Culturology - Gritsenko TB

8.2. Neoclassicism - rushyna stylist form of the artistic development of the European mysticism of the XVIII century - the ear of the nineteenth century.

In the case of the mystery of Europe, it is possible to achieve a vision of the periode of 1789 and 1815 of the river. The hour of the unpremeditated preparations, pidnesennya і zaepadu Velikii frantsuzkoї revolutions. Tse takozh perіod stіvlennya і padіnnya імперії Наполеона, і at once із тм роки підйому народів Європи проти наполеонівської агресії. By the stage of 1789-1815 r. Povyazaniyu rokkvіt misterstva revoltsіcnyho klasitsizmu Frantsii.

Klasicizm buv panivnim directly at bilshostі european kraїn. Especially in the meantime, the dowa was borrowed by the mystery of the Spaniard, who guessed that he was able to perform the creative work of Goya. Clasicism in such territories, Yak Nimecchina, England, Austria, Russia, Russia, the Scandinavian territory, creating a well-known architecture and low jasper criminality in an educated mystery. Перемона війна з Наполеоном викликала піднесення громадянської свідомості в культурі народів Nіmеchchini і osoblivo Rosії і vyznachala monumental forms of zlіgo klassicizmu, so called ampir, scho trivav u tsikh kraїnakh up to 20 rd. Included.

8.2.1. France

On the first stage, the prikorjuvachom revolutionary processes in Suspilny svidomosty y misterstvі strila Francia. However, the resolution of the Napoleonic dictatorship is the same as the picture. Hocha napoleonivskі vіnni іpії vstanovlennu beside ryadі єvropeyskikh kraїn bourgeoisheskikh zakonkіv, at pershu chergo stench zabezpecchuyu intorsi frantsuzkoi bourgeoisie. Tse viklikalo vidpovіdnu retsііy - burhliviy pіdіom natsіonalnoї samosvіdomostі narіvі Evropy. Mistetstvo Frantsії, yak is more creative, so і arhіtektura продовжують свій бухливий розвиток, але новаторівський processes виявляються і в мистецтві інших європейських країн. Naprikinsky XVIII - i in the first decade of the XIX century. Order із Францією якісно новий іпітації інституції розвитку формується у таких країнах, як Англія, Росія, Німеччина. The central figure of the mystery of the French Revolution, the victory of the Napoleonic Empire, became a painter Jacques Luis David.

Архітектура Франції кінця XVIІI - першої третини XIX ст.

Clasicism Revolutionary

In the rock, but peacefully overturned the revolution, nasіtisya process postapovogo peredvorennya arhitekturi Klasicism in misterstvo, begging the pathos of racialism and laconicism. Vinică pragnenia to the consortium of the geometrical clarity of the planned works and architectural ensembles. Vidatnoj postaktyu in arhіtekturі Frantsіy chyogo chasu buv Klod-Nіkola Ledu . Hocha Ledu vikoristovuvav Elements of the order architecture, for nyogo boulo is characterized by pragnnia viyaviti beauty of geometric spivvidnoshen arhitekturnikh ob'єmіv. Tsey mitets more vyyaviv heavily to the newness of the system of plastic values, yaki become vidminna pisitivitnogo arhitekturi. Ledu - jakraviy a representative of the racialistic boku prosvitnitstva i suvogo geroichnogo asceticism of the victory of the French Revolution and the one-hour provivschuvach arhitecture of the twentieth century.

Taki roboti, yak theater in Besançon, vikonany in the traditional classics of the XVIII century, alle for them already the characteristics of streaming razionalizm and one-hour pragnenia to the preposition of functional priyomіv romskoi architecture. Ledu composes theatrical hall, імітуючи півкола to roman theater.

Цікаві й урбаністичні передбачення Леду, наприклад pidzemnogo project for a transition to a high school, a whisker, a stoyonyuchi mansion, Teluyson. Nayposledіdnіshe, one, geometric rationalism Ledu vyyavivsya not at the completion of the sporades, a few compromising forms, and projects. So побу motivations for gri geometricheskih ob'єmіv, vіnny vіd оренних remінісценцій будинок наглядача в місті Мопертюї. Arhitektor peredachiv ідею взаємодії nature arhitecture. Tsya іdeya otrimala svіy rozvitok in arhіtektury ХХ th century. So, through the boudinok of the director of the dzherela at the Sho-buw of the misses of the floods and cascades. At the consul of the Consulate and the Imperium, the asceticism of Ledu vyavivsya neptribny. Vinica is demanded at the ceremonial architecture, but appealed to the great Rome.

