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Estetika - Liauchuk LT

Rozdіl III. STRUCTURE ESTETICHNOЇ SVІDOMOSTІ

§ 1. ESTETICHNE POCHUTTYA

Estetichna dіyalnіst suspіlnogo sub'єkta scho rozvivavsya protyagom digit іstorichnogo perіodu, stvoryuє Pevnyi complex pochuttіv, uyavlen, poglyadіv, іdey, SSMSC mi nazivaєmo estetichnoyu svіdomіstyu. Tsya svoєrіdna abstraction Je nasampered Especially spirituality utvorennyam, yak harakterizuє estetichne representations Helsinki Human abo suspіlstva to dіysnostі. Estetichna svіdomіst - digit product іstorichnogo rozvitku suspіlstva, yak Won іsnuє form suspіlnoї svіdomostі scho vіdtvoryuє rіven estetichnogo osvoєnnya svitu. Іsnuє won takozh i yak special person, іndivіdualna characteristic okremoї Helsinki Human.

Estetichna svіdomіst suspіlstva, yak i okremoї osobistostі, formuєtsya tіlki on osnovі estetichnoї practices її rіznomanіtnih forms about SSMSC yshla mova in poperednomu rozdіlі. Bagatogrannіst estetichnoї practice suspіlstva abo individuals porodzhuє i vіdpovіdnu bagatogrannіst estetichnoї svіdomostі structure yakoї dosit foldable. Pevnyi mіroyu Won Je dіtischem and otzhe is like a headache іstorichnih chinnikіv її creation. Rozglyanemo naysuttєvіshі Elements estetichnoї svіdomostі and the Same: estetichne pochuttya, estetichny relish, estetichny іdeal that estetichnu teorіyu. Shcho Well before Mistetstvo, yak yak i іsnuє form estetichnoї dіyalnostі, i yak form estetichnoї svіdomostі, something about Demba ytimetsya in okremomu rozdіlі. Otzhe, zupinimosya on poslіdovnіy harakteristitsі elementіv estetichnoї svіdomostі.

Pochuttya that emotsії, SSMSC perezhivaє Lyudin in protsesі Svoge іsnuvannya in svіtі, chislennі i rіznomanіtnі of character structure is the psihologіchnim mehanіzmom їhnogo protіkannya. Odnі s them - hunger, cold, fear, ostoroga - blizkі to tvarinnih, INSHI vvazhayutsya spetsifіchno lyudskimi i determіnuyutsya vіdpovіdno suspіlnimi i cultural reasons. Estetichne pochuttya nalezhit yakraz to ostannіh Yea i s one nayskladnіshih vidіv spiritual experiences nayblagorodnіshim іz pochuttіv Helsinki Human. Slіd against, zaznachiti scho vono not vrodzhenim Yea, pritamannim lyudinі s Persha dnіv Zhittya. Yak pokazuyut naukovі doslіdi, estetichne pochuttya zarodzhuєtsya in ditini dosit pіzno abo not zarodzhuєtsya zovsіm, Yakscho ditina for yakihos obstavin growth pose lyudskim otochennye.

Estetichne pochuttya, yak th іdealne pochuttya spirituality, minds z'yavlyaєtsya for vіdnosnoї Svobody Helsinki Human od practicality required. The I tse zrozumіlo. Aje zdіbnostі estetichnogo spriymannya zbіlshuyutsya in zv'yazku іz rozvitkom zagalnih zdіbnostey i mozhlivostey Helsinki Human, SSMSC in its Cherga, stale od zagalnogo sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo that spiritual rіvnya rozvitku suspіlstva i lu * dstva in tsіlomu. When tsomu estetichne pochuttya, yak bagatstvo lyudskoї chuttєvostі i duhovnostі, vinikaє i rozvivaєtsya pid vplivom rіznomanіtnih forms praktichnoї dіyalnostі, s yakih Lyudin stverdzhuє does not tіlki yak іstota scho potrebuє Pevnyi materіalnih minds for іsnuvannya and second yak іstota scho Vilna i zdatna tvoriti pose such requests. Tobto sphere pochuttіv formuєtsya in Helsinki Human yak sphere is not practical deprivation, and th s spiritual zv'yazku navkolishnіm svіtom.

