Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

5.2. NATURFІLOSOFІYA the I PANTEЇZM

• Borotba for іstinu in Epoch Renaissance small values ​​іntelektualnogo i moral feat, the fact scho target new picture svitu protistoyala teologії that skholastichnіy traditsії. In zv'yazku s rozvitkom virobnitstva i science fіlosofіya znovu vivchennya turned to nature. Vinaydennya knigodrukuvannya, the compass, gunpowder, domain-metalurgіynogo processes; zatsіkavlenіst in astronomії, fіzitsі, anatomії, fіzіologії; rozvitok experiental prirodoznavstva - all tse rozshiryuvalo lyudsky svіtoglyad, Vlad Helsinki Human zmіtsnyuvalo over nature. Ically mathematical obґruntovana M. Copernicus gelіotsentrichna system svitu suttєvo zmіnila serednovіchnі Look at Svit, pіdіrvala authority geotsentrichnoї Sistemi Ptolemy. Valued at vnesok basis osmislennya Nature roblyat takі vidatnі vchenі, yak T. Braga, G. Galіley that іn.

• Galіleo Galіley (1564-1642 pp.), Yakogo nazivali "Columbus sky" i gіrskі vіdkriv crater ridge on Mіsyatsі, pobachiv suputniki Yupіtera, plyami on Sontsі. Zaymayuchis mehanіkoyu, Galіley priyshov to visnovku scho іsnuє The natural neobhіdnіst, i vіn ponyattya introduce a law of nature. Before tsogo in visnovku tіy chi іnshіy formі came Telezіo B. (1509-1588 pp.), J. Cardano (1501-1576 pp.), F. Petrіtsі (1529-1597 pp.) That іn.

Fіlosofіya Epoch Renaissance spriymaєtsya nasampered yak naturfіlosofіya (fіlosofіya Nature). Yak naslіdok zv'yazku s serednovіchnoyu fіlosofієyu central to neї zalishaєtsya traktuvannya power vzaєmovіdnoshennya about God i svitu. However metodologіya її Got his spetsifіku, characteristic risoyu yakoї Je antiskholastichna, antiarіstotelіvska spryamovanіst. Progoloshena fіlosofami freedom pillows vtіlyuєtsya in new pіdhodі traktuvannya to understand materії, shape, Ruhu, hour, i expanse in kіntsevomu rezultatі Veda to printsipovogo pereosmislennya Georeferencing i rolі divine. Vzaєmovіdnoshennya God i svitu vtrachaє scholastic character, to come zmіnu teїzmu panteїzm ( "God in vsomu") vіdbuvaєtsya Pevnyi Povernennya to іdey platonіzmu i neoplatonіzmu. Nove i narodzhuєtsya zrіє against poperednє bagato in chomu bachitsya neporushnim Otzhe, Novi zmіst vtіlyuєtsya in starі form.

• A s i naytsіkavіshih characteristic predstavnikіv fіlosofії Epoch Renaissance - vihodets s Nіmechchini Mikola Kuzansky (1401-1464 pp.). Narodivsya in prostіy sіm'ї, ale yak Especially zdіbny potraplyaє to school "bratіv spіlnogo life" in Deventorі (Gollandіya). Nastanovi tsієї school peredbachali for vsіh spіlne Main, zaperechuvali bagatstvo, glory, all mirske i, navpaki, vimagali propovіduvannya asceticism, piety, for Relief chogo of Namangan nablizitis BC Pіslya zakіnchennya school Kuzansky vchitsya in Paduanskomu unіversitetі, staє doctor kanonіchnogo rights zaymaєtsya bogoslovskoyu dіyalnіstyu , pratsyuє in papskіy kurії. Uprodovzh usієї dіyalnostі vіn zahoplyuєtsya antichnіstyu, vіddaє bagato hour vivchennyu gretskih i vіzantіyskih rukopisіv. Postіyno spіlkuєtsya s gumanіstami. Naprikіntsі Zhittya Kuzansky dosyagaє title of cardinal

Yak bіlshіst fіlosofіv that hour, Kuzansky orієntuєtsya on traditsії neoplatonіkіv. Zaperechuyuchi antique dualіzm ( "Єdine" protistoїt "neєdinomu", "іnshomu") vіn stverdzhuє scho "Je Єdine vsіm". Tsya fіlosofska nastanova serve as a basis panteїstichnogo svіtoglyadu. Oskіlki "Єdine" not Got protilezhnostі then vono totozhne bezmezhnomu, neskіnchennomu. Neskіnchenne - tse bіlshe over the mustache, vono - maximum, and "Єdine" - tse mіnіmum, naymenshe od usogo.

