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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Bєlyaєv OO

§ 3. Ekonomіchnі require suspіlstva: sutnіst i klasifіkatsіya. Ekonomіchnі Interests

Kіntsevoyu metoyu virobnitstva Je zadovolennya potreb suspіlstva i Helsinki Human. Whether yak suspіlstvo (Square od rіvnya yogo rozvitku i suspіlnogo arrange - chi is іndustrіalna natsіya, chi okremy Robіnzon) so chi іnakshe guilty rozv'yazati three osnovnі vzaєmozalezhnі ekonomіchnі problem:

• scho guilty viroblyatisya (tobto, SSMSC tovarіv s i i poslug potrіbno zrobiti in yakіy kіlkostі)?
• yak viroblyatimutsya good, Kim, for Relief yakih resursіv i tehnologіy?
• It's priznachenі viroblenі goods (tobto, hto guilty volodіti them that oderzhuvati korist od them)?

Tsі power - osnovnі i zagalnі for vsіh gospodaryuyuchih sub'єktіv. On tse natsіleny i virobnitstva processes, scho, s one side, nerozrivno pov'yazany Zi spozhivannyam goods and іnshogo s - s vikoristannyam resursіv scho perebuvayut in rozporyadzhennі suspіlstva for virobnitstva Tsikh benefits.

Sutnіst potreb that їh klasifіkatsіya

Lyudin Got spozhivati, zhiti dwellers. Pragnennya zadovolniti svoї require motivuє povedіnku Helsinki Human, formuє sukupnіst її іnteresіv. Vnaslіdok rozmaїtostі reasons require people duzhe rіznomanіtnі, zadovolniti їh difficult i s rock cutaneous dedalі skladnіshe, vrahovuyuchi before kіlkіsne w th yakіsne zrostannya potreb themselves. Subjects pershoї neobhіdnostі vvazhayutsya їzha, Zhitlo th odyag. Objects rozkoshі for kozhnoї Helsinki Human, sotsіalnogo prosharku abo groupies svoї population. In tsіlomu to predmetіv rozkoshі nalezhat dorogotsіnnostі, Zoloti virobi, hutra, yahti toscho.

Require іsnuyut in vsіh people, group of people, sotsіalnih prosharkіv, klasіv, power. Golovna osoblivіst Tsikh potreb polyagaє in їh bezmezhnostі. Oskіlki lyudstvo rozvivaєtsya, progresuyut i yogo required. Pіdvischuєtsya cultural rіven people zrostayut i rozshiryuyutsya Helsinki Human duhovnі require. Whether yaky Novi vinahіd staє require i porodzhuє tsіly lantsyug novih required. Zasobi masovoї Informácie duzhe quickly roblyat nova needful Nagybanya usіh people bayduzhe to yakogo class nalezhat stench abo in yakіy kraїnі meshkayut: require rostut kіlkіsno slit th through zbіlshennya of the population Zemlі.

So rank, the one uniquely visnovok aksіomatichny: in ekonomіchnomu smislі Lyudin Got neobmezhenі required in ekonomіchnih benefits i Hotel. In tsomu law zrostannya ekonomіchnogo are required.

Require - tse natural potyag Helsinki Human minds to viznachenih Zhittya, vіdsutnіst yakih viklikaє hibne vіdchuttya i porodzhuє pragnennya zmіniti Taqiy mill speeches. Require - tse sponukalnі motivates rushіynih forces scho Yea ob'єktivnoyu Basics "іdealnih sponukan" - іnteresіv, Bazhanov, tsіley i, etc...

Zagalna klasifіkatsіya potreb harakterizuє їh yak: bazovі - in vіtrya, їzha, water; porodzhenі rozvitkom tsivіlіzatsії - napriklad, rozvagi; pershochergovі - їzha, odyag, Zhytlo; drugoryadnі - dorogotsіnnі embellishment; materіalnі - zasobi virobnitstva, explanation wide vzhitku; nematerіalnі - Hotel osvіti, i Mistetstvo culture; suspіlnі - Gromadsky order bezpeka, receptionists navkolishnogo seredovischa; kolektivnі - transport, vіdpochinok; fіzіologіchnі - Products harchuvannya, zabezpechennya Zhytlo; duhovnі - rozvitok i prosvіtnitstva science, cultural vіdpochinok; sotsіalnі - pratsі minds, zadovolenіst Prace, receptionists Health Protection, obslugovuvannya.