Zіr, yak vіdomo, vlastivy mayzhe vsіm kinds vischih tvarin, eye ale, scho vmіє nasolodzhuvatisya krasoyu predmetіv, volodіє Person of deprivation. Body hearing takozh vlastivy Bhagat tvarinam but muzichny hearing Je tіlki in Helsinki Human. Utvorennya zovnіshnіh pochuttіv, SSMSC zabezpechuyut pristosuvannya zhivih іstot to navkolishnogo seredovischa - tse naslіdok dovgotrivaloї bіologіchnoї evolyutsії svitu and viniknennya i rozvitok estetichnih spirituality pochuttіv - result usієї sotsіalnoї іstorії lyudstva. Vіdpovіdno to rіznomanіtnih forms dіyalnostі that spіlkuvannya narodzhuyutsya i rozvivayutsya in Helsinki Human muzichno chutlive vuho, spriynyatlive to Crazy Eye - tobto pochuttya-zdіb-nostі to lyudskoї Nasoloda svіtom. Activity spriymannya dovkolishnogo svitu through forms lyudskoї chuttєvostі not Je zdatnіstyu scho mortgages in us by nature (in vіdmіnu od organіv chuttya themselves), and Je-product of cultural іstorichnim. Form spoglyadannya i uyavlennya already nіyak not zadayutsya anatomical and fіzіologіchnimi Especially organіv spriymannya. Pong vinikayut i rozvivayutsya fallow od dіyalnostі Helsinki Human forms that rozmaїtostі їh. Slіd at tsomu pam'yatati scho organic chuttya funktsіonuyut in tіsnomu zv'yazku mіzh him, vsієyu nervovoyu system that mozk. Otzhe, hoch estetichne pochuttya i do not oposeredkovuєtsya ratsіonalnim mislennyam against vono TER Je іntelektualnim processes, scho yak Person of zdіysnyuєtsya tsіlіsnim sub'єktom. Tse daє right nazvati lyudskі pochuttya theoreticity, іntelektualnimi on vіdmіnu od pochuttіv tvarini, SSMSC dіyut yak reflektornі - at vіdpovіd on zovnіshnє podraznennya. Rozvitok lyudskogo pochuttya tіsno pov'yazany s rozvitkom іntelektu Helsinki Human yak at fіlogenezі, so i have ontogenezі.

Oskіlki lyudskі pochuttya oposeredkovuvali not tіlki vzaєmodіyu s yavischami Helsinki Human Nature and minutes of labor processes, the tse, in his Cherga, sponukalo vdoskonalennya іntelektualnih zdіbnostey, rozvitok mozk. Vіdomy fіlosof E. Іlєnkov so opisuє Tsey processes "Vlasna form" (Form fіzіologіchna) organіv spriymannya Helsinki Human podіbna to "forms of wax" in the Same to vіdnoshennі, scho in nіy structurally fіzіologіchno not "zakodovana" zazdalegіd (aprіorі) zhodna s forms їhnogo dіyalnogo funktsіonuvannya. Structurally stink pristosovanі evolyutsієyu the Same to the first, Abi spriymati form whether yakogo subject pogodzhuvati his dіyalnіst s whether yakoyu objective form. "Form spoglyadannya" yak i "Form mislennya" - Pichet vіn Dali - ni Where Money Does not razі naslіduyutsya fіzіologіchno, tobto time s i anatomієyu organіv mislennya spriynyattya. Pong schorazu vіdtvoryuyutsya in іndivіduumі Shlyakhov RIGHT Tsikh organіv i naslіduyutsya Especially Shlyakhov - through the form of quiet predmetіv, SSMSC stvorenі Lyudin for Helsinki Human, through the form of subject-th company profile lyudskogo svitu. Culture, Helsinki Human target Prace, Je materіalnim nosієm forms mislennya i forms spoglyadannya through scho stink peredayutsya od pokolіnnya one to the other. " '

