Culturology - Gritsenko TB

Kino

XX century. - An hour for the development of the ninetest kind of mystery - kino, pojava yakogo became mozylyuyu zavdyaki technichnim dosyagnenyam. Kinomoststvo - a kind of artistic creativity, a kind for dopomogo kinematograficheshnoy technicians, operuyuchi ruhomim zabrazhennyam and sound, vіdtvoryuє real dіysnist in artistic and artistic-documentary images. Synthesizing and taking in themselves the artistic content of literature, the theatrical and educated mystery, the music and the breaking of the yogo through its special features, the mystery of the hair, the veneer of the visually-visazhalnymi zasobami, the middle of certain heads - the photographic nature of the ruchogo at the time.

Accessibility and visibility efekt dostovіrnostі ekrannogo zabrazhennya, informativnost viznachayut sotsіalnі functіії i znachenna kіnomistetstva, yake cope with the great artistic and artistic vlistiv on the form of sight that is perekonan, esteticheskikh smakiv and pocuttiv, spiritual culture of people. Кіномистецтво значно розширює можливості образної виразності і посилює громадський резонанс художної діяльності.

Існує п'ять видів кіномистецтва: художнє або ігрове кіно, що засобами виконавської майстерності втілює твори кінодраматургії; Documentary film, material for yakoy є зйомка дійсних подій; Multiplakatsyne (animatsyne) kino - kind of kinomistetstva, scho vіdobrazhuє дійсність за допомогою знятих на плівку малюнків пo фотографій, об'ємних предметів; Naukove kino, scho ob'єdnue in the scientific and popular science, science-doslnda te tehniko-propagandistke kino; Відеокліп - різновидність відеофільму, який feature shvidkiy montage, violence with elektronnymi spetsefektami, lakonichnist.

Ігрове кіно поділяється за жанров (podnatnicke, melodrama, tragedy, comedy, psychology, western, musichny fіlm, triler tochno).

Kino was born in France, in 1895 r. Brothers Lui ta Auguste Lum'eri robbed and patented aparat (cinematograph) for znimannya ta protsentsyuvannya ruhogo zobrazhennya. Spotka Kino was attacked by the people of Lisha with their technical makings and bilo more than atractions; Short reports were demonstrated. Zgodom sto zrozumilo, scho cinematograf mozhe stati pributkovoi reference, and to that shvidko zrostaє yogo materialno base, technics zyomki, montage, display. I riveted the center of the clubhouse Françaia, with the zodom of the cottage, in the bogalogs.

One of the first works of art by the artist was J.Meliez, who created a concert in France (1896). Він зняв художні фільми "Попелюшка", "Червона шапочка", "Подорож на Місяць" - всього близько 4 тисяч фільмів. Melis-the director having rasprobiv a technique kіnotryukiv. Vidatnu role in rozvitku svitovogo kіnomistetstva vіdіgrav the American film director Ch.Chaplin (1889-1977, fіlmi "Zolota lichomanka", "Vogni velikogo mista", "Novi chasi", "Great dictator"), which created the tragic image of "little people".

The American director D. Griffith (1875-1948) in the films "Narodzhennia natsii", "Intolerance" sspishno virishuє by the problems of the artistic vizaznosti: zastosovuet "big plan", montage kadriv.

The first Russian kynopidpriemets O. Khanzhonkov in 1907-1908. Rozpochav vibrobnitsu vitschiznyannikh іgrovih fіlmіv, pobuduvav in Moskvy kinofactory, kіlka kіnoteatrіv, in the number of "Khudozhnіі" and "Moscow".

In the Ukraine from 1909 р. Pochali znіmatisya komedії, drama і vіvіvіlі з repertoir ta vіkonannіі акторів українських театраів: "Shelmenko-Batman", "Moskal-Charyvnik", "Nich before Rizdvom"

Vagomij vnesok u rozvitok "neimogo" kino sybili radianskі kinorezhiseri S.Eizenshteyn, V.Pudovkin, O.Dovzhenko, Dziia Vertov, їхні фільми "Battleship Potomkin", "Mati", "Earth", they became an important stage of the development of the cottage.

Poyva in the cinema sound (kynets 20-ies), and zgdomom і koloru (40-іr рr.) Gave me the opportunity to actively engage in life and emotions in order to look at home, be inspired by the artist's visions.

