Estetika - Liauchuk LT

§ 5. KATEGORІYA ESTETICHNE

That Je naybіlsh zagalna kategorіya estetiki, yak harakterizuє spetsifіku vsіh forms estetichnoї dіyalnostі, scho th vіdrіznyaє їh od usіh forms lyudskoї dіyalnostі. Vіdrazu nagolosimo Well, scho kategorіya estetichne sformuvalasya pіznіshe, nіzh usі INSHI, about SSMSC vzhe yshlosya. Mi znasmo scho beautiful - naydavnіsha estetichna kategorіya, i Dovgy hour sama won viznachala sutnіst estetichnih yavisch. That pochinayuchi іz the middle of the XVIII century, if nіmetsky fіlosof Baumgarten uvіv termіn "estetika" zagalny yak, scho ob'єdnuє scope of that wonderful zasobіv yogo i pіznannya creation, rozvitok science was theoretically giving mozhlivіst obgruntuvati th viznachiti mezhі estetichnih yavisch.; stink viyavilisya uniquely Shirshov the purview of beauty.

Sutnіst estetichnih yavisch, about scho said at poperednіh rozdіlah away z'yasuvati deprivation on gruntі bіlsh rozvinenogo fіlosofskogo method dіalektiki i materіalіzmu. Aje correctly rozumіnnya sutnostі estetichnogo mozhlive tіlki todі, if Lyudin, її sutnіsnі Sealy rozglyadati in minds zhittєvih obstavin, SSMSC їh otochuyut i roblyat note, denote stink Yea naspravdі. Krіm of potrіbne i rozumіnnya svitu yak zhivoї, chuttєvoї dіyalnostі іndivіdіv- yogo nevіd'єmnih skladnikіv th Activity peretvoryuvachіv.

Otzhe, zrozumіti scho Takeo estetichne yak chuttєve possible not Shlyakhov analіzu i sistematizatsії specific ob'єktіv estetichnogo spriynyattya and through vіdkrittya zagalnih zakonіv practical and spiritual osvoєnnya Lyudin dіysnostі through rozumіnnya of yak tsі Zakoni obumovlyuyut Especially the structure lyudskogo pіznannya, yak i robit mozhlivim that neobhіdnim estetichne vіdnoshennya i spriymannya. Just past, Vlasnyi, about the practicality problem doslіdzhennya i spirituality peredumov, SSMSC іstorichno vinikayut in hodі rozvitku lyudskoї spіlnoti.

Estetichne spriynyattya zavzhdi aktsentuєtsya sama on suspіlnu znachuschіst rechі, yavischa, vchinku. In aktі estetichnogo vіdnoshennya dovkolishnіy's World tsіkavit Lyudin not itself sobі, while tіsnomu zv'yazku s її dіyalnіstyu i zmіstom Zhittya. Same tse daє zmogu іndivіdovі in aktі chuttєvogo spriynyattya vodnochase i pіznavati suspіlnu sutnіst yavischa, otsіnyuvati yogo s Look of nayvischogo іnteresu scho gruntuєtsya on vsіy sukupnostі suspіlnih Helsinki Human Performance. Axis wrote scho s tsogo drive vіdomy ukrainian vcheny A. Kanarsky in pratsі, prisvyachenіy tsіy problemі: "The very sobі Retschow, natural aspect of the subject abo yavischa not becoming a phenomenon zmіstu chuttєvogo: purely objective, natural vіdnoshennya Helsinki Human navkolishnogo up to nature is not іsnuє. Vono zavzhdi vіdbivaє representations to the Helsinki Human Helsinki Human іnshoї to suspіlstva to the class of people, kіntsevomu pіdsumku - through vіdnoshennya її to samoї currently. Tom i Absent takoї rechі, yak in dії tіlki one vіdchuttya viznachala b chuttєvy mill Helsinki Human "19.

