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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Bєlyaєv OO

Rozdіl 4 Ekonomіchne zrostannya i sotsіalno-ekonomіchny progression

Subject 13, Form suspіlnogo product in protsesі vіdtvorennya. Rozpodіl natsіonalnogo income

Yak vіdomo, Ekonomichna teorіya on au-Perche, operuє digit kіlkіstyu nayvazhlivіshih makroekonomіchnih aggregate (sukupnih) pokaznikіv, sutnіst that methodological obchislennya yakih vazhlivo zasvoїti. In another way, when vivchennі danoї those slіd zvernuti Especially uwagi on Location i role natsіonalnogo income from suspіlnomu vіdtvoryuvalnomu protsesі.

§ 1. Zmіst suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya i sukupny suspіlny product

ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі Je result Nadzvychaina sytuatsia large Quantity tovarіv i poslug. In protsesі їh stvorennya take fate rіznі factorization virobnitstva, vlasnikami yakih vistupayut zagalnovіdomі osnovnі gospodaryuyuchі sub'єkti, rіznomanіtnі for forms that vlasnostі organіzatsії.

Suspіlne vіdtvorennya: sutnіst, tipi

Process virobnitstva, take natsіonalnomu rіvnі not yak disposable act, and in that postіynomu povtorennі vіdnovlennі, nazivayut suspіlnim vіdtvorennyam. Ostannє vklyuchaє takі stadії: virobnitstvo, rozpodіl, obmіn that spozhivannya tovarіv i poslug.

In ekonomіchnіy lіteraturі vіdpovіdno to іsnuyuchoї practice viokremlyuyut takі tipi suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya: Just rozshirene that zvuzhene.

Just vіdtvorennya - tse vіdnovlennya virobnitstva s rock Year in practical scale in nezmіnnih i on practical nezmіnnіy tehnіko-tehnologіchnіy osnovі. Tacke vіdtvorennya typical for traditsіynih suspіlstv de Tempi zrostannya suspіlnogo virobnitstva nizkі, i yak naslіdok - upovіlneny sotsіalno-ekonomіchny progression. Podіbne yavische Got Location ninі i have bagatoh kraїnah svitu.

Rozshirene vіdtvorennya - tse vіdnovlennya virobnitstva in the following cutaneous perіodі have INCREASING scale that on postіyno zmіnyuvanih tehnіko-tehnologіchnih ambushes. For such vіdtvorennya in the following cutaneous promіzhku hour potrіbnі dodatkovі abo yakіsnіshі virobnichі resources.

W look around zagalnoї tendentsії rozshirenogo vіdtvorennya for okremі perіodi Mauger mother Location zmenshennya i yogo masshtabіv, tobto zvuzhene vіdtvorennya. The reasons for this will become Je fіzichne that moral znoshennya main kapіtalu and takozh torn down (destabіlіzatsіya) zv'yazkіv mіzh gospodaryuyuchimi sub'єktami. In lіteraturі tse vіdomo yak transformatsіyny recession scho pritamanny Bhagat kraїnam s perehіdnoyu ekonomіkoyu.

Fig. 3. Krugoobіg dohodіv i vitrat at national gospodarstvі

Process suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya organіchno vklyuchaє vіdtvorennya troh yogo elementіv: sukupnogo product robochoї Sealy, ekonomіchnih vіdnosin.

In aspektі processes vіdtvorennya in polіtekonomії ninі priynyato govorito takozh about ekonomіchny krugoobіg dohodіv Vitra i t u scale natsіonalnoї Economy (div. Fig. 3).

W navedenoї (abstraktnoї) schemes tsirkulyatsії real boon i penny potokіv natsіonalnіy ekonomіtsі have seen, for scho godinnikovoyu strіlkoyu od domogospodarstv through rinok resursіv nadhodyat Hotel faktorіv virobnitstva (pratsі, kapіtalu, zemlі, pіdpriєmnitstva). In his Cherga through rinok ekonomіchnih wealth of companies od to domogospodarstv іdut rіznі materіalnі that nematerіalnі good. Tsei processes so vіdbuvaєtsya itself for godinnikovoyu strіlkoyu. Ruh danih real potokіv resursіv i kіntsevoї produktsії oposeredkovuєtsya (splachuєtsya) Penny flows. Tom proti godinnikovoї strіlki dotted lіnієyu shown zustrіchny ruh koshtіv penny.

