Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

5. Fіlosofіya Epoch Renaissance

In mіru transition od serednovіchchya, ekonomіchnu basis yakogo skladalo sіlske Gospodarstwa to a method mіskogo Zhittya i Promyslova virobnitstva all bіlshe Pocha viyavlyatisya Especially znachuschіst Helsinki Human, її svoєrіdnіst i CREATIVE aktivnіst. Vlastiva for novoї Epoch, yak narodzhuvalasya, orієntatsіya on natural tіlesne Buchan svitu, uwagi to lyudskogo tіla, іnteres to gumanіtarnogo knowledge estetichne rozumіnnya dіysnostі viyavilisya spіvzvuchnim antique tsіnnostyam. Tom nova Epoch named Vіdrodzhennyam (s French -. Perіod Renaissance).

Formally fіlosofi tsogo perіodu for traditsієyu the center svіtoutvorennya put God Ale smut uwagi pridіlyali not Yomou and lyudinі. CREATIVE elіta tsogo hour - gumanіsti zvelichuvali yak Person of the Creator svitu culture, obozhnyuvali її yak sub'єkta tvorchoї dіyalnostі, zblizhuyuchi s God. Person of Epoch Renaissance in vvazhaєtsya not Passive "zrazkom i likeness of God", won staє "bogorіvnoyu" іstotoyu. Urіv-nyuyut the Person of God s Dvi osnovnі vlastivі for neї of Quality - i Rozum free will, SSMSC give zmogu lyudinі perebirati neskіnchennu Quantity mozhlivostey tvorchoї for self-realіzatsії. Zvelichuyuchi Lyudin, gumanіsti vodnochase kritikuvali Scholastic fіlosofіyu, napolyagali on neobhіdnostі vihodu for mezhі "skholastichnoї science" to the informal, zhittєvogo, gumanіstichnogo knowledge. The Epoch Renaissance rozvivayutsya novі uyavlennya about Vsesvit, yaky postaє not zamknenim, obmezhenim, skіnchennim in prostorі and neskіnchennim.

Klyuchovі words

anthropocentrism, gumanіzm, panteїzm, naturfіlosofіya, estetizm, іndivіdualnіst, osobistіst, utopіya, gelіotsentrizm, secularism

"Іsnuє tіlki one large meta i great Nadiya - vizvoliti people s bezodnі bіduvan i їh lead to Happiness."

Dante

5.1. OSNOVNІ RISS anthropocentrism Renaissance

• Ponyattya "Renaissance" viniklo yak naymenuvannya poshukіv dіyachіv tsogo perіodu stosovno Renaissance tsіnnostey that іdealіv antichnostі. Epoch Renaissance pripadaє on HІU-HUІ Art. Tse perіod rannoї Creasy feodalіzmu i zarodzhennya bourgeois vіdnosin. Characteristically for the Epoch Renaissance Je Taqiy epіzod. Rozpovіdayut, scho in 1485 p. bilja odnієї s starovinnih rimskih dorіg digging rіv i znayshli marmurovy sarcophagus Where Money Does lying dіvchina nadzvichaynoї like, ohoplena, zdaval, glibokim sleep її doskonalіst, usmіshka Niby vіschuvali Povernennya dushі to netlіnnoї antichnoї glory. Pocha palomnitstvo, i Dad axis poboyuyuchis viniknennya yazichnitskogo cult, punishing vikrasti i perepohovati dіvchinu.

Renaissance meant not restavratsіyu old Povernennya znovu to antichnostі and Poshuk new Aje in іstorії just vіdhіd have passed Epoch nemozhlivy. Zdobuty, nagromadzheny cultural potentsіal at whether Money Does razі zdіysnyuvatime svіy vpliv, vіdkinuti yogo nemozhlivo, pozayak tse Yea i ekonomіchne cultural seredovische Where Money Does dіyut orієntovanі on Demba people. Tsim Nabutov potentsіalom, spadschinoyu for dіyachіv i mislitelіv Renaissance Bulo serednovіchchya.