Require takozh podіlyayutsya on ekonomіchnі i pozaekonomіchnі. In his Cherga, ekonomіchnі require mіstyat materіalnі require i needed in tsіlespryamovanіy trudovіy dіyalnostі.

For character zadovolennya require podіlyayutsya on osobistі, scho for rakhunok zadovolnyayutsya predmetіv NKVD spozhivannya i poslug spozhivchogo priznachennya, i kolektivnі, SSMSC skladayut єdinu suspіlnih system is required - sukupnіst rіznomanіtnih vidіv require phone reception mіzh them i mehanіzm їh zadovolennya.

Vіdoma klasifіkatsіya potreb Maslow. Vaughn buduєtsya for kriterієm znachimostі i mіstit: fіzіologіchnі require i needed in garantіyah; require in spіlkuvannі; require at viznannі; require in samorealіzatsії toscho. Zasobi for Relief yakih zadovolnyayutsya require nazivayutsya benefits. Odnі good perebuvayut in rozporyadzhennі suspіlstva in neobmezhenіy kіlkostі (napriklad, povіtrya) INSHI - obmezhenі. Ostannі nazivayut ekonomіchnimi benefits oskіlki tsі good kіlkіsno obmezhenі i on їh vigotovlennya potrіbnі resources.

Ponyattya "resources" that їh klasifіkatsіya

Resources (factors) virobnitstva - tse chinniki scho vikoristovuyutsya for produkuvannya benefits. Dana ponyattya vklyuchaє OAO All prirodnі, lyudskі and takozh stvorenі Lyudin resources scho vikoristovuyutsya in virobnitstvі. Rіznomanіtnі resources can klasifіkuvati vіdpovіdno to rіznih pіdhodіv. Zokrema, viokremlyuyut takі VD: materіalnі resources - land (abo sirovinnі materіali - korisnі Kopalin, rіki, lіsi i, etc...) I kapіtal; lyudskі resources - Prace i pіdpriєmnitska dіyalnіst.

Require neobhіdno zadovolniti scho s ob'єktivnoyu neminuchіstyu i nevіdvorotnіstyu nashtovhuєtsya on lіmіtovanіst resursіv and, otzhe on obmezhenі mozhlivostі zadovolennya take to vsіh rіvnyah. Wuxia Ekonomichna dіyalnіst Helsinki Human zavzhdi i skrіz Bula spryamovana on podolannya obmezhenostі resursіv. Deyakі s podarovanі them to us by nature i vzhe through the obmezhenі vnaslіdok nashogo Vlasnyi rozvitku: Prace, knowledge vmіnnya, kvalіfіkatsіya, view vikoristovuvanoї energії i etc. Deyakі s resursіv toil vіdtvoryuvalnu vlastivіst i s side to regulyuyutsya Helsinki Human...

Identically, the land - tse nasampered prostorovo-geografіchny chinnik. On zemlі Givet Person of, the people. On nіy roztashovuyutsya Kraina, power. Іstorichno sklalosya so scho Kraina odnі malenkі, INSHI - velikі. Prote teritorії vsіh kraїn toil svoї cordon Hoca stupіn obmezhenostі rіznomanіtny. Earth before Well i myself Je virobnichim chinnikom abo resource. On nіy viroschuyut vrozhay - de bіlshy de Mensch. Krіm tsogo have Nadra zemlі hovayutsya nezlіchennі bagatstva in viglyadі mіneralіv, gas, naphtha t i. E. Ale stink th obmezhenі for svoєyu nature. Zrobiti abo nagromaditi nemozhlivo ground. Vaughn - Natural chinnik.

Pid kapіtalom rozumіyut zasobi virobnitstva: sirovinu, materіali, cars, ustatkuvannya, budinki, sporudi, transportation, phone reception. Pong OOO All product pratsі Yea i vzhe through tse toil obmezheny character. Krіm of їh lіmіtovanіst viznachaєtsya obmezhenіstyu zemlі that її Nadr, zvіdki dobutі vreshtі-Rasht usі nashі materіalnі good.