Sukupny suspіlny product

Pіdsumkovim result suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya Je sukupny suspіlny product (MTP). MSP - tse virazheny in rinkovih tsіnah obsyag tovarіv i poslug scho stvorenі protyagom Pevnyi perіodu (yak usually rock). Vihіdnim moment yogo Ruhu Je virobnitstvo and kіntsevim - spozhivannya. Rozpodіl that obmіn oposeredkovuyut phone reception mіzh great chiselnіstyu produtsentіv (virobnikіv) i spozhivachіv SSP. Tsі zv'yazki znahodyat svіy viraz i in skhemі ekonomіchnogo krugoobіgu dohodіv i vitrat at national gospodarstvі.

Donedavna (at CPCP) pokaznik randomness pay with MSP-vavsya yak result materіalnogo virobnitstva and scope poslug (Transport, zv'yazku, torgіvlі) vrahovuvalas deprivation chastkovo: Bravo to uwagi їh bezposeredno-productive stvoryuvalny result (virobnichy transport packaging that rozfasovka tovarіv toscho ).

Ekonomіsti, SSMSC Ziman teorієyu suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya, vbachali svoє zavdannya nasampered in fact dwellers rozkriti CSP structure in natural-rechovіy i vartіsnіy forms that obґruntuvati їh funktsіonalne priznachennya. Thus, F. Kene slit in the XVIII century. target vіdomu ekonomіchnu Table de viokremiv in suspіlnomu produktі produktsіyu sіlskogo Gospodarstwa i promislovostі in yakih have their Cherga, rozmezhuvav zasobi virobnitstva spozhivannya i Objects.

A. Smіt takozh vidіlyav in strukturі sukupnogo product zasobi virobnitstva spozhivannya i Objects. On osnovі takoї structuring sukupnogo Product Marx obґruntuvav podіl suspіlnogo virobnitstva two vіdpovіdnih pіdrozdіli: I - virobnitstvo zasobіv virobnitstva; II - virobnitstvo predmetіv spozhivannya.

This train pіdhodu to analіzu suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya doderzhuvavsya i J. M. Keynes against deprivation stosovno spherical obіgu. Osoblivіst pіdhodu polyagaє yogo in fact, scho at viznachennі obsyagіv spozhivannya vіn vіdrahovuvav s usієї sukupnostі prodazhіv zasobi virobnitstva (for viznachennyam Keynes Tse those scho pіdpriєmtsі kupuyut one to one), scho dozvolyaє otrimuvati obsyag realіzatsії predmetіv spozhivannya.

Ninі in ekonomіchnіy teorії that praktitsі gospodaryuvannya vіdpovіdno to natural-rechovoї FORMS MSP i zgіdno s funktsіonalnim priznachennyam vіdpovіdnogo good sukupny product takozh podіlyayut on zasobi virobnitstva spozhivannya i Objects. Zumovleno Tse note scho zasobi virobnitstva i Objects spozhivannya vikonuyut suttєvo rіznі funktsії in protsesі vіdtvorennya. Yakscho Pershi priznacheno for vіdtvorennya perevazhno Retschow (materіalnih) elementіv productive forces, drugі - for vіdtvorennya Human Factor virobnitstva.

The problem i spіvvіdnoshennya Persha another pіdrozdіlіv suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya Got velichezne values ​​for rozvitku Economy. Stosovno promislovostі viokremlyuyut grupu "A" (zasobi virobnitstva) i grupu "B" (subject spozhivannya).

The structure of the national Gospodarstwa scho sklalasya ninі in Ukraїnі, harakterizuєtsya digit perevazhannyam Galuzo groupies "A", SSMSC stvoryuyut zasobi virobnitstva. Tse svіdchit about those scho nayblizhchim hour at natsіonalnomu gospodarstvі neobhіdno uniquely pіdvischiti chastku virobnitstva predmetіv spozhivannya. For Ukraine tse zavdannya stronger, more here Je spriyatlivі prirodnі resources to rozvitku sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva and takozh efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya bagatoh good equipping of companies pіdgaluzey harchovoї that legkoї promislovostі.

