Філософія: мислителі, ідеї, концепції - Kremen V.G.

2.2.4. MOZZM I LEGISM

We will expand the philosophical strains of the Bouvetism , but its name for the names of the founder Mo-Dі (479-391 rubles BC). The head of respect in life is attached to the problems of social and ethics, in which everything is strictly regulated. Фізична праця в школі Мо-Ді забезпечувала харчами її учнів. Sens navchannya in schools, vbachatsya in ideology zagalnoy lyubovі і uspіhu, vzєmnnoy korisnostі. Teorotichne doslenija - zaiva rokkish; Pragmatic dotsilnist, pledged to work diyalnosti, є neobhіdnіstyu. Mo-Di recognizing the will of the heavens, yaka is small vlyvali na otverdzhennya monistic principles.

Zou-Yan creating the concept of rozvitku svitu, the basis of the anchored p'yat elementiv, scho zminuyut one: water, vogon, wood, metal, earth. Elementi zminivayutsya vidpovidno to his character, viznachuvanogo by force. For the sake of tiiei, the stinkers wade through one of the following in this order: the earth; A tree, but a land; Metal, a kind of tree; Vogon, a kind of metal; Water, yaka peremagae vogon; The earth is strong, and the water rinses the water.

The schoolchildren of the school were liable to problems of social and economic governance. Згідно з їхнім ученыням, the order of susinstvі - tse lishe суто зовнішнє приховування недоліків. In a new way vidregulyuvati vidosnoni mіzh people і, zokrema, mіzh governors and suspilstvo. The ruler of the type is the law and the decree, not penetrating the intrigue of the estate, but within the framework of the cih laws, the system of the country and the land is roughened. The doom is about the idle nature of the people. Pragnennia mneni up to a particular sopiha slid vicoristy in the form of suslinnye vidosin. Pідданий продає свої здібності, Щоб натомість одержити корсне і вигідне. Laws to serve for regularity.

Minu do not repeat, to that new version of the history, they are responsible for the new ways of managing. Posilannya an order of magnitude at Confucian-mozu rozumnіnnyi marnі і perebuvayut s superechnosty with the character of the new law

• Pitania about the validity of the law of the sky by splitting Xun-Ji (3rd century BC a). Він розумів sky yak postіynість, yaka maє svy shlyakh (tan dao) and over-represented by power, sho povіdomlyaet ljudinі sutnist ta іsnuvannya. By the earth, heaven is in a state of диdine. Звідси випливає, що людина є partial nature. Xun-Ji is the subject of the thesis about the evil nature of the people, the fact that everything is good is the result of vihovannya. People organizovuyutsya in suspilstvo in order to change the nature, alle tblat tse, chіtko rozdylyayuchi funktsії i vidnoshennya.

Xun-Tzu podlyaet nature on the site:

• the appearance of the non-living, the warehouse of the material rechovini;

• life is alive, it is stored in material rechovini;

• the appearance, the stocking up of the material rechovini, the living and the swearing of the shed;

• lyudina, yaka, store in the material rechovini, live, vmіє mysliti, maє moral svidomist.

Lyudina stvoiєo іmena for that, shchob nazivati ​​rechі, vidnoshennya і ponyattya, rozrіznyati і chitko viznachat yavishcha dіisnostі. Понятійне освоєння дійсності відбувається за допомогою розуму. The first step of writing is the reading, the other is rozumne piznannya.
On the cob of the Dynasty of Han (2nd century BC - 2nd century AD), the new spiritual life of the Chinese Suspina is newly written. In this process, an important role is played in the subduing of Taoism. Till the end of II century. Before ae,

Prisoshuvavshis to the new minds, in their positions poveratsyatsya konfutsitsianstvo, scho staet derzhavnoyu ideologiye.

• On the dome of the Taoist Liu Anya, energy (tsi) is the viraz of human nature, and the wailing of the water is the material principle, then you will be protected by the natural call of ziyat.

"Vimagati, shhob people vchilis, і stverdzhuvati, scho є share, - tse all one, shcho punish lyudinі uklasti hair and immediately zbiti z nei zachіsku."

