Culturology - Gritsenko TB

Arhitecture

Українська архітектура cobble of the twentieth century. It is represented by a number of tech- nologies, which are rooted in the stream of modernity. Chimalo arhitektivіv, proizvoduchi sporudi rіznomantіnogo iznachennya (budіvіlі medіchnії і освітніх закладів, житлові будинки тощо), zvertalisya to the traditional folk wooden arhitecture, namagayuchis poednati їh tyshchimnym budivelnimi tendentsiyami. Characteristic for such problems are buli chotirischili dahi abo dahi iz zalomami, trapezіyvidnі abo krivolynіynі pririzi, rizalіti, decorative prikrasi facades in viglyadi inserts in keramiki chi maioliki, vikoristania nastinogo painting in the hotels.

One of the most frequent examples of Ukrainian modernity is the spoils of the Poltava zemstvo (1903-1908, architect V. Krichevsky), the interior of which was painted in a modern manner by S.Vasilkivsky and M. Samokish on those from Ukraine. Risi Ukrainian national architecture V. Krichevsky namagayatsya drachaschity, projettoichi museum T.Shevchenko in Kanev (at spivovtorstvі P.Costick, 1934-1937 rr.).

Tipovim for the Ukrainian modern first tenth of the twentieth century. Bulo zvernennya to the traditional Ukrainian baroko XVII-XVIII century. At the time of the baroque, that modernism boule "... the composition of the forms and the sound of the artist's image is reached" * 51. Misterno oschasnyuvali Risi Baroque Ukrainian arhitektory D. Dyachenko (corps of the agrarian University in Kiev, Kyiv, Likarnia near Lubnach); S.Timoshenko (Zhitlov's boudinki at Kharkov); І.Yakubovich (прикщення шкіл у Чернігові).

* 51: {Історія української архітектури / For red. VTK: Tehnika, 2002.- P.370.}

On the cobble of the twentieth century. Arhitektory znutu zvertayutsya up to the classical traditional ХІХ century, the peculiarity of the everyday modern technological processes in the order forms of these other peculiarities of classicism. In the style of neoclassicism, the Museum of the Pedagogical Museum in Kiev (1909-1911, arch..P.Aloshin), zdoblenu reel'fnim frize, The life of the Buds at the Museum Producer in Kiev (1909, architect V.Rikov); A boudinok of the "Salamander" comradeship near Kharkov (1914-1915, architect M.Veriovkin, et. In.).

The Ukrainian Art Nouveau pillared the twentieth century. Otchaschyunavav krashi natsionalnogo arhitekturi.

In the 20's. XX century. In front of the architects stood the task of the draft of the project of the dispute of the ritual questionnaire: promises, trade, transport facilities, cultural-osnovnyh, zhytlovi, administrativnyh sporud vidpovidno up to suspilnyh zapitiv. Різноманітні творчі організації в галузі архітектури - "The Association of the Arhitectural Enterprises of Ukraine" (TSAU), Асоціація нових архітекторів (ASNOVA) in a different way assimilated the wagons rozvitku prichasnogo budivelnogo misterstva. Significant part of mitziv Orinatsuvalasya zahidnoevropeysku arhitektura, shukala new forms of artistic vizaznosti, scho, zreshshoyu, led to a broader constructivism. Цьому стилю властиві раціональні конструктині і планувальні рішення з використанням новітніх for that hour будівельних матеріалів: гладенькі стіни, широкі смуги вікон, зміна нижніх надіві відкритими опорами, плоскі дахи.

Especially the jazz-new style vyyavivsya in the forgetfulness of Kharkov, which until 1934 rock buk capital of Ukraine. In the center of the city, a complex of administrative disputes has been disposed of: a fortnight of Derzhprom (1925-1929, architect S. Serafimov, M. Felger, S. Kravets), a sporadic project organization (1930-1933, architect S. Serafimov tan .), A cooperative boudin (1933-1935, architect O. Dmitriev, that іn.).

The resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) "About the re-introduction of literary and artistic organizations" (1932) did not interfere with rozvitkovі rіznomantіnih течій in архітектурі. Spilka arhitektivіv Ukraine, borisen in 1933., orientuvalasya єdiyn creative method - sotsialisticheskii realizm, the basis for yakogo became a classic artifacture. In the 30th century, the general plans for the forgotten landscapes of the Ukraine were discussed, in which the storms of zones, residential quarters with necessary infrastructures, zones of visibility, administrative centers were marshalled. Great respect was attached to the secession of the types of projects, the requesting of industrial and methodical methods in budivnts, the plugging of zabudov, the robbery of one-man, the faceless.

Адміністративні споруди, зведені у 30-х рр. In Kiev, they confessed to the encounters of classic forms, pomposity, supra-monumentalism (the buddy Kabinetu Minor of Ukraine, 1936-1938, architect I.Fomin, P.Abrosimov, that sparrow of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 1936-1939, architect V.Zabolotny). It's a pity that a number of improper pardons were broken at the hour of the bustle at the halt of the town. The boule was depreciated by the chumalo culto sporud, in addition to the number of Mikhaylivsky Gold-Sovereign Monastir, on which the monastic was planning to perform Uryanov, I was covered with a complex of administrative obstacles (I was left alone behind the project of architect I. Langbard).

At preovinny period zakbudzhuvalasya complex zabudova, stvojivalisya bahatopoverhivi zhitlovi boudinki, sporudi social identity (children's schools, schools, sanatoria, likarny, kinoteatri, teatri).