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Ukraїnska that zarubіzhna culture - Vechіrko RM

Shamanіzm

Shamanіzm yavlyaє him Pevnyi synthesis anіmіstichnih uyavlen that magіchnih practices. Termіn od evenkіyskogo like the word "shaman" abo "adobe" odne Zi values yakogo - Witch Doctor.

Central Location in shamanіzmі posіdaє fіgura shaman, yaky zdіysnyuє poserednitstvo mіzh people that spirits. Shamanovі dopomagayut spirits pomіchniki, SSMSC nazivayutsya yogo "power" abo "vіyskom" (stink mozhut nabuvati viglyadu tvarin, ptahіv, RIB). In shamanіstichnіy mіfologії Vsesvit rozdіleny three svіti, Leather s them, in their Cherga, takozh podіlyaєtsya on so zvanі tiers. Uyavlennya about phone reception svіtіv that yarusіv mіzh him vtіlyuєtsya in obrazі vіdomogo practical access in all mіfologіchnih systems svіtovogo tree.

People live in serednomu svіtі, verhnіy's World populations good spirits (often cholі s supreme deity), nizhnіy's World - shkіdlivimi that angry forces and takozh souls died.

Nayvazhlivіshimi funktsіyami shamanіv uvazhayutsya: viproshuvannya in duhіv mislivskoї udachі, pripinennya villain vignannya zlih duhіv, nadіlennya zhittєdaynoyu power amuletіv, conducts souls to nebіzhchikіv Kraina died, klopotannya about narodzhennya dіtey, vorozhіnnya but nayposhirenіsha їh funktsіya - tse tsіlitelstvo.

Rite spіlkuvannya shaman ritual nazivaєtsya s spirits. Shaman pid hour ritual zdіysnyuє podorozh to svitu duhіv de Relief of Svoge is struggling vіyska s spirits hvorob, povertaє dushі died in Svit people zdobuvaє dushі nemovlyat, SSMSC toil naroditisya, protidіє magії іnshih shamanіv, dіznaєtsya in duhіv about the Future. Deyakі suchasnі Shamani Pіvnochі stverdzhuyut, scho shaping can turn the soul to earth through navіt shіst dnіv pіslya smertі, schopravda, tse deposits not tіlki od zdіbnostey shaman, and takozh od dosyagnennya domovlenostі s spirits.

Sered davnіh obryadіv vazhlive Location posіdayut іnіtsіatsії (posvyachennya). Pong suprovodzhuyut Lyudin protyagom of Childhood that yunostі, znamenuyuchi її Passage to іnshih vіkovih that sotsіalnih kategorіy. Before pevnoї mіri in Suchasnyj svіtі CIM rituals analogіchnі hreschennya, vidacha atestata, prisvoєnnya new title that іn. Shamanska іnіtsіatsіya osmislyuvalasya in mіfologіchnih images vіdvіdannya as the title of a tree (abo gnіzda) died predkіv otrimannya i od them taєmnih knowledge that navichok abo yak shlyub s spirit, yaky staє potіm bunt pomіchnikom shaman.

Іnterpretatsії dіyalnostі shamanіv prisvyacheno bagato lіteraturi. Vislovlyuyutsya rіznі pillows. In rozdіlі "Strukturnoї antropologії" "Chaklun that yogo magіya" K. Levі-Strauss Pichet, scho force vplivu deyakih magіchnih obryadіv not viklikaє sumnіvu. Ale, vochevid, minds rezultativnostі magії Je Vira in neї, and in troh її kinds - most Chaklun, vіri ailing, yakogo Chaklun lіkuє (abo victim, scho vіn її pereslіduє) in mogutnіst Chaklun that Dovira sotsіumu, yak stvoryuє svoєrіdne gravіtatsіyne field magії without yakogo chaklunstvo nemozhlive.

