnostі in osnovі yakih lezhit knowledge oskіlki pіznannya order speeches svitu i Helsinki Human Veda to realіzatsії in suspіlstvі:

• lyudyanostі (jen);

• pravdivostі (i);

• vvіchlivostі (lі);

• knowledge (zhi).

Chi-Gong (Doctrine Konfutsіya) saying povtoryuyuchi vchitelya: "Those chogo I do not want dwellers robili meni, I do not want ROBIT іnshim". Konfutsіy on tse vіdpovіv "Tsogo dosyagti nemozhlivo".

Myung-Ji poslіdovno conduct principle sinіvskoї i braterskoї dobrochinnostі (xiao minute). For Vlad ruler characteristic Je principle lyudyanostі (zhen zheng). Yakscho ruler іgnoruє Tsey principle and NKVD force dan knowledge zamіnyuє tiranієyu (ba) the right of the people yogo Got usunuti. Myung-Ji vvazhaє scho Person of іsnuє zavdyaki heaven (Tien) i yogo ago Je Chastain, so very, yak i nature. Vіdmіnnіst mіzh Tien, yak povіdomlyaє lyudinі about nature її іsnuvannya, i Person of Mauger Buti znyata kultivuvannyam tsієї nature to dosyagnennya chistoї form.

Zmіnnostі elementіv vіdpovіdaє zmіna dinastіy in suspіlstvі: cutaneous dinastіya edit pid sign Pevnyi Elements. Prostorovі, chasovі that INSHI z'єdnuyutsya characteristics in a group - by p'yat vіdpovіdno to Pevnyi elementіv. So rank, uves's World is staying in garmonії. In razі torn down in garmonії yakіy nebudu s Tsikh whole group mehanіzm svitu opinyaєtsya in stanі disgarmonії.

• Headache prodovzhuvachem konfutsіanstva becoming Dong Zhongshu (179-104 pp. BC. E.). Tlumachachi vchennya about p'yat elementіv, fіlosof robit visnovok scho bozhestvennі heaven svіdomo i tsіlespryamovano viznachayut rozvitok i zmіnu dіysnostі, order svitu, povіdomlyayut moralnі people about the law, and the Way (Tao) of the speeches pryamuє nayvischim in ієrarhії Shlyakhov sky (tian dao) . Fіlosof dіlit іmanentno vlastivy speeches vpliv "іn" i "yang" to bet in yakih panuє pіdleglostі phone reception. Qiu Well scheme vіn transferred to lyudske suspіlstvo Where Money Does, zgіdno s klasichnoyu konfutsіanskoyu scheme dіє p'yat standards sinіvskoї dobrochinnostі (xiao minute):

• lyudyanіst (jen);

• pravdivіst (i);

• vvіchlivіst (lі);

• mudrіst (tszhi);

• schiroserdnіst (sіn). Neobmezhene poєdnannya speeches

i understand dovershuєtsya їh klasifіkatsієyu s vikoristannyam p'yati

"Ti, hto Got vrodzhenі knowledge vische stand for vsіh. Behind them ydut Ti, hto zdobuvaє Znannya zavdyaki navchannyu. Dali ydut Ti, hto takes for navchannya, zustrіvshis іz trudnoschami. Well Ti, hto, zustrіvshis іz trudnoschami not aPTT, stand nizhche vsіh ".

Konfutsіy

elementіv, yak bring to zakіnchenostі fіlosofіyu vsesvіtnogo ob'єdnannya vsogo suschogo.

Lіnіyu konfutsіanstva prodovzhuє fіlosofіya Wang Chong (27-107 pp. BC. E.). Axis yogo golovnі postulates:

• nayvischim stage pіznannya Je mislennya more precise, yak ostannіm serve as proof;

• reliance on tіlki chuttya Veda to pomilok, Mauger deprivation Rozum pіznavati rechі;

• іstina - not yakas іdealna konstruktsіya. Vaughn mіstitsya speeches in svіtі i;

• potrіbno keruvatisya dіysnіstyu, not the principles of Helsinki Human.

Zgіdno s Look Wang Chun, Je Svit poєdnannyam sky i zemlі, їh materіalnoї energії (tsі). Vnutrіshnіy ruh speeches i zovnіshnya vporyadkovanіst vіdnoshen in svіtі mіzh speeches vinikaє zavdyaki vplivu printsipіv "іn" i "yang". So needless tsі fun- dіyut i in suspіlstvі. Tim himself pіdkreslyuєtsya prirodnіst rozvitku Helsinki Human yak chastki svitu.