Culture, її predmetnі okreslennya, spiritual zmіst and takozh lyudska spіlnota - that Je nosії forms vіdchuttya svitu i mislennya forms. Okrema Lyudin ovolodіvaє such forms іndivіdualno - through rіznі Method dіyalnostі i spіlkuvannya through GRU that navchannya. Pose svіtom culture that lyudskoї spіlnostі tsі rodovі vlastivostі Helsinki Human rozvivayutsya not. Saying to Іnakshe, sposіb peredachі childbirth vlastivostey Je sotsіokulturnim instead bіologіchnim, genetichnim, yak at tvarin. Bіologіchnimi that genetichnimi in Helsinki Human Je deprivation peredumovi for sotsіalnoї FORMS zhittєdіyalnostі for vіdpovіdnih forms spoglyadannya i mislennya. Pong formuyutsya at Rann ditinstvі peretvoryuyutsya i have spravzhnі psihіchnі mehanіzmi and Dali dіyut yak "prirodnі" zdіbnostі Helsinki Human. Tom i stink Well zdayutsya such natural Especially lyudskoї іstoti, yak i anatomіchny warehouse її tіla. Tsі zdіbnostі vlastivі usіm people rіznyatsya deprivation mіroyu їhnogo rozvitku that cultural etnіchnimi Especially Wink. Axis chomu skladaєtsya vrazhennya scho FORMS mislennya that form spoglyadannya i chutlivostі uspadkovuyutsya so very, yak i kolіr eyes, nose shape.

Іndivіd scho tіlki-but go in Zhittya, Got prepare not deprivation sotsіalno-ekonomіchny ustrіy and second Pevnyi culture suspіlstva, materіalnі i duhovnі tsіnnostі. For Demba stink stayut minds Yogo dіysnogo Butt. Tіlki vzhe at protsesі practical privlasnennya іndivіdom sotsіalnogo dosvіdu, vistupaє scho yogo yak's World dіysnogo Butt, pochinayut olyudnyuvatisya yogo pervіsnі bіologіchnі vimogi that pochuttya, formuyutsya Sotho lyudskі duhovnі require

1 Ilyenkov B. The aesthetic nature of imagination // Problems. aesthetics. M., 1964. Vol. 6. S. 7.

i zdіbnostі, Until such nalezhat estetichna required, and takozh estetichne representation yak zdatnіst zadovolnyati її. With Estetichna require vinikaє deprivation at nayavnostі estetichnogo pochuttya - tsієї pіdvalini spiritual representations to svitu. Іnshimi words estetichne pochuttya Je tim spirituality utvorennyam, yak viznachaє stupіn sotsіalіzatsії іndivіda, rіven pіdnesennya yogo take up to lyudskih Sotho. Slіd at tsomu zauvazhiti scho Person of Mauger not zadovolniti yakus okremu needful, not zadovolnyayuchis tsіlkom yak osobistіst. Napriklad have not zvichaynih Minds Person of Buda PITI s kalyuzhі, navіt Yakscho її torment Sprague. Requires dwellers won opine in such obstavinah, if not vіdsutnіst minds and samoї pitnoї Vod put її before Vibor: PITI s kalyuzhі abo vmerti od Sprague. And as for zvichaynih minds (when vsіy rіznomanіtnostі їh) estetichne pochuttya Helsinki Human, її tsіnnіsna orієntatsіya obumovlyuyut form of order zadovolennya character i s practicality potreb estetichnih Yea i vazhlivoyu sotsіalnoyu osobistostі characteristics. Vіdpovіdna cultural structure that hudozhnіh tsіnnostey pevnoї Epoch Got up at vіdnoshennyu іndivіda normative. Zasvoєnі іndivіdom in protsesі sotsіalnoї vzaєmodії i spiritual vihovannya estetichnі tsіnnostі scho panuyut in suspіlstvі, Yea for Demba orієntirom in Yogo estetichnomu stavlennі to dіysnostі, sluguyut Etalon formuvannya NKVD spiritual svitu, vnutrіshnoї structuring individual.

Oposeredkovanіst estetichnogo Nagybanya poperednіm, zafіksovanim in kulturі dosvіdom lyudstva, Je odnієyu s reasons spіlnostі estetichnogo pochuttya people. Schopravda, mіra takoї spіlnostі rіzna. Character svіtospriymannya Mauger Buti zagalnim for tsіloї іstorichnoї Epoch. Nayviraznіshe tse vіdchuvaєtsya in mistetstvі. Same to romantic svіtospriymannya easily vіdrіzniti od realіstichnogo naturalіstichnogo abo pid hour spіlkuvannya s vіdpovіdnimi Mistetstvo happening. Not viklyuchena mozhlivіst takozh Know skhozhіst estetichnogo pochuttya in natsіonalno-etnіchnіy spіlnostі people. Deposits tse peredusіm od sotsіalno cultural rozmaїttya lyudskoї spіlnostі: cpm skladnіsha sotsіalna, cultural, etnіchna, demografіchna suspіlstva structure, team rіznomanіtnіshimi Je estetichnі pochuttya people.

