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Estetika - Liauchuk LT

§ 2. ESTETICHNY SMAK

Kategorіya estetichnogo relish z'yavilasya in єvropeyskіy nautsі in the XVII century. Yak result rozvitku novih techіy Mistetstvo XV -. cob XVII century, scho Lama starі canonical i porodzhuvali needful in unіversalnih kriterіyah їh otsіnki. W іnshogo side, rozvitok іndivіdualnostі, zapochatkovany Epoch Renaissance, becoming a power about mozhlivіst sub'єktivnoї, samostіynoї otsіnki hudozhnogo create, yak ґruntuєtsya on pochuttі estetichnogo zadovolennya abo relish. Ale w yak todі Buti s rozumіnnyam vsezagalnostі relish, Yakscho otsіnka Got absolutely sub'єktivny character? Tacke power Bulo dosit difficult for science XVII - XVIII Art. Especially in the I vnesok rozv'yazannya yogo vnіs vidatny nіmetsky fіlosof I. Kant. Poperedniki Kant vzhe Zroby Step to pereotsіnki chuttєvogo that іrratsіonalnogo scho becomes the basis of a new uyavlennya about Lyudin. Pong viznachali relish yak zdіbnіst іntuїtivno vіdchuvati beautiful, pochuttya yak, scho vіlne od whether yakih utilіtarnih mіrkuvan that Square od sudzhen Rozum.

Kant vvazhav scho suttєvim estetichnim factor relish Je pochuttya zadovolennya, yak suprovodzhuє spoglyadannya beautiful. Nezaіnteresovany character, scho tsomu vlastivy pochuttyu i yaky yogo vіdrіznyaє od utilіtarnogo that moral pochuttіv, viznachaєtsya Kant so i yak yogo poperednikami. Pochuttya beautiful lezhit in pіdґruntі relish. Same od Demba deposits sudzhennya ostannogo. Against Yakscho tsі sudzhennya, nezvazhayuchi on їhnє іndivіdualne dzherelo, mіstyat in sobі fun- vsezagalnostі scho nadaє їm bezmezhnu dostovіrnіst then Tsey principle vsezagalnostі Got Booty pritamannim to estetichnomu pochuttyu. Kant vvazhav scho pochuttya zadovolennya viklikaєtsya vsezagalnoyu dotsіlnіstyu, yak yak іsnuє sub'єktivno form aprіornogo svіdomostі principle that ob'єktivno - yak pure form of the object. So rank, estetichne pochuttya abo pochuttya zadovolennya Je usvіdomlennyam dotsіlnostі subject.

However, the remaining power virіshennya tsogo slit th doninі wear diskusіyny character. Usuperech vіdomomu latinskomu prislіv'yu - "pro relishes not sperechayutsya" skazhemo: sperechalis i dosit Zhvavyi sperechayutsya.

In chomu Well protirіchchya reason for this? Viznannya right of individuals per іndivіdualny relish, s one side, i nezgodi priynyati chuzhu estetichnu otsіnku, s the other? Vіdrazu obmovimosya: Je zhittі in scope, de pro relishes spravdі not sperechayutsya, more sperechatisya Bulo b nerozumno. Ale tse sphere of purely fіzіologіchnogo vіdchuttya - scho relish and scho Nesmachniy. Tse skorіshe not relish, and upodobannya, Money Does nadaєtsya perevaga: Licorice Chi Solon gіrkomu chi sour, cold Chi garjachego toscho. Takі characteristics predmetіv not toil suspіlnogo zmіstu, and that i do not torkayutsya іnteresіv іnshoї Helsinki Human.

Zovsіm Lots Other - estetichny relish. Vіn takozh gliboko іndivіdualny but nalezhit zovsіm to іnshoї spherical - spherical suspіlnoї, sotsіalnoї. Estetichny not relish Je prirodzhenoyu vlastivіstyu lyudinіGTTiogO not mozhna zvoditi doTіsihofїzyulogіchnih reaktsіy. "Tse sotsіalna, spiritual yakіst Helsinki Human scho formuєtsya, yak i bagato іnshih sotsіalnih yakostey in protsesі vihovannya that navchannya Helsinki Human.

Estetichny relish Je odnієyu s nayvazhlivіshih characteristics NKVD formation, scho vіdbivaє rіven samoviznachennya kozhnoї okremoї Helsinki Human. Tobto estetichny not relish zvoditsya to zdatnostі estetichnoї otsіnki, oskіlki not zZoshnyaєtsya ~ on samіy otsіntsі and zavershuєtsya prisvoєnnyam abo zaperechennyam kulturnoї estetichnoї tsіnnostі. Tom vіrnіshe bude viznachiti estetichny relish yak zdatnіst osobistostі to іndivіdualnogo vіdboru estetichnih tsіnnostey, and Tim himself to samorozvitku i samovihovannya.

