home Finance books Groshі that credit - Vladimir Pakhomov I.

Groshі that credit - V. Pakhomov I.

Theme 2. Istoria rozvitku that Suchasnyj camp teorії pennies

Vivchayuchi topic neobhіdno zrozumіti scho pennies rozvitok teorії vіdbuvavsya yak processes formuvannya Naukova shkіl, techіy that teorіy.

Antique perіod. Pershi sprobi osmisliti role is the essence of pennies (Plato, Aristotle is the іn.).

Klasichny perіod. Tse perіod, if formuyutsya metaleva, nomіnalіstichna i kіlkіsna teorії pennies, pennies that viznachayutsya funktsії їh role in ekonomіtsі. Before tsogo perіodu nalezhat pratsі Smіta A., D. Rіkardo, Marx is the іn.

Perіod kіntsya XIX - XX century cob. Rozvitok kіlkіsnoї teorії Fі-Cher; teorіya "kasovih zalishkіv" Kembridzhskoї school; rozrobka teorії "marzhenalіzmu" i sproba ob'єdnati її s teorієyu pennies (teorіya granichnoї korisnostі Walras, Menger Jevons i).

Keynsіansky perіod. Robots D. Keynes.

Pіslyavoєnny perіod. Viniknennya monetarism, teorії ratsіonalnih ochіkuvan, neokeynsіanstva.

Vivchennya rozvitku teorії pennies dotsіlno provaditi Shlyakhov oznayomlennya s її diskusіynimi power.

1. Look at dzherelo vartostі paperovih pennies.

2. Chinniki scho viznachayut tsіnnіst pennies.

3. Location i ekonomіtsі role in pennies.

4. Dotsіlnіst zdіysnennya penny-kreditnoї polіtiki.

The essence of power about dzherelo vartostі paperovih pennies polyagaє in fact scho for teorієyu "trudovoї vartostі" vartіst vimіryuvatisya Mauger deprivation such goods, scho Got himself vartіst. The I Yakscho paperovі groshі not toil vlasnoї vartostі, the yak stink zdіysnyuyut funktsіyu mіri vartostі?

When vivchennі tsogo power slіd oznayomitis s position of metalevoї that nomіnalіstichnoї teorіy, teorії "predstavnitskoї vartostі paperovih pennies," Look marzhenalіstіv that akademіka A. Chukhno.

Pid chinnikami scho viznachayut tsіnnіst pennies rozumієtsya їhnya kupіvelna spromozhnіst.

In the XIX - XX century on the cob. in tsomu pitannі konkuruvali Dvi teorії:

• "kіlkіsna" rozroblena D. Rіkardo;

• "trademark" rozroblena Tuck. Vlasnyi teorіyu s tsogo power MAV ukrainian vcheny M. Tugan

Baranovsky.

When vivchennі rolі pennies in ekonomіtsі neobhіdno oznayomitis s kontseptsієyu "neytralnostі pennies", scho in іsnuvala klasichnіy polіtekonomії, she'll see D. Keynes.

Naslіdkom robіt D. Keynes Bulo those scho in practice upravlіnnya ekonomіkoyu vіdpovіdnimi Reigning install Bulo zaprovadzheno rozrobku that zdіysnennya penny-kreditnoї polіtiki. Yak naslіdok in drugіy polovinі twentieth century. in teorії pennies rozgornulasya diskusіya about dotsіlnіst zdіysnennya penny-kreditnoї polіtiki. Diskusіya tochilasya mіzh poslіdovnikami D. Keynes predstavnikami monetarism that teorії ratsіonalnih ochіkuvan. Tom potrіbno oznayomitis s the main provisions keynsіanstva, monetarism is the teorії ratsіonalnih ochіkuvan.

When oznayomlennі s monetarism neobhіdno viznachiti yogo s phone reception kіlkіsnoyu teorієyu pennies. Monetarism Je Suchasnyj її prodovzhennyam i rozvitkom. Vіn podіlyaє її position of about mozhlivіst rinkovogo samoregulyuvannya i stverdzhuє: groshі toil values ​​i vplivayut on nomіnalny obsyag natsіonalnogo income zrostannya tsіn, zaynyatіst population rinkovu kon'yunkturu. For monetarism tsentralnі banks mozhut kontrolyuvati Quantity pennies in obіgu and penny-Credit polіtika Got a Meta - stabіlnіst zmіni groshovoї masi.

Literature: 10; 23; 26; 27; 28; 36; 42; 46; 52.

