CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

8.5. Іmpresіonіzm that yogo sutnіst

8.5.1. Іmpresіonіzm - viznachne yavische in zhivopisі that skulpturі

At 60-70 pp. XIX century. frantsuzkі artists poklal cob netrivalomu after hour, ale іntensivnomu іnteresu to hudozhnoї techії, yak dіstala titles "іmpresіonіzm". Tsey eg uzyav on ozbroєnnya іdeї pozitivіzmu, mainly yak Vote zavdannya The images Natur s "optichnoyu" tochnіstyu, upodіbnyuyuchi ochі artist to ob'єktivu fotoaparata. Pіsarro, Manet, Monet, Sіsley, Renoir that INSHI vіdomі Maistrov not boule priynyatі zhurі on ofіtsіynu vistavku - Shop - in 1863 rotsі. Pіslya tsogo stench vlashtuvali svіy "Salon vіdrinutih". On tsіy vistavtsі CCB reprezentovany slavetny "Snіdanok on travі" E.Mane.

Programa іmpresіonіzmu naykrasche postavala Zi articles E. Zola, yaky pid Zahist uzyav Novi eg in mistetstvі, upodobavshi tezu: tvіr Mistetstvo Je codend Nature, spriynyaty through temperament. Zola s prezirstvom talk about silent, hto vishukuє on polotnі artist "story" zvorushlivu abo zhahlivu іstorіyu, іdeї that іdeali, i vimagav, dwellers artist on polotnі vіdobrazhav svoє representations to the nature, pokazuyuchi її with such a "yakoyu vіn її bachit" bo Lovely - tse Zhittya in svoїh neskіnchenih Wink, mіnlivih, zavzhdi novih. Mitets, yak vvazhav Zola, not zobrazhaє іstorichnі podії not vtіlyuє pillows, vіn "not vmіє not spіvati" not fіlosofstvuvati "," vіn umіє maljuvaty i all. " Pismennik jade, dwellers faded pravdivostі i zhittєvostі, faded vіrnostі prirodі i vіrnostі temperament of the artist sounded yak faded "modernostі" i yak faded realіzmu, іmpresіonіzmu chi naturalіzmu.

Headache in mistetstvі іmpresіonіstіv Bulo spіymati i zakarbuvati vrazhennya zasobami painting stvoriti іlyuzіyu Svitla th povіtrya. For tsogo іmpresіonіsti rozklali kolіr on osnovnі skladniki spectrum namagayuchis not zmіshuvati Farben on palіtrі i vikoristovuyuchi optichne spriymannya eye, yak zlivaє on pevnіy vіdstanі okremі swabs from zagalny pictorial images. Pong pragnuli send out to the maximum with such a nature, yakoyu її bachit Lyudin and Lyudin bachit whether yaky yogo subject at vsіy skladnіy vzaєmodії іz Svitlo-povіtryanim seredovischem. Іmpresіonіsti vіdkrili abo in usyakomu razі, approved in zhivopisі Chudova's World, zmusivshi glyadacha i on otochennye Divit іnshimi ochima. Ale, pіznayuchi svit real, vіdkrivayuchi Yogo, Yogo іmpresіonіzm zmіnyuvav Well, іdealіzuvav, romantizuvav. H yogo painting znikla not tіlki chorna Barva, ale th chornі Zhittya the Parties. Svit іmpresіonіstichnogo painting - tse's World Svyatkovyy, bezhmarny. Navіt bagnyuka vibliskuє on canvases koshtovnіst yak, i zaslіplyuyuchi viklikayuchi capture (napriklad, low Monet paintings).

Slіd viznati, scho in gonitvі for vrazhennyam, mittєvim i yaskravim, іmpresіonіsti dіyshli before scho picture pіdmіnyuvali etyudom and Vl - vipadkovim. Їh poperednik Courbet zobrazhav zvichaї, oblichchya Epoch, іmpresіonіsti - tіlki zovnіshnіy viglyad. Ale in іmpresіonіzmі - if yogo vsіh vtratah, neminuchih in cutaneous new rusі - Bulo those basis, origіnalne th znachusche scho zdebіlshogo viznachilo further rozvitok єvropeyskogo painting. Іmpresіonіzm residual vivіv painting en plein air, showing kolіr in vsіy yogo chistotі, target Visoko doskonalu culture etyudu Where Money Does vrazhaє vluchnіst sposterezhennya, smіlivіst i nespodіvanіst kompozitsіynih virіshen.