The central point of ontologії M. Kuzanskogo Je vchennya about zbіg protilezhnostey - absolute mіnіmumu i absolute maximum. absolutely Oskіlki

Je maximum vsіm Where Money Does Yea all i vіn єdiny, Je nayvischoyu mezheyu - ostіlki Yomou nіchogo not protistoїt, ostіlki s him in the same hour zbіgaєtsya mіnіmum. Lots of being absolutely, vplivaє in dіysnostі all mozhlive i do not own mayuchi nіyakih obmezhen, obmezhuє all. Tsey absolute maximum - God vіn not Got

"I know potrіbne vvazhayu for one іstinu, Hoca i used to Neznachny speeches nіzh Dovgy sperechatisya velichnі about power, not dosyagayuchi nіyakoї іstini".

G. Galіley

lyudskih rice and Je zagalnoyu fіlosofskoyu kategorієyu - absolute. Vіn mіstit in sobі all vіn Je rozvitkom usogo fact scho Yea himself everywhere. In the famous tvorі "About vchene Ignorance" M. Kuzansky poyasnyuє scho Yakscho vіdstoroniti God od tvorіn then zalishitsya nebuttya, nіscho. Vnaslіdok pіznavalnoї dіyalnostі Lyudin come to visnovku scho іsnuє neskіnchenna nedosyazhna Yednist in yakіy OAO All protilezhnostі zbіgayutsya, i won dіznaєtsya scho neskіnchennіst nedosyazhna. Zbіg absolute maximum i mіnіmumu Kuzansky іlyustruє for Relief geometrії: neskіnchenna mіnіmalna curvature zbіgaєtsya s neskіnchenno Maximum straightness.

Helsinki Human Zvertayuchis up to the challenge, not Kuzansky vіddіlyaє її od svitu, stink єdinі. Yak in kozhnіy chastinі Helsinki Human vіdobrazhuєtsya won everything, so at kozhnіy rechі vіdobrazhuєtsya all Vsesvit. Ale yak in Helsinki Human golovі naybіlshim Je vіdobrazhennya її samoї Well, so i in tsіlomu in lyudinі - vіdobrazhennya Vsesvіtu, yaky dosyagaє povnoї doskonalostі in nіy yak nayvischіy mezhі rozvitku nature. Same lyudska nature naybіlsh Povny vіdobrazhuє Vsesvit, to scho Got glibokі emotsіyno-volovі Basics of Yea i psihologіchno Pervin schodo discursive mislennya. Relіgіyna Vira traktuєtsya yak form Ednannya Helsinki Human s God, yak channel through God yaky vplivaє on pіznavalnі zdіbnostі Helsinki Human, ozdorovlyuє i vdoskonalyuє їh.

Іdealom for Kuzanskogo Je Lyudin mislyacha, CREATIVE, active. Aje Christ come from Svit not tіlki for vryatuvannya Helsinki Human, ale th order dwellers vkazati lyudinі on її mogutnіst, greatness zdatnіst to dosyagnennya neskіnchennostі. Lyudska sutnіst i Je Christ. Vіn - not bogolyudina and Lyudin-god - Je zagalnim ponyattyam lyudstva. Oskіlki sutnіst Helsinki Human vtіleno in Christ - Won neskіnchenna; oskіlki qiu sutnіst obmezheno in skin okremomu іndivіdі - Lyudin Got kіnets. Otzhe, Lyudin - kіntsevo-neskіnchenna іstota. Lyudin not stіlki tvorіnnya, skіlki Creator; sama in tsomu proyavlyaєtsya upodіbnennya Helsinki Human God. Meta Zhittya polyagaє in pіznannі, spiritual osvoєnnі svitu. Tsі rozdumi famous artist L. Durer pіdsumuvav as follows: "i Bazhannya bagato nobility through tse dosyagnuti sutnostі vsіh speeches mіstitsya od us in nature."