Before estetiki yak fіlosofskoї science, scho viznachila svіy subject vzhe Baumgarten pred'yavlyav vimogi Buti vodnochase i teorієyu chuttєvogo pіznannya, i teorієyu hudozhnoї dіyalnostі, Mistetstvo. The I spravdі, Won could not obmezhitisya deprivation vivchennyam chuttєvogo pіznannya, more ruined b svoє samostіyne value peretvorilasya just rozdіl fіlosofskoї teorії pіznannya. That Yakscho estetitsі obmezhitisya tіlki teorієyu Mistetstvo, Won ruin svіy phone reception h fіlosofієyu, vtratit logіko-gnoseologіchnu basis, yak so neobhіdna for rozumіnnya Nature Mistetstvo, estetichnoї dіyalnostі Helsinki Human vzagalі. In this vipadku, Won became used purely empіrichnim inventory rіznih vidіv Mistetstvo abo Well їhnoyu іstorієyu. Axis chomu before estetikoyu stoїt ninі zavdannya organіchno zv'yazati tsі two rіznih moments i stvoriti abo Taku teorіyu pіznannya, yak became b teorієyu Mistetstvo, abo Taku teorіyu pіznannya i hudozhnoї dіyalnostі, yak bula b i i її teorієyu pіznannya logіkoyu. So wrote 70-i Rocky vіdomy our fіlosof Kopnіn P. 20.

Vіtchiznyana estetichna science spirayuchis on dosyagnennya svіtovoї estetichnoї pillows, held in 60-80th Rokach poslіdovne complex nature doslіdzhennya estetichnogo, vіdchutno nablizhayuchis to іstinnogo rozumіnnya yogo sutnostі. Tsі doslіdzhennya boule predstavlenі rіznimi school I directly - "prirodnikami", "suspіlnikami" predstavnikami so zvanoї trudovoї kontseptsії i "dіyalnіsnogo" pіdhodu. However, when vsіy rozmaїtostі pіdhodіv to virіshennya problemi estetichnogo such rіznih vchenih, yakimi boule M. Lіfshits that Pospelov, G. Nedoshivіn that Іlenkov E., Tolstoy B. that C. Goldentriht V. Іvanov that A. Kanarsky, target them teorіya uniquely rozshirila subject estetiki, Vivel estetiku for mezhі fіlosofії Mistetstvo.

19 Canary speakers. The dialectic of the aesthetic process // Dialectics of aesthetic as the theory of sensory perception. K., 1979, p 132.

20 Div .: Kopnin PV epistemological and logical foundations of science. M., 1974, pp 263.

Vreshtі-Rasht sformuvalosya stіyke i was theoretically obґruntovane uyavlennya about estetichne yak spetsifіchne spiritually chuttєve vіdnoshennya to Helsinki Human svitu. Nayvazhlivіshoyu characteristics such vіdnoshennya Je zdatnіst Helsinki Human samorea-lіzuvatisya tsіlіsno i vsebіchno.

Narodzhuyuchis time s practical, utilіtarnoyu require estetichna require growth i rozvivaєtsya deprivation of minds rozvitku Svobody Helsinki Human, Nezalezhnosti її otochuyuchogo seredovischa od, od prirodnoї neobhіdnostі. Svit estetichnogo i Krasa - tse's World, de Person of Je vіlnoyu od povsyakdennoї praktichnoї required. Same to rozvitok estetichnogo spiritual vіdnoshennya to dіysnostі bezposeredno pov'yazany іz zrostannyam materіalnoї mogutnostі lyudstva. Aje pochuttya scho perebuvayut in polonі gruboї praktichnoї require volodіyut deprivation obmezhenim zmіstom. For Nadto Helsinki Human zgolodnіloї not іsnuє lyudskoї FORMS їzhі, bo won dumaє about їzhu yak about іsnuvannya i samy processes of acceptance її little denote vіdrіznyaєtsya od poglinannya їzhі tvarinoyu. Axis chomu zasmuchena Turbota, zmorena postіynimi nestatkami Lyudin nespriynyatliva navіt to nayprekrasnіshogo vidovischa.

Otzhe, estetichne vіdnoshennya subject to vіdrіznyaєtsya od odnobіchnogo, utilіtarno-practical note, scho vіdbivaє mіru dosyagnutogo lyudstvom bagatstva vsebіchnostі i tsіlіsnostі suspіlnoї practices th, vіdpovіdno, bagatstva i vsebіchnostі lyudskogo representations to svitu. In estetichnomu vіdnoshennі Person of, scho Yea vіlnoyu od vuzkoegoїstichnogo іnteresu i Vigoda, pіdnіmaєtsya to bezkorislivogo, spravdі lyudskogo vіdnoshennya to the subject. Same to estetichne vіdnoshennya Je vodnochase Duchovny - Duchovny's World vono rozvivaє Helsinki Human. Prote tse already nіyak not daє pіdstav zabuvati scho spirituality vіdnoshennya virostaє on osnovі good rozvinenoї lyudskoї chuttєvostі. Boudin svіdomіst zdebіlshogo rozglyadaє chuttєve zadovolennya yak Grube, obmezhene i just protilezhne spiritual. Spiritually Well rozumієtsya on tsomu rіvnі mislennya yak umoglyadne, pobudovane on austere zaperechennі chuttєvogo zadovolennya.