Osnovnі ponyattya those

Metaleva teorіya; nomіnalіstichna teorіya; teorіya predstavnitskoї vartostі paperovih pennies kіlkіsna teorіya; teorіya trademark; Keynesian economics; monetarism; teorіya ratsіonalnih ochіkuvan.

Zapitannya is the test for self-control

1. Teorіya ratsіonalnih ochіkuvan stverdzhuє scho:

a) Credit-penny polіtiku slіd provaditi;

b) Credit-penny polіtika Mauger dosyagti of Success;

c) vnaslіdok Pevnyi ochіkuvan people come in penny-kreditnoї polіtiki not be successful;

g) usі tverdzhennya not vіrnі.

2. Keynes stverdzhuvav scho:

a) rinkova ekonomіka stabіlna i do not require Got vtruchannya powers;

b) rinkova ekonomіka nestabіlna i Power vplivati ​​blame on neї zasobami penny-kreditnoї polіtiki;

c) Credit-penny polіtika Je Main zasobom vplivu powers on ekonomіku;

g) usі vіdpovіdі not vіrnі.

3. Basic rules of monetarism polyagaє in fact, scho:

a) Quantity pennies Got zrostati vіdpovіdno to tsіn;

b) Quantity pennies Got zrostati vіdpovіdno to kіlkostі tovarіv;

c) Quantity pennies Got zrostati rіvnomіrno Square i od kon'yunkturi market analysis;

g) usі vіdpovіdі not vіrnі.

4. Kіlkіsna teorіya repeat pennies, scho:

a) denote bіlshe pennies, team maintained upstream;

b) the pennies are not guilty Buti bagato;

c) Quantity pennies on vplivaє rіven tsіn;

g) Quantity pennies Je factor vplivu on rozvitok Economy.

5. Metaleva teorіya stverdzhuє pennies, scho:

a) paperovі groshі Je pennies zavdyaki gold;

b) paperovі groshі toil tsіnnіst zavdyaki obmіnu gold;

c) deprivation metalevі groshі Je spravzhnіmi groshima;

g) usі vіdpovіdі not vіrnі.

6. Nomіnalіstichna teorіya stverdzhuє scho:

a) paperovі groshі - tse Laws zasіb payment;

b) paperovі groshі - tse groshі, oskіlki vikonuyut funktsії pennies;

c) paperovі groshі - tse unit-load sotsіalna konstruktsіya;

g) paperovі groshі - tse priynyaty zasіb obmіnu.

7. On SSMSC perіodi podіlyaєtsya rozvitok teorії pennies?

8. SSMSC teorії rozglyadali power about dzherelo vartostі paperovih pennies?

9. SSMSC іsnuyut teoretichnі Look at Factors scho viznachayut tsіnnіst pennies?

10. Yak vіdbuvalasya evolyutsіya poglyadіv the role of pennies in ekonomіtsі?

11. In chomu polyagaє klasichna kontseptsіya "neytralnostі pennies?"

12. In chomu rozbіzhnіst mіzh keynsіanstvom that monetarism s power about dotsіlnіst zdіysnennya penny-kreditnoї polіtiki?

13. Shcho stverdzhuє teorіya ratsіonalnih spodіvan about dotsіlnіst zdіysnennya penny-kreditnoї polіtiki?

14. chomu rozbіzhnіst mehanіzmu dії penny-kreditnoї polіtiki for keynsіanstvom that monetarism?

15. chomu polyagaє criticism monetarists poglyadіv keynsіantsіv schodo zdіysnennya penny-kreditnoї polіtiki? Topic 3. Penny obіg i groshovі flows

Penny obіg - tse bezperervny ruh pennies, SSMSC obslugovuyut processes ekonomіchnogo vіdtvorennya that zv'yazki іz zovnіshnіm svіtom for Pevnyi perіod hour.

Neobhіdno rozglyanuti structure obіgu trumpery. Fallow od FORMS pennies penny SSMSC obslugovuyut obіg, vіn podіlyaєtsya on gotіvkovy i bezgotіvkovy. For ekonomіchnim zmіstom penny obіg skladaєtsya s such sektorіv: penny-rozrahunkovogo, penny-credit is the penny-fіnansovogo. Neobhіdno rozkriti are kozhnoї іz warehouses obіgu trumpery.

Treba usvіdomiti, SSMSC markets Agricultural Art sub'єkti that take active part in obіgu penny, penny yakimi flows pov'yazanі stench. Penny potіk - tse sukupnіst platezhіv, SSMSC obslugovuyut pevnі Etap suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya.