Vid spherical materіalnogo virobnitstva slіd vіdrіznyati scope nematerіalnogo virobnitstva. Before ostannoї nalezhat the Branch, de stvoryuyutsya nematerіalnі good - duhovnі that INSHI tsіnnostі, that nadayutsya nematerіalnі Hotel - Osvita, receptionists Health Protection, Naukova obslugovuvannya toscho. In sukupnostі virobnitstvo mate i-rіalnih nematerіalnih poslug becoming scope poslug.

Krіm podіlu on materіalne i nematerіalne virobnitstvo have zahіdnіy lіteraturі іsnuє takozh podіl virobnitstva on Pervin, vtorinne i tretinne vіdpovіdno to nature virobnichih funktsіy. Before Pervin virobnitstva nalezhat dobuvnі the Branch that sіlske Gospodarstwa (zemlerobstvo, tvarinnitstvo i t. N.). Vtorinne virobnitstvo bazuєtsya at Parvin i Je pohіdnim od Demba. Vono ohoplyuє OAO All the Branch obrobnoї promislovostі and takozh budіvnitstvo. Tretinne virobnitstvo Je pohіdnim od Pervin vtorinnogo i i Zi pov'yazane stvorennyam rіznomanіtnih poslug, SSMSC in its Cherga, podіlyayutsya on takі scho obslugovuyut virobnitstvo abo, abo okremih osіb, tobto on virobnichі that osobistі Hotel.

Sukupnіst Galuzo, SSMSC obslugovuyut virobnitstvo, becoming virobnichu іnfrastrukturu (virobnichy transport, phone reception, and takozh in danomu aspektі torgіvlyu, fіnansovo kreditnі-Set). In rozvinutih kraїnah sphere virobnichih poslug postіyno zrostaє Yea i visokoefektivnoyu galuzzyu suspіlnoї dіyalnostі.

Vartіsna structure suspіlnogo product - tse vazhliva problem analіzu suspіlnogo vіdtvorennya, i zokrema suspіlnogo product in natural-rechovіy i vartіsnіy forms. Pershe dosit Povny uyavlennya schodo danoї ekonomіchnoї category of inducing Marx in another tomі "Kapіtalu". Vіn showing scho structure vartostі suspіlnogo product, yak th okremogo product, skladaєtsya s dvoh Chastain and the Same: materіalnih costs (C) i novostvorenoї vartostі (V + M). Stop vklyuchaє neobhіdny (for vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley) i dodatkovy product (neobhіdny for rozshirennya virobnitstva and takozh zadovolennya suspіlnih required).

Vartіsnu structure suspіlnogo product rozglyadav takozh J. Keynes. Ale th here, yak i at analіzі natural-Retschow warehouse suspіlnogo product Keynes vihodiv not deprivation virobnitstva s processes, and d іz processes obіgu de vartіsna structure tsogo product small bіlsh Povny viglyad.

In ekonomіchnіy lіteraturі that gospodarsky praktitsі toil Location pіdhodi two to obchislennya obsyagu suspіlnogo product. Zgіdno s one s them yaky on bazuєtsya marksistskіy teorії, SSP - result materіalnogo virobnitstva and to nevirobnichі Hotel not vklyuchayutsya danogo in cost of the product. For takoї BSC methodology pіdrahunku not CCB vіlny od re oblіku, oskіlki promіzhna Produkciya could vrahovuvatis kіlka razіv. Pid promіzhnoyu produktsієyu rozumіyut Flea is the Hotel, SSMSC passing away pererobku (napriklad, zalіzna ore dwellers materіalіzuvatis in Verstat, machine, pass processes zbagachennya (aglomeratsії) viplavki chavunu, potіm stalі that virobnitstva rental i podalshі virobnichі operatsії right up to the finished product (Verstat ).