Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

7.3. PROBLEM SUB'ЄKTA The "FІLOSOFІЇ DІYALNOSTІ" JG FІHTE

• Postavlenі I. Kant problemi Perche at nіmetskіy fіlosofії namagavsya virіshiti Johann Gotlіb Fіhte (1762-1814 pp.). Vіn narodivsya in sіm'ї weaver i vzhe s guilty of Childhood CCB pratsyuvati bilja Verstat. Ale Yomou poschastilo: Yogo primіtiv Gospodar i dopomіg zdobuti osvіtu. That patron nevdovzі died, navchannya Fіhte suprovodzhuvalosya nestatkami, that on deyaky hour vіn domashnіm becoming a teacher. Mamboo.com This user s treatises Kant turned yogo Zhittya. Dwellers zustrіtisya s Kant vіn pіshki virushaє in Kenіgsberg de pokazuє svіy Purshia treatise "Dosvіd Odkrovennya any criticism." Kant dopomіg vidati Tsey treatise and dobrozichliva retsenzіya zabezpechila Fіhte populyarnіst. . In 1795 p, being a professor vzhe Єnskogo unіversitetu, having seen vіn bunt their Prace - "Fundamentals zagalnogo naukovchennya". In 1798, p. Fіhte zmusheny zalishiti Єnsky University, chomu spriyala legend about Demba yak about the "Democrat" i navіt "yakobіntsya" yakіy vіn zobov'yazany svoїmi treatises about frantsuzku revolyutsіyu. Pіznіshe, if in 1810 p. Bulo zasnovano Berlіnsky University, becoming Fіhte yogo Perche rector vіv wide lektsіynu dіyalnіst. Pomer at 1814 p. od typhus, infected od svoєї squad, scho dobrovіlno doglyadala wounding soldatіv, SSMSC voyuvali against Napoleon.

Fіhte povertaє dіalektichnomu act, rozіrvanomu kantіvskim podіlom realnostі to "phenomenal" i "noumenal" svіti, nalezhnu tsіlіsnіst i note by neperervnіst. Principle avtonomії Kant Volya, zgіdno s Yakima practicality Rozum himself daє law sobі, peretvoryuєtsya in Fіhte on unіversalny cob vsієї yogo system. W practical Rozum principle - freedom - vіn pragne Vivest theoreticity Rozum - pіznannya nature. Pіznannya - deprivation pіdlegly єdinoї practical point-moralnoї dії. Otzhe, fіlosofska Fіhte system bazuєtsya nasampered on viznannі aktivnoї practical-dіyalnoї sutnostі Helsinki Human.

• Vihіdnim point fіlosofії Fіhte Je avtonomnіst thesis about the "I". Vono utverdzhuє currently yak Takeo in aktі samosvіdomostі. "I" Je: tse sudzhennya self-evident. Samoochevidnіst "I" in Fіhte osnovuєtsya not aktі mislennya, and volovomu zusillі, dії. The principle was theoretically "dіyuchogo" "pure" "I" Je nіchim zovnіshnіm not zumovlene spontaneity utvorennya chuttєvogo zmіstu. Together s note Fіhte pіdkreslyuє, scho in "empіrichnіy svіdomostі" (yak usvіdomlyuє dіyalnostі result of "pure", "I" i vvazhaє її chimos stranger) usvіdomlennya of currently pov'yazuєtsya іz "zovnіshnіm" dosvіdom. On vershinі vsієї teorії naukovchennya stoїt status: "I" podaєtsya yak viznachennya through "non-self", tobto usvіdomlennyu chogos zovnіshnogo pereduє usvіdomlennya of himself. Pragnuchi Know zagalnu foundation for spiritual svitu "I" i zovnіshnogo svitu scho otochuє Lyudin, Fіhte put zavdannya Vivest s "I" іsnuvannya i viznachennya OAO All "non-self".

Termіn "I" Je virazom "nashoї duhovnostі vzagalі" Je vono yogo "pure dіyalnіstyu". Whether yak dіyalnіst peredbachaє not tіlki її nosіya, ale th object, yaky Yomou protistoїt. Tom "not-I" - another principle naukovchennya. Іnshimi words, "I" - thesis, "not-I" - the antithesis, zaperechennya. Tretіy principle vchennya about science Je dіalektichnoyu єdnіstyu Tezi i antithesis, synthesis "I" i "not-I" totozhnіst sub'єkta th ob'єkta.

For vchennyam Fіhte, s "pure", "I" is guilty Buti vivedena not tіlki forms of knowledge, and all th yogo zmіst, otzhe, Nature's World; tobto s dіyalnostі "I" poyasnyuєtsya all povnota realnostі; all svit, scho otochuє Lyudin, becoming "non-self". In protsesі osvoєnnya "I" - "non-self" dosyagaєtsya yogo totozhnіst іz him. Ale vono not Mauger Buti dosyagnute vprodovzh obmezhenogo hour and Je іdealom to yakogo protyagom usogo іstorichnogo rozvitku pragne lyudstvo.

