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CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

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The founder of the Rococo in paintings mozhna vvazhati Jeanne Antoine Watteau (1684-1721), yaky LUVs vihіdtsem іz simple seredovischa. Vіn Ljubivoje pobutovy genre paintings kopіyuvav gollandtsіv, bagato malyuvav s nature, CCB enchantments Rembrandt painting i Rubens. Painting "on Vіdplittya of Chair" - Persha s serії "gallant svyatkuvan", scho vіdobrazhayut osnovnі RISS style of the artist s її pіdkreslenoyu teatralnіstyu. Himself a painter Brave fate in theater zhittі Svoge hour i chastkovo masquerades. Chutlivy to Norov i Zhittya suchasnikіv the method, target svіy masterpiece - the great painting "Bench Gers".

Main temoyu fabrics will melt "galantnі svyatkuvannya" svit bezturbotnogo Zhittya, SSMSC zobrazhayutsya s vishukanoyu gratsієyu. ( "Venetsіanskі holy", "Rozmova in the park").

Spravzhnіm predstavnikom frantsuzkogo vvazhayut Rococo Francois Boucher (1703-1770). He painted portraits, Sereda yakih widely vіdomy "Madame de Pompadour". In the yard of order Korolіvskogo vikonav Vier alegorichnih kompozitsії for Versailles. Already glorification Maistrov otrimav vazhlivі of order on the robot for ozdoblennya korolіvskih rezidentsіy i Opera House.

Painter wide CREATIVE dіapazonu, vіn to paint, robiv panels teatralnі dekoratsії, knizhkovі іlyustratsії, malyunki vіyal, eskіzi kostyumіv toscho. Those tvorіv rіznomanіtnі - relіgіynі, mіfologіchnі, peyzazhі.

Prodovzhuvachem tvorchostі Watteau Boucher i CCU Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732-1806). In yogo formuvannya vplinuv painting Chardin i Bush svіdchennyam tsogo Je robots Realized s great legkіstyu. Deyaky hour alive Іtalії, vivchav velikі barochnі zhivopisnі cycle robiv eskіzi peyzazhіv, SSMSC pіznіshe vikoristovuvav for background in svoїh robots. Turning to Paris pochinaє robot over serієyu paintings on chuttєvі i galantnі plot, and takozh over the cycle "Probudzhennya Kohannya in sertsі dіvchini" vikonanim on Dyubarrі of order for pavіlyona Luvesєn.

Vіn zbagachuє zagalnu tendentsіyu Introduction erotichnih scenes realіstichnoyu manner still images tochnіstyu details bagatstvom fantazіy. ( "Potsіlunok kradkoma" "Schaslivі mozhlivostі goydalok").

Zhorstka unіfіkatsіya that reglamentatsіya kanonіv painting Frantsії Druha half of the XVII century. prizveli to utvorennya Pevnyi Mystetskyi vacuum. I do not Bulo zhodnogo viznachnogo artist, yaky bi dosyag rіvnya N.Pussena. Prote s the middle of XVIII century. єvropeyske Mistetstvo znovu zvernulosya to Classics, ale on novіy іdeynіy osnovі. Ney became іdeologіya Prosvіtnitstva.

On hvilі suspіlnogo pіdnesennya that formuvannya natsії Frantsії in the XVII century. when korolіvskomu dvorі Winick Novi style classicism i zvіdti rozpovsyudivsya Sered aristocratic kіl Єvropi. In XVIII century. classicism ogolosiv vіynu pishnomu Baroque Rococo lіteraturі th th mistetstvі. Іstorichnim ground classicism CCB absolutism, yaky spriymavsya todі yak guarantor stabіlnostі, world Zlagoda. Tse gave Mitzi privіd bachiti in derzhavі uosoblennya Rozum natsії, zavdyaki chomu sluzhіnnya derzhavі that її symbol, king, spriymalosya naygolovnіshy obov'yazok yak skin, yak vikonannya Gromadska obov'yazku scho lezhit vische for osobistі Interests. Power pіdtrimala and Zgoda i ogolosila classicism ofіtsіynim hudozhnіm method.

Classicism - eg in єvropeyskіy lіteraturі i mistetstvі XVII -. Cob XVIII century, are yakogo polyagala in naslіduvannі Mistetstvo that lіteraturi starodavnoї Gretsії i Rome in dotrimuvannі Sistemi Suvorov rules vіdtvorennya dіysnostі. Tsey style poslіdovno rozvivav not tіlki traditsії antichnostі, ale th Epoch Renaissance. Yogo іdeynim pіdgruntyam becoming ratsіonalіzm scho spiravsya fіlosofsku system on René Descartes. The subject Mistetstvo in klasitsizmі progoloshuvalosya tіlki beautiful, pіdnesene. We creates Mistetstvo sound іdeї freedom, utverdzhuyutsya rights of individuals. Classicism perestaє Buti zamknenim, іzolovanim hudozhnіm yavischem th tіsno stikaєtsya s Baroque, Rococo, sentimentalіzmom, folk culture rіznih єvropeyskih kraїn. Tsya VZAYEMODIYA i vzaєmovpliv uniquely zbagatili classicism, Zroby yogo vіlnіshim od umovnostey i zhorstkih normativіv.