For svoєyu Sutta Renaissance protistavlyaє currently schematically dogmas of the church, ale yak vono viniklo result rozvitku serednovіchnoї culture that i Nese in sobі bagato її Figure Naygolovnіshe for mislennya Epoch Renaissance - statement of the problem i svitu God s yakimi pov'yazano All Other Other: іstini problem in yakіy viyavivsya gliboky konflіkt mіzh naturfіlosofієyu th orthodox katolitskoyu teologієyu; problem of knowledge svitu i mіstichnogo vikoristannya tsogo knowledge; problem of representation naturfіlosofіv tsogo perіodu to relіgії i church, Aje stink lived in burhlivu Epoch relіgіynih konflіktіv that vіyn.

Same in qiu Epoch zakladayutsya foundations of bourgeois suspіlnih vіdnosin, dіstaє rozvitok basis, experiental-ically mathematical prirodoznavstvo, zmіnyuyutsya vіdnosini mіzh i Church powers, formuєtsya іdeologіya Sekula-or anti- she gumanіzmu, stvoryuyutsya peredumovi for viniknennya fіlosofії New o'clock.

• Nayvazhlivіshoyu characteristic risoyu svіtoglyadu Epoch Renaissance Je orієntatsіya on Lyudin. Yakscho in tsentrі uwagi antichnoї fіlosofії Bulo natural kosmіchne Zhittya, serednovіchnoї - relіgіyne Zhittya i yogo in osnovі problem "osmislennya", then s XV century. on Purshia plan vihodit svіtske Zhittya, nabuvaє dіyalnіst Helsinki Human values ​​in tsomu svіtі that dosyagnennya Happiness. Іnteres to antichnoї lіteraturi, s trchki Zora gumanіzmu, otsіnyuєtsya incentive yak i form viyavlennya NKVD Renaissance. Well Fіlosofіya guilty dopomogti lyudinі Know Location In ZHITTІ

Pіdsumkom rozvitku antichnoї fіlosofії CCB neoplatonism s yogo the scheme of svitu Єdine - Fortunately, Svіtovy Rozum, Svіtova Soul Space. In serednovіchnіy fіlosofії neoplatonism suttєvo transformuєtsya: Location on Єdinogo - Good Bulo put God vіdpovіdno to tsogo pid zmіstom Svіtovogo Rozum became rozumіti Christ Svіtovoї Dushі - the Holy Spirit, the cosmos - vzagalі vsogo natural. In ancient svіtoglyadі panuє unіversalіzm, cosmocentrism polіteїzm i have serednovіchnomu - geocentricism i monoteїzm. The Epoch Renaissance Bulo zrobleno rіshuchy Krok have bіk sub'єktivnogo, i the center svіtobudovi Bulo supplied Lyudin (Anthropos). Vikoristovuyuchi metodologіyu neoplatonіzmu, fіlosofi Epoch Renaissance Center svіtobudovi formally put God ale on sutі bunt uwagi zvertali on Lyudin. Tobto fіlosofskoyu Basics renesansnogo mislennya staє anthropocentric neoplatonism.

• Fіlosofske mislennya tsogo perіodu harakterizuєtsya yak anthropo-centric. Tsentrі have - not God, and the Person of. Yakscho God - the beginning svitu, the Person of - Yogo Center. Won in svoїy dіyalnostі that pomislah nіchim not obmezhena, spromozhna all sama zavdyaki Vlasnyi zusillyam. Formuєtsya Pevnyi rіven samosvіdomostі; viznachalnimi Je takі of Quality, yak gordіst, samostverdzhennya, usvіdomlennya vlasnoї Sealy i talent zhittєradіsnostі that vіlnodumstva Zavdyaki tsomu Epoch Renaissance gave svitu vidatnih NKVD, rіznobіchno osvіchenih, yaskravim s temperament volovoyu tsіlespryamovanіstyu, velicheznoyu energієyu.

"In sutі, іndivіdualnіst kozhnoї Helsinki Human uniquely vazhlivіsha natsіonalnіst for i in tisyach razіv bіlshe, nіzh stop, zaslugovuє to those dwellers її take up uwagi".