Konkretizuyuchi ponyattya "I" Fіhte vvazhaє, scho, s one side, the "I" s -tse specific іndivіd pritamannoyu Yomou willed mislennyam i and s another, "I" - tse lyudstvo in tsіlomu, tobto absolutely "I am." Vzaєmovіdnoshennya іndivіdualnogo "I" i absolute "I" harakterizuє processes osvoєnnya Lyudin seredovischa scho otochuє її. Іndivіdualne th absolutely "I" is the first zbіgayutsya ototozhnyuyutsya then rozpadayutsya i rozrіznyuyutsya. Tsya pulsatsіya zbіgіv-rozhodzhen Je main core dіalektiki Fіhte, rushіynim principle yogo system. Іdeal usogo Ruhu, rozvitku polyagaє in dosyagnennі іndivіdualnogo th absolute "I". Ale tsogo dosyagnennya іdealu nemozhlive, led oskіlki used to pripinennya dіyalnostі, yak for Fіhte, absolute. Tom all lyudska Istoria - deprivation nablizhennya to іdealu.

Suchasniki vіdznachayut: naybіlshoyu skladnіstyu in Fіhte Yea those scho vіn zalishaє sposterіgati spirit of his one hour, if vіn dіє. "I" zobov'yazane ROBIT sposterezhennya for svoїmi іntelektualnimi dіyami in one hour, if vono vikonuє їh. Dumka pіdsluhovuє himself in that very hour, yak Won mislit, stayuchi all zrozumіlіshoyu i zrozumіlіshoyu, Pokey is not bude nareshtі zovsіm ready. Tsya operatsіya, іronіzuvali suchasniki, nagaduє Mavpy, yak, sedentary bilja Vaughn, cook at mіdnіy kastrulі svіy Vlasnyi hvіst.

• Moral zavdannya lyudstva, vvazhaє Fіhte - tse peretvorennya Nature i suspіlstva. Person of nature is guilty zrobiti i suspіlstvo іdentichnimi s him, Zi svoєyu vnutrіshnoyu samousvіdomlyuyuchoї іstoti by nature, yak zdatna overcome minds svoїh sponukan, іnstinktіv. Stosovno

"Vibіr fіlosofskoї Sistemi viznachaєtsya tim, scho Person of five for himself, more fіlosofska system is not dead tableware, yaky mozhna vіdkladati abo brother for Bazhanov; Won animated by soul Helsinki Human, yak volodіє her. "

J. Fіhte

"Udoskonalennya of itself through vіlne vikoristannya vplivu us іnshih i vdoskonalennya іnshih Shlyakhov zvorotnoї dії they yak on vіlnih іstot - axis in our priznachennya suspіlstvі".

J. Fіhte

Nature moral zavdannyam Helsinki Human Je znischennya pochatkovoї prirodnoї viznachenostі predmetіv i pristosuvannya to quiet predmetіv such rank, became dwellers naochnim those scho stink Yea Dzerkalne way Helsinki Human on yakih won zalishaє svіy "slіd". Zavdyaki tsomu won pozbavlyaєtsya smertі, oskіlki dіyu pass through mezhі lyudskogo іndivіda i prodovzhuє yourself in the following pokolіnnyah.

Stosovno suspіlstva Fіhte vihodit s іdeї, scho in іstorії blame specifically realіzuvatisya that rіvnіst Well, yak nalezhit men, more cutaneous Lyudin "itself in sobі meta." LIVE vtіlennya rіvnostі vіdbuvaєtsya through "sponukannya to іdentichnostі". People SSMSC abstract in planі svoєї self-tsіlovoї tsіnnostі, rіvnі, povinnі realіzuvati qiu his abstract rіvnіst i in svoєmu buttі Where Money Does mіzh them іsnuє rіznitsya in silі i, i in zdіbnostyah, in stanovischі i, i in talantі toscho.

Tendentsіya to vzaєmnogo vplivu abo "suspіlne sponukannya" (sponukannya to іdentichnostі schodo іnshih) pragne not to subordinatsії and to koordinatsії, tobto to konkretnoї rіvnostі, vzaєmnostі. Tse i Je meta іstorії.

• The merit Fіhte yak fіlosofa polyagaє in fact scho vіn poєdnuє pіznannya i nature Lyudin i svit. Svіdomіst rozumієtsya yak dinamіchne utvorennya Where Money Does vіdchuttya, spriynyattya, obrazotvorchіst vvazhayutsya nizhchim stage realіzatsії osnovnoї tendentsії to refleksії of yourself abo samosvіdomostі "I" in svoєmu rozvitku to samorefleksії not Mauger zupinitisya on vіdchuttyah i spriynyattyah, vono guilty їh overcome in samosvіdomostі. Rozvitok svіdomostі Fіhte rozumіє in postіynіy vzaєmodії s "non-self", tobto Zi sphere zovnіshnogo dosvіdu. Krіm of Fіhte rozvivaє fіlosofіyu "aktivnoї Parties" tobto refleksіyu practicality vіdnoshen "I" іz zovnіshnoyu realnіstyu.