Style amp

Diploma of the Consulate Імперії - the final stage of the organiсical vіcorostannya "stіlіovіh" principles in arhіtexture. In the architecture of France, that of a number of інших європейських країн у цей час domіnє style ampіr, aѕ yaіvіsya na interі XVIII-XIX st. Він був we raise the seized by the past, on the contrary to the classicism of the other half of the XVIII century., At yakomu shu buli vidchutnі barokovі tendentsії. Sam Frantsya znovu zmina style. Here at the result of the creative work of the architects of the Persian Fontaine, the novel of the great and monumental style, which is reflected in the grandiose zazihannami napoleonivskoi імперії.

On the side of the great "styliovih" epokh in arhitecture, in ampiri duzhem pomitnim є ідеологічний программний moment, півний відтінок розумової штучності у впровадженні ідеологічної програми та надмірне слідування "політичній моді". Thus, Napoleon's position in Egypt is not that he viklikav fashion in Egypt in the decorated interior, nude pevnoyu mirovu vidbivsya in arhitektury (arhitektar Bral, the fountain on the Sèvres of Paris). At the same time igipetizuyucha fashion hocha y znaydla vidobrazhennya in arhіtektury, one did not vona vyschachala її parodno-urochisty formi.

For arhitekturi ampiru bula is characterized by oriectatsiya on the traditional architecture of imperial Rome, ale bula takozh linya, povyazyana z naljduvannyam zovnishnim forms of the Greek periptera. However, the type of the Greek church in Napoleon's dowry stuffed a grandiose, cleanly pischnoy character. Such sporods are the church of Madeleine in Paris by the architect Vinhoione, and takozh parizka Birzha, zvedenya A.-T. Bronyar.

Ampir ark clearly demonstrated to himself in the Internet. For the parade sporud ampira is characterized by the style - the forms of Odyagu, Mebliv, paintings, statues and architecture. A characteristic butt is the inner slab of the Malmedon, the Streeter by the architects Sh.Persiéta and P. Fonten.

At napoleonіvs'ku dobe vysheyuetsya organizatsiya velieznoi prostorijsko osi Paris on kol'kometrov v vid internal courtyard of the Louvre through the carrousel, carpentry and palaces of Tuyll, ploshchu Zgodi, magistral Єliseyskih poliv and plane Zirki.

For arhitekturi, ampira is typified by the high-pitched python of the vaga of representative propagandists, which do not affect the type of triompal arches and triumphal columns that do not affect the common mode of utilitarian function. Stink of buli poklikanі stverdzhuvati great regime. Heroic Міць precisely rozrahovanyh proporatsіі і zamіvі zikh pisrud mе bіls znachennya, nіzh pishna урочистість їх декору. On the Plateau Carrousel, the site of the Louvre and the Tyul'ri, the Persian and the Fontaine of the Bula, the Triumphaln arch is built, which forms the ancient Arch of Constantine. On the protruding side of the forest, J.-F.Shalgren is to create a colossal one-prop in the Zirka Square.

Padinnya Napoleon, poverennya Burboniv u Frantsiiu, bourgeois revolution 1830r., Podal'shy rozvitok bourgeois vidosin zoumovili vidnosno short-term period rokvtytu frantsuzskogo ampiru, i pislja plyoskikh uspehikh antichnі obrazovodstva tserkosti posepovo degarduyut.

Shaping the mystery

Clasic tendencies in the French painting of the 18th century. Vinikayut at zv'yazku zim, scho u revolutionovyu dobu mystetzvu znovu zaklikayut peredusim vihovuvati muzhchinu, gutuvati її up to the service of the people of the world, and not in the fun of the ітіїю панівних класів. The ideal of the French bourgeois supersession of the former revolution of the boulevard is antiquity, not the Greek, but the Roman, the part of the Romanian republic. The priestesses in the pulpit were quoted not as Gospel, but as the Roman historian Titus Livia ; At the theater of the tragedy of Corneille , the playwright of Prosvitnitsva, who glorified in the images of antiquity heroes of Gromadyansky garlic.

Nayvidatnishim painter revolyutsіynoї dobov Zhak Lui David . Zhyttya chyogo artist bula tisno povyazane z s usima polichichnimi podіi period of the Great French bourgeois revolution. David povednav at his own creative estetiku klasitsizmu politikoju revolutsii. The new style was pursued in the French culture - " revolutionary classics ." The first yogi parrotskom bula picture " Oath Goratsiv ".

For chasіv Directorії David writing "Sabiannyok", napednennya Napoleona відповів полоном "Леонід при Фермопілах". In the world of creativity in the image of the Spartan hero, the eyes of the first consul came out, cotria in 1804 p. Becoming an emperor. Ha, the statue of Napoleon, David, Vicavo paintings: "Coronation", "Napoleon with the passage through St. Bernard."

David is embroidering the school of education with his greatness. Sered them buv і Slavnozvіsniy Jean Auguste Dominik Ingres .