A. Schopenhauer

Gumanіstichny character svіtoglyadu Epoch Renaissance proyavlyaєtsya in Helsinki Human rozumіnnі yak vіlnoї іstoti. God, in the hour of Dumka mislitelіv, target svit i Lyudin, giving їy free will, i Teper Won guilty dіyati itself viznachati its share of that vіdvoyovuvati svoє Location in svіtі. Fіlosofіya tsієї Epoch orієntuє Lyudin not divine "grace", and vlasnі Seeley. Zvіdsi - optimіzm, Vira in svoї bezmezhnі mozhlivostі.

• Gumanіzm - look, zgіdno s Yakima viznachaєtsya tsіnnіst Helsinki Human yak osobistostі, її right to freedom Happiness i rozvitok. The Epoch Renaissance gumanіzm staє wide suspіlnim Rukh, znamenuє him in a coup that vsіy kulturі svіtoglyadі. One form tsogo s coup - criticism of scholasticism. Superechka Bula printsipovoyu - about Novi moral іdeal i yogo Roads Ahead vtіlennya in Zhittya. Hristiyanska etika vbachala the top moralnoї doskonalostі in nalezhnostі to God in zv'yazku s denote propaguєtsya asceticism prignіchennya natural pragnen Helsinki Human.

On Dumka іtalіyskih gumanіstіv (Fіchіno M., P. Pomponatstsі, A. Valla that іn.), Helsinki Human nature Je nayvischim kriterієm for otsіnki lyudskih addicted. In Persha planі - svіtske Zhittya, Helsinki Human dіyalnіst i dosyagnennya her Happiness. Vіdrodzhuyutsya іdeali antique epіkureytsіv, ale zamіst pasivnostі stverdzhuєtsya aktivnіst, nobility, doblesnіst spirit cult tvorchoї dіyalnostі. All tse potrіbno not tіlki for zadovolennya Earth's required, and the second for samovdoskonalennya, stvorennya new svitu.

The Dream about the fair vlashtuvannya suspіlno-sovereign Zhittya (for yakih Bulo not on the hour vіdpovіdnih sotsіalno polіtichnih-drain) leading to utopіy (od English Utopia -. Neіsnuyuche Location). W utopіchnimi teorіyami vistupayut T. Moore (1478-1535 pp.) I T. Campanella (1568-1639 pp.).

Orієntatsії gumanіstіv: criticism of dogmatism i poklonіnnya authorities; proof on the Helsinki Human rights Poshuk іstini; poslіdovny Zahist private іndivіdualіzmu, vіdstoyuvannya іdealіv pomіrnogo utilіtarizmu (vchennya Where Money Does meta Zhittya i dobrochinnіst ototozhnyuyutsya korisnіstyu s); lyubovі propaganda that kindness yak Basics of lyudskih stosunkіv. Іdeologіya gumanіzmu Je nayvischim dosyagnennyam fіlosofskoї pillows Renaissance i nadalі camp naybіlsh suttєvoyu characteristics kozhnoї fіlosofskoї system.

Vazhlivim skladnikom gumanіstichnogo svіtoglyadu Je cult tvorchoї dіyalnostі. In antichnostі panuvav elіtarny pіdhіd to lyudskoї dіyalnostі, nayvischoyu Form yakoї vvazhalisya teoretichnі Poshuk - rozdumi i spoglyadannya, oskіlki stink to entice Lyudin vіchnogo to sutnostі Cosmos and materіalna dіyalnіst (in addition chislі Mystetskyi) nіbito zanuryuvala in mіnlivy's World uyavlen. Christianity vvazhalo nayvischoyu forms of the dіyalnіst, yak Veda to "spasіnnya" dushі: prayer, ritual bogosluzhbovі, subtracting the Holy letter that іn. Usі Vidi takoї dіyalnostі Mali Passive, spoglyadalny character, scho in rezultatі robilo Lyudin odnomіrnoyu. The Epoch Renaissance osobistіst perevazhno Je CREATIVE, Won nemovbi pereymaє on itself CREATIVE funktsіyu God, Creator of uosoblyuє beginning in mistetstvі, polіtitsі, relіgії, nautsі. Svoї tvorіnnya Lyudin realіzuє in єdnostі spiritual i tіlesnogo. Person of Epoch Renaissance - Tse is not a creator, ale th artist (painter, Muzikante) i Creator in estetichnomu rozumіnnі. So, yes Aeonardo Vіnchі (. Pp 1452-1519) CCB artist i vinahіdnikom, Mіkelandzhelo (1475-1564 pp.) - An artist i poet Together s note obidva Zroby suttєvy vnesok in rozvitok fіlosofії.

