Culturology - Gritsenko TB

3.3. Culture of the Old Greek

(2900-300 pp. BC) - on the outer edge of the butt. One z virishalnyh factoriv rozvitku davnoogipetskoi tsivіlіzatsії buli natural-geograficheskogo umovitse - vuzenka smuha rodyuchoї zemlі, scho tygnnetsya for the current Nilu on північ to the delta oasis and безплідна пустеля навкруги. Yak in the old hours, so і teper, at the plodny part, scho storadaє лише 3,5 відсотка території, lived 99.5 відсотка populated. Davnyoegipetskaya power vinikla in the rest of the table IV yew. To. At the end of the hour, the ієroglіfіchna (sacred) was formulated and the system of writing, art canon, регігійні уявлення was asked (asked).

The primordial factor of the long-standing Egyptian culture of the bula has been torn down by magic and totemistic relics of relics. The gods have ensured in the order of існування світу, the collapsible якого була людина. ЄHyputyan rastribili vchennya about immortality dushi. The stinkers vvazhali, scho death - the whole thing timchasovim rozluchennya dushi z tylom, and then nakagalisya yaknayddshe zberegti yogo zavdyaki balm. Pharaoh for the Egyptians is the object of worship, we live with the deity. Same the word "pharaoh" in the redeployment meant "great dim" - vin mіg brother at потобічне життя усіх, хто був йому там потрібен, рета відходила у небуття.

In the era of the Old Kingdom (2755-2255 pp. BC) rozpochinaetsya budivnitsvto famous Ігипетських пірамід. Persha grandiozna tsar'ska shtampalnitsya beside formi stupinchatoi piramidi, yaka otrimala nazva mastaba, scho meaning shop, bula povodovana for pharaoh Djosera yogo by supreme dignitary, and takozh arhitektikom likarem glorious sage wise Imhotep . For the pharaohs of Cheops, Chephren and Mikherin, there was a settlement of the budivnytsu of the most important areas of Egypt. So, the height of the Cheops piramidi became 146.5 m, and the dovzhina of the side was piled - 230 m, the von was stockpiled in 2 million 300 yew. Kam'yanikh blockіv middling mass 2,5 tons. Precision pripasuvannya block of bula takoyu, scho mizh them at once can not be pushed through the knife. In an hour, budivnitsu piramid postupovo zanepadaye, al at Fayumskiy oazi, behind antique necklaces, boulo is motivated grandiose sporudu pіd nazvoyu Labirint z tisyacheyu primischen, galleries i korordoriv. Tse vidbuvalosya already in the epoch of the Middle Kingdom (2134-1784 pp. BC), yak carried in the umi інші зміни. The canonicality of an artistic mission in an intelligible mystery of spontaneity was rooted in ritual-religious contexts, for example, the statue of a seated pharaoh was hung up, overpowered, sacred force and ability, and not portraiture, indivisibility-alumni, and the simplicity of the people were visually schematic - the head of that painting was seen by profil, tubulo i Ochі in full face, figuri cholovіkіv zamalovuvalis chornuvatim (terakotovim) kolorom, zhinok - bilim abo zhovtim. Postupovo sculpture vtracha kanonichnu office, zabrazhennya pharaonov now do not look gods, but rulers, who are fighting the share of their power. Analogic pocututya transmit sculptural portraits dignitaries and lower administrators. By this rank, the boule was minted with the new mystic-cultural tradition - "artistic realism." At tsiu epokhu scienti have calculated a surface kuli, formulated uyavlennja about funtsiі a brain in organizmi.

The epoch of the New Kingdom (1570-1070 pp. B.e.) of the bula is found by the peninsula of Egypt. Samobutnim yavishem tsyogo periodu was so called "davnyoegipetska Reformatsiya", is written in the name of the Pharaoh Amenhotep IV . Pragnuchi obmezhiti vladu zhertsiv, vin zviv folding rehiginu system before the cult of the One God Aton y yzyav sobi ofitsynii iim'ya Yekhnaton ("bazhanii Atonu"), the capital of the state of the capital was transferred to the zbudovane for the vain plan of the town of Ahetaton. Zmіnivsya і nature of the mystery: the respect was respected to the okremoy people, the motives of the militia began to sound and the nature of the subjugation. The images of people become more alive and dynamic. The goal of the sculptural image of Yekhnaton himself is that of the yogi of the birthplace of tsaritsa Nefertity. Події цих часів is clearly described in the roman of the Polish writer Boleslaw Prus "Pharaoh". Alya vzhe for the life of the traitor Akhenaten - Tutankhamun zhertsi poverayut his status, vidnovlyuyutsya cult of Amun, the capital of the power poveratetsya to Fiv. Zanepali innovative tendshії culture.

Such a rank, tradition, self-sufficiency and conservatism of the old-fashioned culture did not help the mayhem nezmіnniy character of the tsіїї tsivіlіzаcії in the course of three-ти тисячоліть її існування.