At svitovomu kino the other half of the 40-50-pp. Provvіdnom straightforward becoming neo-realism , which was formulated in the італійському кіно. Neo-realism originated in the middle of anti-fascist Ruhu Oporu yak reaction of democratic culture to the spiritual stand at the period of rule B.Mussolini. The esthetic principles of neo-realism are formulated by Ch.Dzavattini: the maximum is the number of ekrannoi rozpovidi to the real life, vidmova v syzhetu that zaluchchennia neprofesіynih actor. Wolves buli vpershe realizovany in fіlmah "Obsession" L.Viskontі і "Діти дивляться на нас" В. де Сіка. Manifest of neo-realism was the painting by R. Rosselini "Rome - View the World". For neorealizmu characteristic democratism and humanism, respect to life simple people, dotrimannya principle virnosti fact.

At 50-60 rubles. We introduce the creative work of F. Fellini , M. Antonioni , P. Pazolini and Swedish director I. Burgman into the mastered artistic films of cinema.

Frantsuzke kino that hour, vidvityuyuchi problems povechnoї дійсності, також відобразило події Друї світової війни і Руху Опору (stage directors R. Kleman, L.Daken, J.Bekker, J.P.Le Chanua). In addition, in a new generation, we are strained to the nude "Nova hvilya", which was represented by the directors Zh.L. Godar ("For the rest of the Dihanni"), A.Rene ("Hiroshima is my love"), F.Truffo ("400 shock" , "American Nich"), K. Shabrol ("Krasutchik Serge", "Kuzeni"), J. Demi "Cherbourgian Parasols"), that's it. Koshtovnom komercitsnomu cinema "Nova hvilya" protested modest, without kinozirok and staging effects, znaty on small koshti, as a rule, unknown director for eskіznim scenarios. Representatives of the "Novo Khvil" demonstrated interest to the young generation and skepticism before the traditional social values. Directors of "Novo Khvili" zasperchuvali their prichettnist up to jodnogo khudozhnogo ugrupovannya, protiv їхні фільми мають багато спільного. Poetics "Novo hvilі" rozvinula principle rozpovidi peridoshe individual, contributed a reportage bezposerednіst, zmіshanya lіtaturnnoї moivi with non-normative lexicon, demonstrated a unique ability to open the inner personality of the person through self-analysis.

Нині центр світового кіновиробництва - United States.

Invalid acquaintance with the life of the succusive people became telebachennia (the group of tele - far) - transferring to the image of ruhomih and non-peer entities for the attainment of electric signals, but to broaden the channels with the sound.

Питання передачі зображення на відстань були розв'язані працях У.Сміта (США, 1873), O. Stoletova (1988), O. Popova (1895). B. Rosing in 1911 r. Провів першу у світі телепередачу у лабораторных умовах.

Persha is experimentally transmitted television station (chorno-bile zobrazhennya) bula off-site in the United States (1929), postin teletranslyatsії pocahasya in Britain (1936). Kolorove telebachenya was announced by the United States (1956). In the CDSR, regular television programs were broadcast from 1939 (Moscow), and from 1951 - from Kiev.

Telebachennya за zasobom іnformatsії, scho maє mozhnivost one-hour zvernutisya to bahatomiljonnoi auditorii, zokrema, zavdyaki direct efirov. In the first ten years of its existence, the telebacchinism was interchanged with the role of mass media, informing about the subordination, and writing at the site. Zgodom sredyayatsya system інформаційно-публіцистичного телебачення, створююються художні, музичні, розважальні, навчальні програми. Telebachennya nabuvaє all більшої популярності through оперативність, могуливість донести до великої аудиторії потрібну інформацію тощо.

Have a friend of the XX century. Nabuvae poshirennya masova culture, rozrahovana on access, understatements riven spriinyattya. Її povzava is accused of rozvitkom zasobіv масової комнікації - преси, радіо, телебачення, кінематографу, відео, звукозапису, мережі Інтернет, які were fond of tyrazhuvannya і rozpysyugzhennyu of the new culture, reporting to the most weighty. Batkivshchinoi masovoi kulturi vvazhaetsya the United States. Typical genres of mascult were the detective, the novelist, the fantasy, the triler, the western, the boyovik, the teleserial, the melodrama, the philharmonic, the comic, the musical, the dance music, the fashion tochno.

Masov's culture is created from a rozraunka on commercial use and often is a highly professional art, talented collectors, writers, writers, songwriters, writers. Create a Masovian culture, as a rule, flaunt the roving character.

Masova culture є primitivnim naslіduvannanyam hikokoї kulturi, that on vidnoshennju before maskultu vzhivayatsya termin "kitsch" (nim kitsch - cheap products, nesmak; verkitschen - cheaply sell).

Being accessible to millions of people, the Masovian culture cope with the cannibalistic and esetichny vplyv, stvoioyuchi stereotypes of the girl and the style of life.