• Іdeї Kuzanskogo poglibiv M. Giordano Bruno (1548-1600 pp.). Vihіdna thesis yogo fіlosofії - Yednist neskіnchennіst svitu i, i yogo nestvoryuvanіst neznischuvanіst. On tsomu bazuyutsya kosmologіchnі uyavlennya in yakih J. Bruno vіdkrito porivaє s theocentric kontseptsієyu pobudovi svitu. In yogo Dumka, Land ruhaєtsya Navkolo svoєї osі that Navkolo Sontsya i in the same hour in Je pіschinkoyu bezmezhnomu prostorі. Land Mauger Buti center of the cosmos, that scho in Vsesvіtі vzagalі Absent ni center ni mezhі. Ponyattya

"Top" i "down" that їm podіbnі Mauger Buti zastosovano to okremih, obmezhenih systems, not ale to Cosmos vіchnogo i neskіnchennogo. In pratsі "Of cause, cob i єdine" God in John Bruno -. Sinonіm nature, yak yak rozumієtsya not sukupnіst speeches materіalnogo svitu and yak neobhіdny law Ruhu that rozvitku svitu. HEAD zavdannya fіlosofії i science - proniknennya in Glibin materіalnogo svitu, vstanovlennya for zovnіshnіm kaleidoscope speeches i yavisch vnutrіshnіh zakonomіrnostey Ax. Bruno stverdzhuє, scho not tіlki nature - tse "God is in the speeches", ale th God іsnuє, nemislimy without the "speeches", without tіlesnogo, materіalnogo svitu.

Look Naturfіlosofskі Bruno poєdnuyutsya s Some of the elements stihіynoї dіalektiki. Vіdznachayuchi postіynu mіnlivіst usіh speeches i yavisch, vіn stverdzhuvav scho vprodovzh bagatoh vіkіv zmіnyuєtsya Zemlі surface, sea peretvoryuyutsya on the continent, and the continent's - by the sea. Lyudin (mіkrokosm) tіsno pov'yazana s nature (the macrocosm). Bezmezhna amour to Helsinki Human pіznannya neskіnchennogo, strength Rozum pіdnosyat її over svіtom

Already Fіlosofіya. Bruno - Novi Etap in rozvitku fіlosofskoї pillows. In zhodnіy s poperednіh fіlosofskih systems serednovіchchya i Renaissance Thought about Yednist svitu, about totozhnіst God i Helsinki Human is not carried out with such a poslіdovnіstyu h. Already Naturfіlosofіya. Bruno - form panteїzmu, scho s yogo mezhuє materіalіstichnim rozumіnnyam. Look Tsі fіlosofa not vіdpovіdali іnteresam church. Pіslya trivalih pereslіduvan at 1592 p. Already. Bruno zvinuvatili in єresі th zaareshtuvali. Vіsіm rokіv іnkvіzitsіya pіddavala yogo torturam, ale od svoїh poglyadіv vіn not vіdmovivsya. Vіdpovіdno to viroku 1600 p. mislitelya Bulo slept on vognischі in Rimі on ploschі Kvіtіv. Before Strata vіn saying: "Spaliti - slit is not oznachaє sprostuvati". In zdіysnennі feat in іm'ya іstini i spravedlivostі vіn Je poslіdovnikom Socrates. Already Zhittya. Bruno - sluzhіnnya іstinі at tsomu won itself that sluzhіnnya їy Je nerozdіlnimi. At George. Bruno іstina ob'єktivna, Je Won zmіstom svіdomostі, vіdmova od neї rіvnotsіnna samogubstvu. Tom іnkvіzitsіyny processes becoming an apotheosis yogo osobistostі.

"Vira potrіbna for nastanovi rough narodіv, SSMSC povinnі Buti kerovanі and proof - for quiet, hto spoglyadaє іstinu, hto vmіє upravlyati him."

J.. Bruno

"Yak nemozhlivo dvіchі uvіyti one rіchku, i bіlshe of yak seem, navіt i once, so nemozhlivo dvіchі poіmenuvati one that i w Folding rіch; bіlshe order - Pokey її іmenuyut, won vzhe іnsha "

J.. Bruno