Ospіvuyuchi geroїchnі іdeali, Mistetstvo classicism zovsіm not tsіkavilosya suchasnіstyu, real people that їhnіm pobutom and tyazhіlo to іdealіzovanih Abstract obrazіv, gruntuyuchis on vivchennі antichnoї Poética i Mistetstvo scho mіstyat in sobі nemovbi estetichnu absolutely normal. Theorists classicism target klasichnih kanonіv system for theater lіteraturi. painting.

Classicism prinіs svoї nayznachnіshі fruit in kulturі Frantsії that tsіloї Єvropi, yak Pocha actively naslіduvati frantsuzky dosvіd.

Peredvіstyam frantsuzkogo classicism in Obrazotvorche mistetstvі CCB Georges de La Tour (1593-1652).

Zasnovnikom klasitsistichnogo painting directly from the artist CCB frantsuzky Nіkolya Poussin ((1594-1665) Vіn not MAV bagato uchnіv against Yomou away stvoriti Vlasnyi school of painting canvases Those Yogo: mіfologіya, Istoria, bіblіynі plot "Trіumf David" Geroї yogo paintings -... humans are very harakterіv, Velična vchinkіv, Visoko pochuttya obov'yazku before suspіlstvom i powers.

Naykrasche from Poussin - Yogo peyzazhі. Poussin - Creator klasichnogo іdealnogo landscape in Yogo geroїchnomu viglyadі. Vіn target Chudova cycle "Pori rock." Mistetstvo Poussin - tse Mistetstvo znachnoї pillows that yaskravogo spirit. Mitets obiraє takі plot, SSMSC nadayut Yomou mozhlivіst Show geroїchnі that zrazkovі character.

Prodovzhuvachem classicism in painting CCB Claude Lorrain (1600-1662). Golovna topic yogo tvorіv - tse grandeur of nature. Vіn malyuvav sea antichnі ruїni, kraєvidi s postattyami people. Claude, yak i Poussin, zobraziv Vier Pori rock. Tse LUVs nepereversheny colorist Svoge hour.

In Article XVIII. in єvropeyskomu mistetstvі zarodzhuєtsya neoclassicism. Neoclassicism - techіya in lіteraturі that mistetstvі XVIII -. Cob XX century, scho bazuvalasya on stilіzatsії zovnіshnіh Mistetstvo forms of ancient, Renaissance іtalіyskogo i chastkovo classicism.

In mistetstvі neoclassicism pov'yazany іz anglіyskim Uіlyamom painter Hogarth (1679-1764). Kartini wrote olієyu often zhivopisnі robots vіdtvoryuvav in engravings. Rozmnozhenі in serіyah estampіv, create Hogarth mali great uspіh. Vіn target cyclic "Kar'єra prostitutes", "fashionable shlyub", "Kar'єra marnotrata 's six, eight kompozitsіy, pov'yazanih zagalnim plot. Tse LUVs єdiny artist anglіyskogo Prosvіtnitstva i Purshia painter prosvіtitel in Єvropі.

Іdeynim nathnennikom neoclassicism CCB Іoahіm Vіnkelman Johann (1717-1768) - zasnovnik іstorії Mistetstvo yak science, the author Prace s ancient mistetstvoznavstva scho otrimali єvropeyske viznannya. Hudozhnіm credo neoclassicism was faded "architecture, scho talk." In mistetstvі tsogo directly perevazhali prostі, lakonіchnі, geometrichnі pravilnі form, prostezhuvavsya phone reception realіzmom s scho naysilnіshe viyavilosya in tvorchostі frantsuzkogo artist Jean-Batіsta-Sіmeona Chardin (1699-1779). In Іtalії i Frantsії that chastkovo in Nіmechchinі neoclassicism іsnuvav of order s Rococo. On vіdmіnu od classicism in fashion vvіyshlo not deprivation Mistetstvo Rome, and th Elladi. In stilі neoclassicism pobudovana Ploscha Zgoda in Parizhі that Malii Trіanon in Versalі arhіtektora Jean-A.Gabrіelya (1698-1782). Naybіlshoyu sporudoyu neoclassicism was the church of St. Zhenev'єvi in ​​Parizhі, yak in the Rocky Frantsuzkoї revolyutsії pereіmenuvali the Pantheon.

Do not rozvinuvsya Russie neoclassicism in stilovu system. Risi Rococo origіnalno intertwined s classicism. Rosіysky classicism becoming odnієyu іz samobutnіh i yaskravih storіnok єvropeyskogo Mistetstvo. Z'yavivshis in XVIII century., Vіn nabuv top in the XIX century. . Vidatnimi predstavnikami rosіyskogo classicism XVIII century, in a boule arhіtekturі Bazhenov, M.Kazakov have skulpturі - M.Kozlovsky, F.Shubіn, F.Schedrіn, E.Falkone that іn have malyarstvі -. І.Nіkіtіn, F. Roars, D.Levitsky, V.Borovikovsky that іn.