Especially uwagi slіd zvernuti to those scho penny obіg guilty Buti zbalansovanim. For tsogo neobhіdno, dwellers boule zbalansovanі vhіdnі i vihіdnі flows skin trumpery obіgu sector. Sered penny obіgіv vidіlyayut flows vtrat i flows іn'єktsіy. Before potokіv vtrat nalezhat chistі podatki, zaoschadzhennya sіmeynih Gospodarstwa, payment іmportu. Before potokіv іn'єktsіy - іnvestitsії, derzhavnі zakupіvlі that nadhodzhennya for eksportom. Zbalansuvannya potokіv vtrat i іn'єktsіy vіdbuvaєtsya through mehanіzm trumpery Rinku Shlyakhov transformatsії zaoschadzhen sіmeynih Gospodarstwa have novі groshovі flows that Shlyakhov priplivu pennies Zi svіtovogo market analysis chi vіdplivu їh on svіtovy rinok fallow od i popitu Offers pennies.

Osoblivoї uwagi vimagayut come in, SSMSC neobhіdno provoditi in the minds of pure іmportu that pure eksportu, tobto if іmportu flows that eksportu nezbalansovanі. In the minds of pure іmportu (іmport perevazhaє over eksportom) groshovoї masi nedostatno for realіzatsії stvorenogo natsіonalnogo product. Popovnennya groshovoї masi vіdbuvaєtsya EYAD ways:

1) dodatkovoyu emіsієyu;

2) zaluchennyam pennies Zi svіtovogo market analysis.

Leather s Got Tsikh sposobіv svoї perevagi that nedolіki.

In the minds of pure eksportu obіgu is staying in pennies bіlshe, nіzh neobhіdno for realіzatsії stvorenogo natsіonalnogo product. Vinikaє zagroza zrostannya tsіn. In tsomu razі slіd viluchiti Costa trumpery s market analysis Shlyakhov spryamuvannya їh Chastain on svіtovy rinok that Shlyakhov upovіlnennya Ruhu pennies.

Neobhіdno usvіdomiti law trumpery obіgu, yaky polyagaє in fact scho in obіgu protyagom Pevnyi perіodu Got Buti deprivation Pevnyi, ob'єktivno zumovlena masa pennies.

Factuality masa pennies Got dorіvnyuvati ob'єktivno neobhіdnіy (Mt = Mn). Yakscho Matt> Mn, in obіgu bіlshe bude pennies nіzh neobhіdno for realіzatsії stvorenogo natsіonalnogo product. Yakscho pennies factuality masa Mensch for neobhіdnu, the obіgu nedostatno pennies.

Quantity pennies neobhіdnih for obіgu, viznachaєtsya of formula

de P - serednіy rіven tsіn for goods i Hotel;

Q- obsyag tovarіv poslug that have natural virazhennі;

M - masa pennies in obіgu for Pevnyi perіod;

V - shvidkіst obіgu groshovoї odinitsі.

Yakscho vrahuvati factors vplivayut scho pennies on masu, the value MN viznachatimetsya formula:

de EKV - Costa item i Hotel, prodanі credit;

EKP - suma platezhіv, lines yakih Splat has come;

EVZ - Costa item is the Hotel, SSMSC realіzovanі Shlyakhov vzaєmnogo zarahuvannya borgіv.

Dosyagnennya rіvnostі mіzh factuality that neobhіdnoyu values ​​groshovoї masi Je vazhlivim sovereign power regulyuvannya Economy, i dosyagaєtsya vono Shlyakhov Venue of penny-kreditnoї polіtiki.

Vazhlivim power by Je shvidkіst obіgu pennies tobto frequency s yakoyu cutaneous penny odinitsya move od one ekonomіchnogo sub'єkta to іnshogo in protsesі realіzatsії tovarіv that poslug for Pevnyi perіod hour. Shvidkіst obіgu pennies viznachaєtsya for rіvnyannyam I. Fіshera

On shvidkіst obіgu vplivayut chinniki pennies, scho dіyut s side platospromozhnogo popitu, i Ti, scho dіyut s side tovarnoї Offers.

Zmіna shvidkostі obіgu pennies on vplivaє propozitsіyu pennies zbіlshuyuchi chi zmenshuyuchi її. Neobhіdno rozglyanuti pozitivnі that negativnі naslіdki priskorennya that upovіlnennya obіgu pennies usvіdomiti sutnіst popitu on groshі. Popit on groshі - tse Bazhannya ekonomіchnih sub'єktіv mother in svoєmu rozporyadzhennі Pevnyi bag of pennies on Pevnyi perіod hour.