• Domіnuyuchim aspect fіlosofії Renaissance staє estetichne, oskіlki beautiful visuvaєtsya on Purshia plan. And on chіlne Location not put naslіduvannya Nature, and she tvorchіst artist. Ob'єktom tsієї tvorchostі staє beauty lyudskogo tіla. For estetiki Renaissance characteristic zlittya spiritual osobistіsno i-tіlesnogo. Maximum estetichnogo efekta mozhna dosyagnuti EYAD Shlyakhov: reliance on bіblіynі plot; The image of himself, a self-portrait oskіlki naybіlsh yaskravo virazhaє spirituality artist yogo representations to the Epoch.

Vchitelem for artist peredusіm guilty Buti vіn himself, and for tsogo potrіbno Buti osvіchenim in bogoslov'ї, fіlosofії, matematitsі have mistetstvі Renaissance mathematician oformlyaє sub'єktivne scho Especially yaskravo viyavlyaєtsya in viroblennі geometrichnoї kontseptsії lіnіynoї term. Vaughn polyagaє in the fact scho on the subject zobrazhuyutsya ploschinі so yak їh bachit sub'єkt. Tse vіdpovіdaє osobistіsno-tіlesnomu renesansnoї estetiki principle: all naochna іnformatsіya yde through ochі th otsіnyuєtsya s point Zora sub'єkta.

CREATIVE, materіalno-chuttєva dіyalnіst in Helsinki Human Epoch Renaissance daє not just zadovolennya Earth's required, and Veda to stvorennya new svitu, samovdoskonalennya. Vazhlivim moment pereorієntatsії svіtoglyadu became reabіlіtatsіya lyudskoї plotі: boxed value is not tіlki spiritual Zhittya and second garmonіynostі tіla. Tse is not "lantsyugi dushі" SSMSC tyagnut humiliate zumovlyuyut grіhovnі pillows i pragnennya. Tіlesne Zhittya sama on sobі Je samotsіnnіstyu. W CIM pov'yazuєtsya poshireny in Epoch Renaissance cult of beauty. Zhivopistsі zobrazhuyut nasampered lyudske oblichchya i lyudske tіlo. Beauty, doskonalіst stopped Buti viklyuchno divine privіleєm - stink "olyudnilisya" i became pritamannі vsіm 3 point Zora tvortsіv Renaissance's World, s yogo krasoyu i Nasoloda not potrebuє dokorіnnih for Change, slіd deprivation gliboko yogo pіznavati i schiro loves yogo people SSMSC not Yea grіshnimi. Look Naturfіlosofskі perіodu tsogo boule "poezієyu mislennya" yak stosuvalasya Nature, nerozrivno pov'yazanoї mіnlivіstyu svitu s, s Poshuk novih understand s emotsіynimi іmpulsami such poshukіv. Tse gave poshtovh, zokrema, viniknennyu th usvіdomlennyu "Bozhestvennoї komedії" Dante Alіg'єrі yak Encyclopedia of ruhlivogo, bagatobarvnogo, dinamіchnogo svitu.

Ponyattya estetichnogo, beautiful not pose іsnuє viznachennyam іstini. Tobto through ponyattya garmonії, color vіdbuvaєtsya pogliblennya fіlosofskogo zmіstu gumanіstichnogo svіtoglyadu, yaky LUVs protyagom kіlkoh stolіt viznachalnim єvropeyskoї for Culture (Yakscho not to take up uwagi wide ontologіchnih problems). Rozvinuvshi in Perche Cherga vchennya about Lyudin, visvіtlyuyuchi power moralі, polіtiki, estetiki, gumanіsti s neobhіdnіstyu pіdіyshli to problem representation to Helsinki Human svitu. Metafіzichny dualіzm serednovіchnoї svіdomostі Bulo zamіneno zavdyaki stverdzhennyu witch asketizmovі principle poєdnannya i Helsinki Human Nature.