Mo-Dі

Wisnovki

Філософські школи стародавньої Індії формаються на грунті міфологічно-релігійного світогляду. In the colony of its mirkuvan stinks include nayvazhlyvshi problems: the cob of butt; Formuvaniya spirit; Osoblivostі vnutrishnogo svіt people; The role of human piznannya in poshukah sensei zhittya; Straightforward recruitment of individuals. At tsіy problematіі perevazhaє poshuk shlyakhіv zvіlnennya vіd nevblagannogo tisku zhitєєvіih zakonomіchnost, hoca zvіlnennya rozumіlosya znachnoju mіrou yak podilannya mans'koyu unikalnistyu індивідуальністю протилежності загального. Ідея звільнення людини від страждань, центральна у буддизмі, so chi іnakshe podіlyalasya mayzhe vіnіmі fіlіofskimi sistemy dlin'nyоndіyskoї fіlofіїї. Справжнє призначення філософії полягає в том, щоб за допомогою істинного знання оргаізувати spiritually-релігійне життя людини, допомогти їй at пошуках шяхів інінніння стражін і досягнення звільнення.

At fіlіofskomu missіnnі old-age China, the glybokі taіrіnіnalі уявлення about Святобудуву, вихідні буття begin to be ground. At the same lyudina organically entered at svitovu tsilіsnist, orientuvalasya on the fundamental pidvalini base budtya, namagayuchis vikonati povelinnya vishhih law, svitu, zmіniti yourself and enter at the station garmonіyno dosskonalosti. Fіlofosku dumku vyzdavnogo China vіdznachaet viz., Афористичний стиль милення, що надихає на зацікавлене, але нетитилітарне забиблення у людську духовність, збуджує інтерес до філософських роздумів. Багата спадщина has long been a native of the country, has given an impulse to rozvitkovі svіtovії філософії. Through Індію ідеї китайської філософії трапляють до Європи. Naybіlsh znayomstvo z chinese fіlosofієyu vіdbulosya naprikintsі XVII ta v XVIII st.

Філософська думка стародавньої Індії та старовнього China has posed the problem of the spyvodnoshennya zahіdnogo і skіdnogo tsivіlіzatsіy type, pittannya about the cause of that naslіdki suttievi vіdmіnostnost mіzh zvichamiami і povedinku muzhchiny ta pro mozhnovisty i umovi vzaimorozumnnya. Tsya problem pidvodit to osmislennya osoblivostey zahіdnyi і skіdnogo fіlofіїї.

NURSERY FOR SELF-CONTROL

• Blink the specification of the Vedic svitoglyadu.

• What is the warehouse for zainisthenie zhaynizmu?

• Do you understand the meaning of karmi?

• What kind of moral zmist fіlоofії Buddhism?

• What is basic in the philosophical concept of yoga?

• What are the main principles of the spiritual comprehension of people at the schools of philosophy in Ukraine?

• Roskrite vіdmіnnіst уявлень про дао у конфуціанстві та даосизмі.

• Describe the meaning of understanding "iin" and "yan" from the sainted Chinese philosophers.

• Name the basic principle of the phiosis Confucius.

• What are the principles of positioning the students of the school of legism?

PROBLEM JOURNEYS

"The only foundation of the holy place, which is to be stored in the numerical multiplicity of living and non-living entities, is Brahman. Z fіlorofskoї dots of Brahman і absolutely ідеальною свідомістю, але yogo can vvazhati і vsemogutnіm Bogom, який, подібно до чарівника з дитячої каки, ​​уворив навколишній світ зарядяки своїй магічній силі - Майя. Точніше скати, світ - це не реальне творіння, but visible, yaku Brahman postinously called the power of Maya in our svyazhdomosti. Tse is similar to the situation, if the motto is to be built up. In tsiomu vipadku dysna, spravzhnya realnist yayavlyaetsya us chimos іnshim, and not myself. I head reason for this - our people's displeasure, neznannya spravozhnogo will become the rights. Same through ynogo mi sprimmaєmo єdinogo Brahman pid viglyadom bagatooh ob'ektiv, yaki prihovuyut vіd us yogo істину сутність, стаємо sacrificed to the genus of the magician, scho, napriklad, іluzorno peretvoriyuє one coin on kіlka, bom mi not znakemo accurately, the scrolls of coins ynogo nasravdі .