Romanticism yak eg in єvropeyskіy lіteraturі i mistetstvі zarodivsya in Nіmechchinі in XVIII - XIX century on the cob. on osnovі osmislennya urokіv Frantsuzkoї revolyutsії. For romanticism vlastivі spirituality poriv, ​​pіdnesennya over realnіstyu, іntuїtivno-pochuttєve svіtospriynyattya. Tse zumovleno nebazhannyam zmiritisya s superechnostyami dіysnostі. Romantics Bulo vlastive gliboke rozcharuvannya in realnіy dіysnostі in naslіdkah feudal revolyutsіy in mozhlivostyah іsnuyuchoї tsivіlіzatsії. Pong battled kanonіv classicism. At once s note s odnієyu nayharakternіshih Figure romanticism Je pristrasna, vseohoplyuyucha Zhadoba new pochuttya neobhіdnostі radical svitu do updates. Romantics pragnuli to usogo nezvichaynogo. Typical for romanticism Je th Zahist freedom, suverennostі that samotsіnnostі osobistostі, uwagi to vnutrіshnogo svitu Helsinki Human. Romantics pristrasno zahischali right Mitzi on CREATIVE freedom bezmezhnu fantazіyu, vіdkidayuchi reglamentatsіyu in mistetstvі, yogo unіfіkatsіyu. Pong tyazhіli to vsogo scho stood "above prose Zhittya" Mitzi puts on "sіroyu povsyakdennіstyu". Podіbno before yak klasitsisti vvazhali norm of that zrazkom Mistetstvo antichnostі, romance orієntuvalisya on Mistetstvo serednіh vіkіv i New o'clock, vіdmіnnogo od classicism.

Painting of XVIII century. postupavsya for drama i masshtabnіstyu painting XVII century. Naybіlshі zdobutki painting pov'yazanі s tvorchіstyu vischezgadanih hudozhnikіv: JA Watteau, Francois Boucher, ZH.-O. Franagora SH.-L. Davіda in Frantsії, Hogarth i D.Reyndolsa in Anglії.

Romanticism Je typical for tvorchostі іspanskogo genіya Francisco José de Goyї (1746-1828). Vіn becoming not one tіlki s nayvelichnіshih zhivopistsіv i grafіkіv Іspanії, ale th suttєvo vplinuv all єvropeyske Mistetstvo XIX i XX century.

Goya CCB Perche court painter of Charles IV, King Ale zobrazhuvav sіm'yu ( "Sіmeystvo King Carlos IV") Zi nasmіshkoyu an evil; vіn CCB court painter of Joseph Bonaparte - Napoleon stavlenika, vіn target grafіchnu serіyu "Strahіttya vіyni" about sprotiv OCCUPIERS i potryasayuchu picture "Rozstrіl povstantsіv in nich 3 Travnia 1808 rock"; vіn tavruvav іnkvіzitsіyu, zhorstoko znuschavsya over zabobonami. Malyuvav Goya paintings, SSMSC ospіvuvali іspansky people, praised the beauty of yogo i moral force muzhnіst i patriotism.

In pershіy polovinі CREATIVE Zhittya zaymavsya tіlki Goya painting. Vіn CCB neperevershenim painter, colorist bliskuchim, namagavsya naslіduvati Velasquez. Pershe viznannya Yomou brought robots Realized in stilі Rococo - Cardboard for tapestries (tobto tissue paintings). Over serіyami Goya tapestries pratsyuvav in 1770 i 1780 pp. Vіn Brav for them rіznomanіtnі story: here boule nischі, guards, smugglers, motives masquerade.

Having become fashionable vіdomim i court painter, Goya wrote duzhe bagato portretіv not vіdmovlyavsya i od of church of order, the pobutovih - "Sіm'ya Duke of Osuna" ( "thrush s Bordeaux").

In seredinі 80 rokіv Goya vikonav (Pokey scho tіlki for yourself) serіyu risunkіv, SSMSC called "Kaprіchos" tobto whim fantazії. In 1799 r. madridska newspaper presented kolektsіyu engravings primhlivі those vigravіruvanih in tehnіtsі etching aquatint that. Yomou miracle away uniknuti іnkvіzitsії. Coley painter pratsyuvav over "Kaprіchos" Yomou Bulo vzhe for p'yatdesyat, CCB ailing, blind, ale vіn becoming an artist i Person of the new type, new vіku - vіku probudzhennya Rozum. Tsya kolektsіya Zgoda peretvorilasya masterpiece on іspanskoї engravings that one s nayvazhlivіshih vitvorіv svіtovogo Mistetstvo. Kolektsіya skladaєtsya of 80 estampіv, pіdpisanih znizu. W of the cob Svoge іsnuvannya "Kaprіchos" Zroby virіshalny vnesok in populyarizatsіyu tvorіv author that rozumіnnya yogo svіtobachenn