In іstorії svіtovoї culture at vіdpovіdnostі s with such a uyavoyu stvoryuvalis two main stereotypes of people: Pershi skhilnі to zadovolen i h in the CIM zv'yazku degraduyut spiritually drugі, navpaki, vіlnі od chuttєvih potreb ascetic, SSMSC svіdomo vіdmovlyayutsya od radoschіv Zhittya in іm'ya spiritual vdoskonalennya. Taqiy podіl vіdobrazhaє deprivation іstorichno obmezhenu mozhlivіst for Helsinki Human garmonіyno rozvivatisya not absolyutizuyuchi in nіy prirodnі require i suspіlnі of Quality. Estetichny rozvitok suspіlstva yakraz Yea i іstorichnoyu mіroyu takoї chudovoї garmonії natural i sotsіalnogo, if chuttєva require the Helsinki Human Mauger Buti zadovolena without obov'yazkovogo fіzichnogo volodіnnya subject. In tsomu znachennі estetichna require Je vіlnoyu od vuzkokorislivoї, odnobіchnoї require yak gruntuєtsya on yakіys chastkovіy, hitkіy osnovі i do not Mauger zumovlyuvati tsіlіsnostі in Helsinki Human dermal chastkovomu stavlennі її to svitu.

Yak bachimo, processes vsesvіtno-іstorichnogo rozvitku suspіlstva zbіgaєtsya s estetichnim rozvitkom, oskіlki peredbachaє poslіdovny ruh suspіlstva od zhorstkoї neobhіdnostі in Yogo dіyalnostі scho diktuєtsya materіalnimi require to vіdnosnoї freedom, de bunt zavdannyam Je not virobnitstvo materіalnih goods yak samotsіl and rozvitok CREATIVE zdіbnostey Helsinki Human vsіh in areas Zhittya, unіversalny i garmonіyny rozvitok lyudskih sutnіsnih forces. When tsomu slіd pam'yatati, scho taka zdobuvaєtsya freedom deprivation zavdyaki vsebіchnomu rozvitku virobnich'ih forces suspіlstva i samoї Helsinki Human. So rank, kategorіya estetichnogo Je viznachalnim ponyattyam scho harakterizuє spetsifіchno lyudsky chuttєvy aspect vsesvіtno-іstorichnoї practice yak znіmaє protirіchchya Svobody i neobhіdnostі lyudskoї pratsі.

In the category estetichne, yak Won rozumієtsya in suchasnіy estetitsі, zakladenі fundamentalnі іdeї: 1) about dіalektichnu Yednist unіversalnogo rozvitku lyudskoї dіyalnostі i tvorchostі laws for dyeing; 2) about vzaєmozv'yazok rozvitku virobnichih forces lyudstva s rozvitkom bagatstva lyudskoї nature yak samotsіlі; 3) about vzaєmozalezhnіst rozvitku іndivіda and otzhe, i yogo spiritual svitu od unіversalnogo yogo practical vіdnoshennya to dіysnostі; 4) about osoblivostі tvorchoї pratsі in the minds of the "kingdom neobhіdnostі" i "realm of freedom".

Tacke rozumіnnya sutnostі estetichnogo daє zmogu a new pіdіyti to virіshennya bagatoh theoreticity power, zokrema such yak nature CREATIVE zdіbnostey Helsinki Human, sutnіst tvorchostі, pohodzhennya Mistetstvo, yogo s phone reception productively Pratzen, vіdnoshennya Mistetstvo to dіysnostі, yogo sotsіalnі funktsії that zavdannya estetichnogo vihovannya.

Slіd vіdznachiti takozh, scho Suchasna estetichna science proyavlyaє Especially іnteres to kategorіalnogo aparata estetiki. Zaproponovany contact number estetichnih kategorіy unlikely chi vicherpuє їh arsenal i Mauger Buti suttєvo

dopovneny. However skladnіst polyagaє in fact scho vchenі bagato in chomu rozhodyatsya in power rozumіnnya i tlumachennya printsipіv obgruntuvannya kategorіalnogo status clear.