When vivchennі tsogo power slіd zvernuti uwagi on chinniki scho vplivayut on groshovі flows motives SSMSC sponukayut ekonomіchnih sub'єktіv to zberezhennya pennies. For D. Keynes, viokremlyuyut three motives popitu on groshі: transaktsіyny, zavbachlivostі that speculative. In zv'yazku s CIM popit on groshі podіlyayut on Dvi skladovі: Kasu precisely that speculative popit.

Before chinnikіv vplivu on penny popit nalezhat: zmіna obsyagіv natsіonalnogo product zmіna rіvnya tsіn, zmіna shvidkostі obіgu pennies zmіna rate of interest, іnflyatsіynі ochіkuvannya.

Іsnuє rozbіzhnіst Look at vchenih on chinnikі scho vplivayut on popit penny. Besides the I neobhіdno rozіbrati i porіvnyati modelі popitu on groshі Marx, I. Fіshera, Kembridzhskoї schools, D. Kane-sa, M. Frіdmena, Boumolya - Tobіna, Mіllera - Orr.

When vivchennі tsієї those vazhlivo usvіdomiti mehanіzm popovnennya masi pennies in obіgu. Zbіlshennya groshovoї masi zdіysnyuєtsya bankіvskoyu system Shlyakhov emіsії that Shlyakhov dії bankіvskogo that trumpery multiplіkatora. When tsomu Natsіonalny Bank zdіysnyuє gotіvkovu that bezgotіvkovu emіsії and komertsіynі banks stvoryuyut deprivation bezgotіvkovі Costa.

Neobhіdno rozkriti sutnіst understand "gotіvkova emіsіya", "bezgotіvkova emіsіya". Stvorennya pennies komertsіynimi banks vіdbuvaєtsya in rezultatі dії bankіvskogo (penny-credit) multiplіkatora. Ostannіy yavlyaє processes themselves zrostannya obsyagu bankіvskih depozitіv at nadannі kreditіv sub'єktam gospodaryuvannya in naslіdok Ruhu s pennies to the bank to the bank.

Potrіbno z'yasuvati mehanіzm dії penny-kreditnoї multiplіkatsії, z'yasuvati factors scho vplivayut on neї.

Zvernіt uwagi on koefіtsієnt multiplіkatora. Vіn viznachaєtsya of formula

de HR - rate obov'yazkovogo rezervuvannya.

Vikoristovuyuchi penny and credit multiplіkator can viznachiti prirіst pennies on bankіvskih rahunkah vnaslіdok dії penny-kreditnoї multiplіkatsії of formula

de DR - dodatkovy contribution scho nadіyshov to bank zzovnі.

Krіm z'yasuvannya dії bankіvskogo multiplіkatora, slіd z'yasuvati dіyu trumpery multiplіkatora, yaky Je koefіtsієntom zbіlshennya penny agregatіv at zbіlshennі groshovoї bazi.

Student guilty ovolodіti Modell Offers pennies:

de M1 - obsyag trumpery aggregate M1;

MB - Penny base;

ie - Penny multiplіkator.

In his Cherga:

de With - gotіvka;

R - bankіvskі reserve

de CR - koefіtsієnt deponuvannya;

HR- rate obov'yazkovih bankіvskih rezervіv (vstanovlyuєtsya Kraina central bank);

ER - rate nadlishkovih bankіvskih rezervіv.

Central bank Mauger at vplivati ​​rozmіr trumpery aggregate M1 zmіnyuyuchi rozmіr groshovoї bazi is the norm obov'yazkovih bankіvskih rezervіv.

Slіd zaznachiti scho processes penny-kreditnoї multiplіkatsії uniquely vplivaє on propozitsіyu pennies, scho Mauger prizvesti to rіvnovagi torn down on penny market analysis. Tom vazhlivim in penny-kreditnіy polіtitsі Je svoєchasne viyavlennya tendentsії zmіni rіvnya multiplіkatsії, dwellers svoєchasno zastosuvati neobhіdnі come in.

Literature: 12; 23; 26; thirty; 31; 36; 42; 46.