Perche predstavnikom new napryamku CCB Eduard Manet. However, yogo vіdrіznyalo od іnshih іmpresіonіstіv those scho vіn not vіdmovivsya od broad strokes, not preparuvav not rozkladav not rozchinyav items from svіtlopovіtryanomu seredovischі. Ale visvіtlena palіtra, robot plenerі ( "Argenteuil", "Partіya at croquet", "Do chovnі"), GOST R i exactly vlovleny ruh i rіznomanіtnіst vipadkovostey at The images it parizkih vulitsyah i bars (naybіlsh "іmpresіonіstichny" "Bar Folі Bergere "all de trepetnіst mitі hudozhnikovі vdaєtsya zavdyaki send out to the fact scho glyadach bachit room vіdobrazhenim dzerkalі from behind his back garnoї barmenshі) - truncated Tse bezperechno, characteristic for the Same іmpresіonіzmu.

In tvorchostі Claude Oscar Monet nayyaskravіshe rozv'yazana major problem іmpresіonіzmu - garmonіya Svitla th povіtrya. Monet dozens razіv vtіlyuє that samy motif (Yogo znamenitі "Kopitsі", "Ruansky Cathedral"), bo yogo tsіkavlyat efekta osvіtlennya in rіznu time Dobie abo rіznі in Pori rock. Vіn Purshia zіgnav Zi svoєї palіtri Chorniy kolіr, vvazhayuchi scho such Absent from prirodі i scho navіt tіnі naspravdі kolorovі. Mit, vihoplena s flow Zhittya, pulsatsіya great Mista ( "Boulevard des Capucines in Parizhі", "Skelі in Bel Іl", "View of the Thames from Parliament Londonі i", "Fog in Londonі") pobachenі the saw eye. Ale's World Mont postupovo vtrachaє his materіalnіst i peretvoryuєtsya on garmonіyu kolorovih plyam.

Kamіl Jacob Pіsarro malyuvav tіlki peyzazhі - Paris is the yogo okolitsі. Buzkovі sutіnki, sіry wounds, Blake Zimove day ( "Boulevard Montmartre").

Tonkі peyzazhі Alfred Sіsleya - "Little Ploscha in Arzhanteї" "Village on berezі Cenis", "Povіd in Merlі" - Yea malimi masterpieces.

Tvori P'єra Auguste Renoir zdayutsya namalovanimi easy zhartoma, ale yogo naspravdі kompozitsії zavzhdi obdumanі, they Absent Element vipadkovostі such characteristic іmpresіonіzmu ( "Ball at the Moulin de la Gallet", "Parasolka", "Ball at Buzhіvalі"). Renoir malyuvav in the main zhіnochu model: Portrait i "nude" - bare nature. Yogo way pozbavlenі psihologіchnoї Glibin, ale stink ґruntuyutsya nA garmonії clean, upbeat, yaskravih kombіnatsіy.

Іler Germain Edgar Degas a married podіlyav s batіnoyoltsyami neviznannya Academy i znevagu publіki, Hoca zberіgav vіrnіst canons i Maistrov classicism. A typical ale yogo theme paintings for іmpresіonіstіv: budnі theater, mostly ballet, TA іpodromi, a takozh Women for toilet i zhіnki trudyaschі - pralі, gladilnitsі, milliner. B yogo pictures Absent lung serpanku, neodmіnnogo in impresіonіstіv. Іronіchno, navіt sarcastically zobrazhav budnі Degas ballet: here tedious, nezruchno, vazhko, tantsіvnitsі negarnі th visnazhenі, zhokeї i pralі zmuchenі Prace. People vіdchuzhenі i neskіnchenno samotnі. Ha vіdmіnu od іmpresіonіstіv, chiїh porivіv to perebіzhnogo vіn not podіlyav, Degas Suka smut, characteristically, virazne, vіdkidayuchi vipadkove. Coloring yogo paintings dosyagaє proniklivoї zvuchnostі.

Tvorchіst Anrі Marі Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec іstoriki Mistetstvo nazivayut chastіshe postіmpresіonіzmom. Vіn CCB perevazhno grafіkom, yogo tragіchnі for svіtovіdchuttyam, chastіshe grotesknі i karikaturnі Figures Celebrity tantsіvnits, spіvachok cabaret tsirkachok, "nіchnih metelikіv" Montmartre, scene s Zhittya cabaret "Le Moulin de la Gallet" i "Moulin Rouge" ( "Dance at the Moulin Rouge "" At the cafe ") ekspresivnі, dramatichnі.

In skulpturі CCB blizky to іmpresіonіstіv in deyakih Prace Rene Francois Auguste Rodin: "Mislitel", "Єva", "Adam", "Prodigal Blues", "Flour".