Spravdі, Lyudin, yakіy vlastive pochuttya estetichnogo relish, virіznyaєtsya s-pomіzh іnshih Pevnyi zavershenіstyu, tsіlіsnіstyu, Je tobto not tіlki lyudskim іndivіdom and second osobistіstyu. Rіznitsya polyagaє in fact scho іndivіdu cial position to acquaint themselves - to become, __ ^ vіk zrіst, kolіr hair th eyes, type psihіki - osobistіst volodіє takozh іndivіdualnim vnutrіshnіm spirituality svіtom, yaky viznachaєtsya Pevnyi sotsіalnimi tsіnnostyami that upodobannyami.

Becoming osobistostі - processes trivaly, yaky, Vlasnyi not zavershuєtsya to ostannіh dnіv Zhittya Helsinki Human. Prote Je vіkova boundary - od 13 to 20 rokіv, if formuyutsya osnovnі sotsіalnі osobistostі characteristics, in addition chislі th estetichny relish. Tsіnnіst kozhnoї osobistostі i polyagaє sama in її nepovtornostі, svoєrіdnostі. Digit tse mіroyu dosyagaєtsya tim, scho in protsesі formuvannya on osobistіst vplivaє reentrant complex cultural tsіnnostey i orієntatsіy spirituality. Otzhe, stvoryuєtsya unіkalnіst minds formuvannya kozhnoї Helsinki Human. The I estetichny relish at tsomu not staє tіlki іnstrumentom creations takoї unіkalnostі and second zasobom її ob'єktivatsії, suspіlnogo samostverdzhennya.

Yakscho govorito about vіdsutnіst estetichnogo relish, the tse "peredusіm manifested vseyadїyustі, tobto of acceptance Lyudin whether yakih zagalnoviznanih estetichnih i cultural tsіnnostey. Vseyadnіst yakraz harakterizuє ^ nedostatnіst NKVD representation to svitu, nezdatnіst vіdіbrati s bagatstv culture Ti tsіnnostі, SSMSC naybіlshoyu mіroyu rozvivayut, dopovnyuyut , shlіfuyut prirodnі nahili, spriyayut cultural, moral, profesіynomu vdoskonalennyu osobistostі.

Estetichny relish Je svoєrіdnim pochuttyam mіri, vmіnnyam znahoditi neobhіdnu dostatnіst in NKVD stavlennі to svitu culture i tsіnnostey. Nayavnіst estetichnogo relish proyavlyaєtsya yak vіdpovіdnіst vnutrіshnogo i zovnі-shїGogo, garmonіya spirit i sotsіalnoї povedіnki, sotsіalnoї realіzatsії osobistostі.

Often estetichny relish zvodyat deprivation to zovnіshnіh forms yogo Wink. Napriklad, rozglyadayut relish yak zdіb-nіstlyudini ^ dotrimuvatis Modi yak at vuzkomu, so i in naishirTїїomu rozumіnnyu Tobto relish zvodyat to umіnnya fashionable vdyagatisya, vіdvіduvati modnі vistavki that spektaklі, know about ostannі lіteraturnі publіkatsії. Zvichayno all tse not superechit forms ob'єktivatsії relish against estetich-schsh_sm ^] Spanish avd1zhs_okogo rіvnya - not tіlki, bіlshe, do not stіlki zovnіshnі manifest, skіlki gliboka garmonіchna spoluka spiritual bagatstva individual s vіdpovіdnіstyu її sotsіalnogo Wink. Aje osobistіst scho volodіє estetichnim gusto, slіpo not doderzhuєtsya Modi, while vipadku, if fashionable odyag neytralіzuє, deformuє її іndivіdualnі osoblivostі, smіlivo Won Mauger Why old-fashioned abo neutral to Modi. In tsomu i proyavlyaєtsya її estetichny relish. Sche bіlshoyu mіroyu vibіrkovim vіn Mauger Buti schodo forms povedіnki i spіlkuvannya. Oso ^ davostіspіlku-vannya Yea, Mabuchi, headache characteristics osobistostі. Same to stvoriti truthfully about uyavlennya Lyudin mozhna deprivation of minds spіlkuvannya abo spіlnoї pratsі. Vmіnnya Helsinki Human poslіdovno that tsіlespryamovano rozvivati ​​i kultivuvati osobistі sotsіokulturnі vlastivostі through vіdbіr that zasvoєnnya Pevnyi * Cultural tsіnnostey Yea i іndivіdualnim estetichnim gusto.