Deyakі doslіdniki vvazhayut іnstitut shamanism pobudovanim on avtoritetі "mana" she navіyuvannі and otzhe on obmanі. Tsіlkom zrozumіlo scho shahraystvo dosit poshirene in quiet areas davnіh i Suchasnyj suspіlstv, SSMSC give pevnі pіlgi vuzkomu Cola vtaєmnichenih, ale chi is possible on pіdstavі tsogo Robit visnovok vіdnosno shamanіzmu іnstitutu yak? Bringing zagalnogo shahraystva shamanіv putting sobі for Meta one s real personazhіv, opisuvanih K. Levі-Strauss. Kvesalіd, bazhayuchi vikriti shamanіv-shahraїv, navchaєtsya them profesіynim tricks i staє vіdomim shaman Hoca th Knows, scho yogo deprivation dії deception. Vіn uspіshno vitrimuє zmagannya s shamans іnshogo plemenі. Pіslya dovgoї practices robotі, yak Kvesalіd spochatku hate in Yogo svіdomostі, Especially schodo tsіlitelstva, vіdbuvayutsya zmіni. Vіn bachit dіysnі ztsіlennya have to chislі i yogo pid vplivom "tryukіv" sposterіgaє rіznі Method tsіlitelstva, i yogo representations to tsієї dіyalnostі uskladnyuєtsya i staє Mensch zaperechlivim. Kvesalіd pochinaє ... shukati spravzhnogo shaman [13, p. 154-158].

Zustrіchaєtsya іnterpretatsіya dіyalnostі shaman yak naslіdkіv psihіchnih vіdhilen, team bіlshe scho іsnuє spetsіalny termіn "shamanska hvoroba" Yakima poznachaєtsya Helsinki Human Mill, scho held pіdgotovku posvyachennya to the "vibranі". Ale Je seryoznі arguments against takoї point Zora. F. Rutherford napolyagaє to ensure scho ritual pіdtrimuvany shaman tsіlіsny i strukturovany, vіn Je Strizhnev vnutrіshno logіchnogo i dotsіlnogo Zhittya pervіsnoї spіlnoti scho viklyuchaє on yogo Dumka, mozhlivіst for nevrіvnovazhenoї Helsinki Human adequately with such a keruvati dіyalnіstyu, Hoca poodinokі vipadki hvoroblivostі, bezumovno , shaping can Buti.

Іsnuyut takozh mіstichnі kontseptsії schodo rozumіnnya vlastivostey that dіyalnostі shamanіv. I in our hour uchenі psychologists doslіdzhuyut transovі that INSHI so zvanі zmіnenі Stani svіdomostі i porіvnyuyut їh s guidance in etnografіchnіy lіteraturі mandrіvkami shamanіv is the description of these paintings svitu.

Ale nevirіshenіst tsієї that іnshih problems vitlumachennya shamanіzmu not vіdmіnyaє іstorichnoї rolі tsogo іnstitutu, yak vіn vіdіgravav protyagom tisyacholіtnoї іstorії. At that pervіsnomu Rann traditsіynomu suspіlstvah shaman vіdpovіdaє for zberezhennya pam'yatі plemenі, tobto mіfologії is the EPOS, vіn same - bunt mitets: Muzikante that artist vіn same - lіkar i, i naukovets - Perche for everything that meteorologist astronomer i, bezumovno, Priest is the cult therapist.

In the minds sogodennya in Pevnyi regіonah shamanіzm not znik and spіvіsnuє s relіgіynoyu svіdomіstyu pіznіshih relіgіy, vіdstoyuє right to have іsnuvannya vzaєminah s Science, іdeologієyu, іnodі nabuvayuchi novih, nezvichnih Fig. Napriklad, pid hour viborchoї Campaing 2000 r. in Primor kraї Russie mіstsevі gazeti zaklikaet shamanіv kamlati dіyuchogo for governor - Nazdratenko.

Shamanіzmu values ​​for the formation of the cult rіznih relіgіy - nezaperechne. Elements shamanіstichnih uyavlen prostezhuyutsya practical access in all klasichnih mіfologіchnih systems: napriklad, mіf about Orpheus, yaky namagavsya vryatuvati s kingdom tіney Evrіdіku, mіf about otrimannya runes skandinavskim god Odіnom that іn.