Osnovnі ponyattya those

Eroshovy obіg; groshovі flows; vitrat flows; іn'єktsіy flows; balansuvannya potokіv; rіvnovelikі flows; sub'єkti trumpery obіgu; trumpery markets Agricultural Art obіgu; vhіdnі flows; vihіdnі flows; іmport clean; clean eksport; kapіtalu sail; vіdpliv kapіtalu; trumpery obіgu structure; factuality masa pennies; neobhіdna masa pennies; shvidkіst obіgu pennies; popit on groshі; motivates nagromadzhennya pennies; Flow concerned; kembridzhsky koefіtsієnt; koefіtsієnt Marshall; koefіtsієnt monetizatsії Economy; obov'yazkovogo rezervuvannya norm; Penny and credit multiplіkator.

Zapitannya is the test for self-control

1. Rozkriyte are trumpery obіgu.

2. Viznachіt ponyattya "groshovі flows".

3. Nazvіt osnovnі markets Agricultural Art that sector obіgu trumpery.

4. Zobrazіt scheme obіgu trumpery.

5. SSMSC two streams rіvnovelikі th balansuyutsya mіzh him?

6. Nazvіt vhіdnі i vihіdnі flows okremih sektorіv obіgu trumpery.

7. SSMSC flows nalezhat to potokіv vtrat and SSMSC - to potokіv іn'єktsіy?

8. Yak spіvvіdnosyatsya flows vtrat i flows іn'єktsіy?

9. Poyasnіt are pure іmportu i pure eksportu.

10. SSMSC come in neobhіdno zdіysnyuvati in the minds of pure eksportu i in the minds of pure іmportu?

11. SSMSC Costa sluguyut Jerel nadhodzhennya koshtіv rinok on the penny?

12. Poyasnіt structure trumpery obіgu for ekonomіchnim zmіstom.

13. SSMSC skladovі podіlyaєtsya penny obіg fallow od FORMS pennies?

14. Poyasnіt mehanіzm balansuvannya potokіv penny.

15. The essence of the law Rozkriyte kіlkostі pennies neobhіdnih for obіgu.

16. Yak viznachaєtsya shvidkіst obіgu pennies?

17. SSMSC factorization vplivayut on shvidkіst obіgu pennies?

18. Yak vplivaє on ekonomіchnі processes zmіna shvidkostі obіgu pennies?

19. In chomu polyagaє sutnіst popitu on groshі?

20. Poyasnіt modelі popitu on groshі Marx, I. Fіshera, Kembridzhskoї school that D. Keynes.

21. yakіy formulі vikoristovuєtsya kembridzhsky koefіtsієnt?

22. De vikoristovuєtsya koefіtsієnt Marshall i yak vіn rozrahovuєtsya?

23. SSMSC motivates nagromadzhennya pennies zaproponuvali predstavniki Kembridzhskoї school?

24. Napishіt formula sukupnogo popitu on groshі for D. Keynes.

25. Pokazhіt model popitu on groshі M. Frіdmana.

26. Sharakterizuyte modelі popitu on groshі Boumolya - Tobіna that Mіllera - Orr.

27. Rozkriyte processes are penny-kreditnoї multiplіkatsії.

28. Yak rozrahovuєtsya multiplіkator penny?

29. Rozkriyte ekonomіchny zmіst penny-credit multiplіkatora.

30. SSMSC factorization vplivayut on processes multiplіkatsії?

31. Chomu at bankіvskih pozikah vinikaє processes penny-kreditnoї multiplіkatsії?

32. Yak vplivaє value is normalized in the Penny obov'yazkovogo rezervuvannya CREDIT multiplіkatsіyu?

33. Yak zmіnyuєtsya penny masa for M3, if the banks:

a) zbіlshuyut poziki Yurydychna ladies?

b) zbіlshuyut poziki population?

c) zbіlshuyut svoї Natsіonalnomu contribution to the bank?

g) viluchayut Chastain vkladіv s NBU?

e) zaluchayut gotіvkovі Costa on deposits from the public?

34. Before gotіvkoyu bank made a deposit of 30,000 USD. Norma obov'yazkovogo rezervuvannya becoming 25%. On the value of yak Mauger zbіlshiti masu pennies in obіgu Tsey deposit?

35. Rozrahuyte value penny-credit multiplіkatora, Yakscho rate obov'yazkovogo rezervuvannya becoming 80%.

36. Rozkriyte are mehanіzmu popovnennya masi pennies in obіgu.

37. Before chogo prizvede perevischennya faktichnoї masi pennies in obіgu over neobhіdnoyu (Matt> MN)?

38. Yaka Quantity pennies neobhіdna for obslugovuvannya obmіnu for the Year, shvidkіst obіgu Yakscho pennies becoming obertіv 7 to Year.