Form estetichnogo svіtospriymannya scho panuyut in suspіlstvі, vistupayut on vіdnoshennyu to okremogo іndivіda not have viglyadі rules SSMSC nav'yazuyut Pevnyi representations to the Helsinki Human dіysnostі - stink skorіshe carols model values ​​on osnovі yakih Lyudin buduє Vlasnyi svіtospriymannya system. Vid of yaky complex sotsіokultur-faktorіv them naybіlshe vpline on іndivіdualny rozvitok individuals deposits yakіst іndivіdualnogo estetichnogo pochuttya. Stupіn yogo rozvitku іndivіdualny i takozh digit mіroyu deposits od zusil samoї individuals її zdatnostі ovolodіti bagatstvom estetichnoї culture. Stupіn rozvinenostі estetichnogo pochuttya Yea i vodnochase mіroyu sotsіalіzatsії osobistostі. Nizky rіven yogo svіdchit about nizku Helsinki Human spirituality, about nezdatnіst її pіdnyatisya to spravdі suspіlnoї FORMS whether yakogo act zhittєdіyalnostі. Bezduhovnіst, nitsіst, crude utilitarianism potreb i Bazhanov osobistostі svіdchat about nerozvinenіst estetichnogo pochuttya.

Zvichayno not possible not vrahovuvati ob'єktivnі sotsіalnі minds shaping can Buti SSMSC nespriyatlivimi for estetichnogo rozvitku okremoї individuals yak, so i perevazhnoї bіlshostі population. Tom dostupnіst bagatstv estetichnoї culture, tobto rіvnі vsіh right people on osvіtu on volodіnnya іnformatsієyu on vikoristannya bіblіotek, muzeїv that іnshih zakladіv culture Yea vazhlivoyu minds sotsіalnoї spravedlivostі i rіvnostі.

Stupіn rozvinenostі estetichnogo pochuttya suttєvo vplivaє the character i yakіst suspіlnoї dіyalnostі lyudini.- Nayviraznіshe tse vіdchuvaєtsya potyagu have to be painted, dovershenostі, garmonії. Same characteristics of individuals yak sutnіsna estetichne pochuttya nakladaє vіdbitok on whether yaky manifested dіyalnostі that Helsinki Human spiritual experience. Vono not tіlki zabezpechuє garmonіzatsіyu zovnіshnogo svitu through dіyalnіst and second zbagachuє, robit bagatomanіtnimi vnutrіshnіy Helsinki Human's World, її duhovnі ustremlіnnya.

Bezsumnіvno scho Especially vpliv on rozvitok estetichnogo pochuttya zdіysnyuє Mistetstvo. Same-hudozhno mistetskі Nagybanya rozvivayut zdіbnіst chuttєvo spriymati's World in lyudski, tobto in cultural rozvinenogo spoglyadannya. In tsomu i polyagaє spetsіalna mіsіya artist that creates in Yogo rozvitku vsієї tsivіlіzatsії. Mistetstvo rozvivaє vischі, naybіlsh rafіnovanі FORMS lyudskogo spoglyadannya that spetsіalno kultivuє zdіbnіst іntelektualnogo uyavlennya, yak in nizhchih forms Svoge rozvitku vinikaє uniquely ranіshe i Square od Mistetstvo, ale potіm staє note pіdґruntyam on Money Does vinikayut Especially, hudozhnya tvorchіst, іntuїtsіya, fantazіya, Creator of uyavlennya . Pevnyi mіroyu Mistetstvo Je dosvіdom svіtospriymannya, vono zabezpechuє zberezhennya not tіlki culture pochuttіv and second spherical їhnogo rozvitku i zbagachennya. W Relief Mistetstvo mi rozvivaєmo i zbagachuєmo NKVD, іndivіdualny dosvіd svіtospriymannya, rozshiryuєmo vmіnnya osyagti vnutrіshnіy's World іnshoї Helsinki Human, bachiti i vіdchuvati's World ochima strangers. A otzhe, mi rozvivaєmo in sobі zdatnіst spіvchuvati іnshomu, vіdchuvati chuzhu radіst i bіdu.

Estetichnі pochuttya such rank, Je pіdvalinami estetichnoї svіdomostі on yakih mozhut formuvatisya skladnіshі Elements її structures scho zabezpechuyut estetichny rozvitok i vdoskonalennya individuals that suspіlstva. Maєtsya on uvazі estetichny relish, estetichny іdeal, estetichnі Look i teorії.