Estetichny relish Got takozh i Especially modifіkatsіyu - hudozhnіy relish. Rozvivaєtsya vіn on osnovі estetichnogo i vzaєmno vplivaє to Demba. Hudozhnіy relish formuєtsya tіlki through spіlkuvannya Zi svіtom "Mistetstvo i digit mіroyu viznachaєtsya hudozhnoyu osvіtoyu Helsinki Human, tobto knowledge of her іstorії Mistetstvo, zakonіv formotvorennya rіznih vidіv, Mistetstvo, mamboo.com This user s lіteraturno-hudozhnoyu criticism. Ale oskіlki zmіstom Mistetstvo Yea that railway system itself suspіlnih tsіnnostey ( schopravda, presented at danomu razі in hudozhnіy formі) then i hudozhnіy relish staє subject superechok in usyakomu razі vіdtodі, yak viniklo sama ponyattya "relish".

Tsі superechki Je tіlki mozhlivimi not, the stench became neobhіdnimi, to scho stosuyutsya tsіnnostey, SSMSC stanovlyat very spiritual structure lyudskoї osobistostі Yea i viznachalnimi yak for nature osobistoї samosvіdomostі, so i for nature іndivіdualnoї zhittєdіyalnostі. Otzhe, osobistіst yak suspіlna іstota zatsіkavlena in suspіlnomu viznannі quiet tsіnnostey, SSMSC viznachayut її duhovnostі system її orієntiri that require schodo Censu Zhittya.

Such was mіroyu Well, yak i for vіdnoshennyu to osobistostі, estetichny she relishes hudozhnіy mozhut harakterizuvati upodobannya, simpatії that antipatії sotsіalnogo prosharku abo class. Estetichny relish, obumovleny usіm complex suspіlnih obstavin, i in klasovomu stratifіkovanomu suspіlstvі zavzhdi Nese on sobі vіdbitok klasovih upodoban, tsіley that tsіnnostey. Єdinih estetichnih smakіv that upodoban, SSMSC boule b pritamannі vsіm peoples usіh chasіv, usіm suspіlnim GROUP, not іsnuє. Schodo tsogo M. Czerny-shevsky, napriklad, perekonlivo showing naskіlki vіdrіznyayutsya Etalon zhіnochoї Crazy fallow od rіznih minds Zhittya and otzhe, od sotsіalnogo rozsharuvannya on-Rod.

"Slіd, zvichayno, rozumіti scho іndivіdualny relish not zavzhdi Mauger pretenduvati on zagalnoznachuschіst, Hoch i do not superechit suspіlnim tsіnnostyam." Tom neobhіdno Buti taktovnim i terplyachim in stavlennі to mіrkuvan іnshih people viznayuchi them Rivne right to Vlasnyi Poshuk i samostіyny see. Tobto about horoshі relishes not sperechayutsya.

Іnsha rіch, if just past about relishes, scho pretenduyut on zagalnoznachuschіst. Tse stosuєtsya peredusіm tvorіv Mistetstvo. Artist, yak vіdomo, vistupaє not od Svoge NKVD іmenі, vіn vikoristovuє Mistetstvo, through its dwellers CREATIVE obdarovanіst i profesіonalіzm viraziti suspіlnі require tsіnnostі, upodobannya. Same to do the first Mistetstvo naychastіshe stayut subject superechok i diskusіy. Artist, yak usually Perche Vinos suspіlne-approved novі yavischa Zhittya abo zdіysnyuє pereotsіnku steel uyavlen i tsіnnostey. When tsomu Tsei processes pov'yazany s Poshuk novih zobrazhuvalno-virazhalnih zasobіv, hudozhnoї MTIE, SSMSC bear provіdne smislove navantazhennya.

All Tse robit otsіnku hudozhnogo creates the right folding i vіdpovіdalnoyu. Yakas porіvnyano spіlna Dumka viroblyaєtsya deprivation protyagom trivalih hudozhno Critical diskusіy. Same to slіd pokladatisya not tіlki on svіy estetichny relish, and th s znayomitisya lіteraturno-critical, negotiated hudozhnogo create, obmіnyuvatis Dumka s іnshimi glyadachami abo chitachami. Estetichnі hudozhnі she relishes not lishayutsya nezmіnnimi protyagom usogo Zhittya Helsinki Human. Vіk, zhittєvy Way, bagatstvo hudozhnogo dosvіdu Helsinki Human shlіfuyut i vіdtochuyut її relish and nerіdko stink zdatnі nadovgo konservuvati upodobannya abo, navpaki, ROBIT Lyudin terplyachoyu i bagatogrannoyu.