Kapіtal before Well Got vlastivіst starіti, znoshuvatisya. Otzhe, Chastina new kapіtalu yde on old zamіnu. Tom tsogo processes podolannya obmezhenostі resource stikaєtsya s great skladnoschami, Hoca Lyudin postіyno pereboryuє їh. Kapіtal on vіdmіnu od zemlі, Je resource ekonomіchnim.

In protsesі pratsі Lyudin realіzuє all sukupnіst svoїh fіzichnih i mozhlivostey spirituality: knowledge vmіnnya, kvalіfіkatsіyu, tobto truncated those scho given їy suspіlstvo vіdpovіdno to rіvnya yogo i іstorichnogo cultural rozvitku. Lyudin Knows bagato, Ale tsogo nedostatno, oskіlki in skin Danian time of our dosvіd, knowledge upirayutsya in svoї mezhі. Mi namagaєmosya peretinati їh, ruhaєmosya forward - vіdsuvaєtsya boundary, not ale znikaє. In tsomu th polyagaє are obmezhenostі resursіv. Tom suspіlstvu potrіbno zavzhdi vibirati scho viroblyati and od chogo vіdmovlyatisya. Tse porushuє problem ratsіonalnogo efektivnosti Gospodarstwa (virobnitstva).

Oskіlki require suspіlstva bezmezhnі and zasobi їh zadovolennya zavzhdi obmezhenі before suspіlstvom in Danian time of skin, and mean so very zavzhdi postaє Vibor problem. Vinikaє alternative, the entire hour vibirati brought abo, abo vzagalі zhertvuvati: zbіlshuvati virobnitstvo one product, ale z odnochasnim skorochennyam virobnitstva іnshogo, chi shukati Inshyj Way, sposіb method. Vinikaє problem virobnichih mozhlivostey. Zvіdsi - rozvitok virobnitstva on osnovі zadovolennya potreb for rakhunok realіzatsії Sistemi ekonomіchnih іnteresіv.

Ekonomіchnі Interests: i sutnіst klasifіkatsіya

For Marx, ekonomіchnі vіdnosini skin danogo suspіlstva viznachayutsya nasampered yak Interests. Identity, Interests ekonomіchnі yavlyayutsya him ob'єktivnі, zumovlenі vіdnosinami vlasnostі sponukalnі motives stimulated trudovoї dіyalnostі, spryamovanі on zadovolennya potreb skin member i suspіlstva in tsіlomu. Ekonomіchnі Interests vistupayut Form Wink i realіzatsії ekonomіchnih required. Saying to Іnakshe, ekonomіchnі Interests - tse usvіdomlenі ekonomіchnі require sponukalnі Seeley. Vzagalі іnteres - ka-tegorіya ob'єktivno-sub'єktivna. During Find our sub'єktivnostі Interests mozhna klasifіkuvati yak: osobistі, grupovі, kolektiv ivnі, natsіonalnі, vіdomchі, regіonalnі, zagalnolyudskі, suspіlnі. W tsogo Look ekonomіchnі Interests yavlyayutsya him gospodarsku motivatsіyu have razі realіzatsії yakoї sub'єkt vіdnosin zabezpechuє samostіynіst vzagalі, samostіynіst spryamuvannya, samostverdzhennya, samorozvitok.

In sistemі іnteresіv viokremlyuyut klyuchovі (golovnі) i drugoryadnі. W urahuvannyam ob'єkta іnteresіv ostannі mozhna klasifіkuvati yak: moral etichnі, Interests BEZPEKA pratsі, Interests minds pratsі, Interests regime pratsі i vіdpochinku, penny-fіnansovі, maynovі that іn.

W glancing hours aspektіv Interests rozrіznyayut sharpen yak-ni i perspektivnі, it s pozitsії usvіdomlennya stink buvayut іstin-ni, pomilkovі, nepravilnі, falshivі. Nosіyami іnteresіv Je іndivіdi, groups, class, sotsіalnі prosharki, gospodaryuyuchі sub'єkti t i. E.

In real zhittі Yednist іnteresіv dosyagaєtsya through realіzatsіyu s skin they have protsesі vzaєmodії i vzaєmozv'yazku. Thus, the NKVD іnteres pratsіvnika not mozhna realіzuvati, Yakscho not bude realіzovany іnteres pіdpriєmstva (pіdpriєmtsya) spozhivacha produktsії, suspіlstva in tsіlomu.