At shchastya, in kozhny lyudinі є atman - rozumna part of the soul, our svidome "I". For the sake of the Atman, you can simply touch the truth: "I am Brahman," and in our eyes the nemobi falls down half-way, and in our brahmana yak is in the form of the Brahman, the miracle and the Brahman nature, and the nature of ourselves. Mi zrozumієmo, scho Brahman - not God, superimpositions of supra-sovereign powers, but schiz bezlikke, odnorіdnі іn the same hour всеохопне, щo our "I" - is not part of the earthly fleshly тіла, but pure svidomіst, totozhna Brahmanu. In the future, we will cease for us існути і us цікавити, be-які мирні думки і for the sake of us simply simply nepotibnimi, and such a rank reach the Moksha - звільнення від дії the Law of Karmi. "

(Sukhina VF, Kostyuk K. V. Workshop on Philosophy. - Kharkov: Photon, 2001. - P. 50-51).

Prokomentuyte, naskilki navedі mіkurvanya vedicheskoi sudosti vidpovidayut your uyavlenyam about spirituality sutnist manny.

"Do not go to the yard, you can write a message. Not viglyadayuchi z vikna, you can • bachiti natural dao. Chim dalі ydesh, tim menshe pіznaєsh. Tom thought out the mudra (the philosopher) not to go, but everything is written down. Він do not bachit speeches, alle penetrate into the ёх сутність. Not dyuchi, vin reaches the limit.

Hto vchitsya, z kozhnim day zbilshuє svoї znannya. Hto serve dao, in the daytime I change my bazaar. In the non-perennial zmenshennyi lyudina reach nedinyannya. There is no such thing, that would not rouse nedinyannya. Tom ovolodinnya Pidnebesnoyu zavzhdi zdіysnyuvalosya zavdyaki nediyannu. Hto dіє, not in змозі оволодіти Pідднебесною.

... Хто діє - зазнає невдачі. Хто чимось володіє - to ruin. The axis of chomu has cleared up the mudra, bezdіyalny, і vіn not зазнає невдачі. Він нічого not має і to that нічого not втрачає. Ті, хто, здійснюючи справи, поспішають досягнути усpіху, терплять невдачу. Hto ozherezhno zakincchu its own right, podbno before yak vine pachav, at that zavzhdi budey budet. To that, the wise man has not grown fond of prejudice, does not care about him, he has importantly distilled himself, he has to keep quiet, he does not know, but on that route, according to one, they have passed. Yogo shliakh vidpііdієє nіnovії speeches, і vіn not nаvazhuєtsya samostіyno діяти ".

(Lao-tzu, The Book of Tao and de // Ancient Chinese Philosophy: In 2 volumes - M., 1972. - T. 1. - P. 114-131).

After reading the tzu yurivok, viznachte your stavlennya to the principle of desolation, entrapped by Taoism.

LITERATURE FOR THE SELF-PROOF

1. God - man - society in the traditional cultures of the East. - M., 1993.

2. Tao and Taoism in China. - M., 1972.

3. Datta D., Chatterjee C. Introduction to Indian philosophy. - M., 1994.

4. Ancient Indian philosophy: the initial period. - M., 1972.

5. Ancient Chinese philosophy: In 2 tons - M., 1972.

6. Indian philosophy: In 2 tons - M., 1993.

7. Confucius. Wisdom lessons. - M. - Kharkov, 2002.

8. Lukyanov L. Ye. Origins of the Tao. Ancient Chinese myth. - M., 1992.

9. Stepanets M. Eastern philosophy: Introductory course. - M., 1997.

10. Thompson M. Eastern philosophy. - M., 2000.

11. Shutsky Yu. K. Chinese classical "Book of Changes". - M., 1993.