Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

13. Pragmatism

Pragmatism yak fіlosofska techіya vvazhaєtsya vіzitnoyu kartka nasampered amerikanskoї fіlosofії. Zhivilnim ground tsogo napryamku was amerikanske pіdpriєmnitstvo. Pragmatism - svoєrіdna reaktsіya on trivaly rozvitok zahіdnoї fіlosofії, KOTRA naprikіntsі XIX century. in anglosaksonskomu svіtі naybіlsh clearly reprezentuєtsya neokantіantsyami, neo-Hegelians, Neot mіstami. Critical stavlyachis yak to skepticism, so i to dіalektiki, the founder of pragmatism Charles Pіrs Suka yogo solid support in dotsіlnіy povedіntsі. Residual іnstantsієyu pіznannya viznayutsya vchinki people kotrі zdіysnyuyutsya s Pevnyi metoyu. Pіznavalna yakіst dosyagaєtsya not for vrazhennyami not in Dumka i navіt not have practicality dіyah and deprivation in addition, to constitute chomu Pevnyi Meta. Potrіbno pragnuti dosyagnennya methylene i Pevnyi rank staviti to tsієї dіyalnostі. W kіntsya XIX century. іdeї pragmatism Pocha rozroblyati i populyarizuvati W. Jamie, i in tsіy novіy formі Postal stench in tsentrі uwagi shirokoї fіlosofskoї spіlnoti, viklikavshi masshtabnі diskusії. J. Stvoreny pragmatism. Dyuї іnstrumentalіzm cope naysilnіshy vpliv on spiritual Zhittya US poshirivsya on OAO All spherical Zhittya, od osvіti to Mistetstvo, od etiki to suspіlnoї science.

Klyuchovі words

pragmatism semіotika, sign, sign systems, radical empіrizm, іnstrumentalіzm, CREATIVE vipadok "pragmatic іstina" operatsіonalіzm, semіotichna logіka

"OAO All people od pragnut nature to knowledge. Pong Pocha fіlosofstvuvati, vtіkayuchi od Ignorance ".

Arіstotel

13.1. SEMІOTICHNY PRAGMATISM Ch PІRSA

Digit credibility with zahіdnіy fіlosofії zdobuv pragmatism (c od pragma -. Dіlo, exposure The). Tsya techіya vinikaє naprikіntsі XIX century. the US i naybіlshogo poshirennya dosyagaє seredinі in the XX century. The founder of pragmatism - amerikansky fіlosof, logіk i mathematician Charles Pіrs (1839-1914 pp.). Yogo fіlosofskі Look poєdnuyut Dvi protilezhnі tendentsії: pozitivіstsku (empіrichnu) that ob'єktivіstsku. Zaperechuyuchi vrodzhenі іdeї that іntuїtivne pіznannya, Pіrs vvazhav scho ponyattya about ob'єkt mozhna dosyagnuti deprivation Shlyakhov rozglyadu vsіh practicality naslіdkіv, SSMSC viplivayut іz Act reasonably s CIM ob'єktom. Our knowledge about ob'єkt zavzhdi zalishaєtsya unfinished gіpotetichnim. Navіt matematichnі that logіchnі sudzhennya mozhna zaperechiti kontrprik-Okay. In rozvitku pіznannya suschogo great role nalezhit "CREATIVE vipadku".

Zvinuvativshi all poperednyu fіlosofіyu in vіdіrvanostі od Zhittya, abstraktnostі th spoglyadalnostі, Pіrs visunuv programa "rekonstruktsії in fіlosofії": Won guilty Buti not rozdumami about Basics of Butt i pіznannya and zagalnim method virіshennya problems scho postayut the people in rіznih zhittєvih ( "problematic" ) situatsіyah in protsesі їhnoї praktichnoї dіyalnostі, yak vіdbuvaєtsya in svіtі scho postіyno zmіnyuєtsya.

Pragnuchi realіzuvati programa pragmatism, Charles Pіrs rozvivav teachings about signs - semіotiku, Cauterets Vpershe Bulo pіdnyato on visota fіlo

"Wuxia funktsіya mislennya polyagaє in fact dwellers viroblyati zvichki dії and all scho pov'yazano h Dumka, ale not Got vіdnoshennya to її methylene, Je Yakima growth on nіy, ale not її Chastain."

Ch Pіrs

sofskih uzagalnen. Without uyavlennya about signs vvazhav Pіrs not mozhna zrozumіti zhodnu s sciences. On Location dіalektichnoї logіki Hegel Ch Pіrs put semіotichnu logіku - logіku znakіv abo iconic logіku. OAO All suchasnі doslіdniki viznayut iconic nature logіki.

Sign - Tse those scho him schos zamіschaє. Vіn schos predstavlyaє, reprezentuє. Tsey sign utvoryuє in golovі tієї Helsinki Human, yakіy vіn adresuєtsya, ekvіvalentny sign - іnterpretant. I Pochuttya pillows vistupayut yak porodzhennya one znakіv іnshimi. When harakteristitsі znakіv potrіbno rozrіznyati Pervinnіst, Vtorinnіst i Tretinnіst. Pervinnіst - tse fact alone sobі, yogo prisutnіst mozhliva in dosvіdі. Vtorinnіst - dіysnіst fact yogo vklyuchenіst in vіdnoshennya. Tretinnіst - zagalne rule, law, Money Does vіdpovіdayut i forecast, i povedіnka.

In the framework semіotiki vidіlyaєtsya sintatika, semantics, pragmatics i. Spetsifіka pragmatism polyagaє in fact scho on Purshia plan visuvaєtsya pragmatist. Vaughn vivchaє vіdnoshennya sub'єkta to znakovoї system. Same in pragmatitsі obov'yazkovo is played with mova about tsіlі i tsіnnostі.

Main uwagi Pіrs zvertaє on іstini problem. Vіn viznachaє її yak clearer, virazne, nezaperechuvane knowledge in danіy stadії pіznannya. Іstinnіst - Umov praktichnoї pridatnostі, rezultativnostі in praktitsі. Meaning іstini, її nadіynіst viznachayutsya korisnіstyu. Practicality іnteres Je cause of nashoї zatsіkavlenostі in Poshuk іstini, tobto nashі volovі pragnennya poperedzhuyut dії Rozum, odnochasno stimulyuyuchi Yogo. The very sobі іstina Mauger Buti tіlki vіdnosnoyu, oskіlki practice vimagaє її bezperervnogo do updates, peretvorennya.