Hotіlosya used at tsomu zauvazhiti, scho not tіlki nesmak, vseyadnіst Je antipodes good relish. Sche bіlshoyu mіroyu syudi mozhna vіdnesti spotvoreny relish. Just past the Same about relish, oskіlki maєtsya on uvazі usvіdomlene upodobannya i addicted. Spotvorena obranіst schodo antitsіnnostey determіnuєtsya sotsіalnimi obstavinami i virazhaє antisuspіlnu, inhumanity spryamovanіst dіyalnostі іndivіda abo sotsіalnoї groupies.

Vinikaє power, yak i rozrіznyati Welcome relishes trash? Chi іsnuyut ob'єktivnі kriterії relish? Meals virіshuєtsya in rіznomu. Chastina vchenih vvazhayut sudzhennya relish sub'єktivnimi i on tsіy pіdstavі vіdkidayut neobhіdnіst Poshuk ob'єktivnogo kriterіyu of Quality relish. Prote bіlshіst doslіdnikіv vvazhayut scho schodo ni relativism relish, yaky viznaє OAO All relishes pravomіrnimi, ni dogmatism, yaky vimagaє chіtkih rules i normativіv good relish, not zdatnі virіshiti tse folding power. Aje Welcome relish Yea same bagatovarіantnim, yak i trash, tobto relishes rіznomanіtnі that mіnlivі, stink shaping can іsnuvati in numerical varіantah. That all are їh mozhna vіdrіznyati one od one oskіlki іsnuyut ob'єktivnі kriterії relish.

Sudzhennya estetichnogo relish, yak already pіdkreslyuvalosya - tse otsіnka dіysnostі in vіdpovіdnostі s estetichnimi pochuttyami need, іnteresami that svіtoglyadom Helsinki Human. Otzhe, estetichny smak.є єdnіstyu ob'єktivnogo i sub'єktiv-noґoT tobto in sudzhennі relish znahodyat vіdobrazhennya not tіlki ~~ yaGOs'tT subject scho spriymaєtsya and minutes of Quality sub'єkta scho spriymaє. In nomu vіdbivaєtsya svoєrіdnіst pochuttіv, іntelektu, culture sub'єkta, yogo osvіchenіst, sotsіalny camp.

Sudzhennya relish spiraєtsya on svoєrіdny іntelektualny mehanіzm - ^ ^ helshschh.іsch їtsіk), yak ґruntuєtsya on tvorchіy uyavі scho daє zmogu spriymati image "tsіlogo" (subject yavischa, processes), not pіddayuchi yogo logіchnomu rozchlenuvannyu, analіtichnomu opratsyuvannyu Rozum. Tobto mehanіzm estetichnogo sudzhennya, abo sudzhennya relish, then Je spetsifіchna form pіznannya scho daє zmogu through rozvinute estetichne pochuttya pіznavati yavischa dіysnostі, SSMSC slit pіznanі not science, not formalіzovanі, tobto not virazhenі in ponyattі, formulі, the category. Іnshimi words estetichna іntuїtsіya (CREATIVE uyava) Je Especially іntelektualnim processes, yaky ґruntuєtsya on rozvinenіy lyudskіy chuttєvostі i daє zmogu їy correctly ob'єktivno (schodo lyudskih required) spriymati navkolishnіy's World.

Ob'єktivnoyu Basics superechki schodo smakіv Je not just anarhіya, svavіllya NKVD, grupovogo abo іnshih upodoban. In Tsikh osnovі superechok - іstinne neіstin-abo not suspіlnomu zhittі, іstinnі abo hibnі tsіnnostі. Virіshuєtsya tse power usіm Zhittya suspіlstva, vsієyu yogo іstorієyu. Otzhe, superechki schodo smakіv Je deprivation moment at vsezagalnomu protsesі rozvitku suspіlstva that yogo samopіznannya, viznachennya Censu Zhittya i NKVD zhittєvogo high road, scho th virіshiti blame yourself for cutaneous okrema Lyudin. And all tse not do without pomilok, Oman, hibnih poshukіv i krokіv, uyavnih vіruvan.