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Ekonomіka pratsі - Zavіnovska GT

2.4. Regulyuvannya zaynyatostі population

Rinok pratsі yak vazhliva bagatoplanova sphere ekonomіchnogo i sotsіalno-polіtichnogo Zhittya suspіlstva potrebuє kvalіfіkovanogo regulyuvannya s metoyu pіdvischennya efektivnostі yogo funktsіonuvannya. Same stvorennya dіyovoї Sistemi regulyuvannya spherical zaynyatostі Yea one s basic sotsіalnih zahodіv rozvitku suspіlstva.

Derzhavna polіtika zaynyatostі population deposits od i tempіv nature rinkovih peretvoren. Vaughn peredbachaє system adaptatsії rіznih kategorіy nezaynyatogo population to vimog pratsі market analysis and takozh Zahist system sotsіalnogo bezrobіtnih that osіb s obmezhenoyu konkurentospromozhnіstyu.

Reigning regulyuvannya zaynyatostі population Got ґruntuvatisya on:

• zabezpechennі sotsіalnogo partnership sub'єktіv pratsі market analysis, tobto stvorennі rіvnih mozhlivostey usіm gromadyanam Square od їhnogo pohodzhennya, Mainova sotsіalnogo i will, i rasovoї natsіonalnoї nalezhnostі, statі, vіku, polіtichnih perekonan, representations to relіgії, realіzatsії rights vіlny vibіr referring to dіyalnostі vіdpovіdno svoїh zdіbnostey that profesіynoї pіdgotovki s urahuvannyam NKVD іnteresіv that suspіlnih required;
• spriyannі zabezpechennyu efektivnoї zaynyatostі, zapobіgannі bezrobіttyu, stvorennі novih robochem mіsts that drain to rozvitku pіdpriєmnitstva;
• dobrovіlnostі th schodo gromadyan vіdsutnostі primushennya Vibor spherical dіyalnostі th robochem Georeferencing;
• glasnostі on osnovі vsebіchnogo іnformuvannya population about nayavnіst vacant robochem mіsts;
• dotrimannі kompleksnostі zahodіv schodo regulyuvannya zaynyatostі population;
• pіdtrimtsі pratsezdatnih gromadyan in pratsezdatnomu vіtsі, SSMSC potrebuyut sotsіalnogo Zahist;
• zabezpechennі zahodіv zapobіzhnogo nature schodo regulyuvannya zaynyatostі population that vіdtvorennya robochem mіsts;
• pevnoї garantії zaynyatostі, tobto garantії zberezhennya robochem mіsts i profesії, garantії dohodіv obsession.

Fallow od Economy is the market analysis will pratsі peredbachaєtsya zdіysnennya Active Passive she zahodіv regulyuvannya zaynyatostі.

To active zahodіv nalezhat:

• stvorennya dodatkovih i novih robochem mіsts Shlyakhov restrukturizatsії Economy, rozvitku private bіznesu, Especially Small th serednogo, stvorennya minds for іnozemnogo іnvestuvannya that for samozaynyatostі toscho population;
• proforієntatsіya, pіdgotovka th perepіdgotovka kadrіv;
• organіzatsіya Gromadska robіt;
• posilennya teritorіalnoї that profesіynoї mobіlnostі robochoї Seeley;
• rozvitok service zaynyatostі toscho.

Before Passive zahodіv nalezhat: viplata Relief from zv'yazku s bezrobіttyam i nadannya Relief sіmey members, SSMSC perebuvayut on utrimannі bezrobіtnih.

Slіd nagolositi scho novih stvorennya postіynih i timchasovih robochem mіsts in Suchasnyj minds digit mіroyu stale od rozvitku Malih of companies i kooperativіv. Ninі in Ukraїnі them pripadaє priblizno 60% zagalnoї kіlkostі zaynyatih near-sovereign bodies.

For stvorennya Malih of companies not potrіbno kapіtalu great start. Vodnochase tsі pіdpriєmstva zabezpechuyut robots digit chastku timchasovo nezaynyatih gromadyan.

Galuzeva spetsіalіzatsіya, rozmіri Malih of companies that toil viznachatisya structural sotsіalnimi prіoritetami rozvitku okremih mіst, areas urahuvannyam zbalansovanostі regіonalnoї s Economy. Takі pіdpriєmstva zmozhut funktsіonuvati navіt for bankrutstva minds of companies-monopolіstіv i formuvatimut rinkove seredovische that rozvitok konkurentsії. Malі pіdpriєmstva mozhut stvoryuvati vivіlnenі s virobnitstva pratsіvniki odnієї abo blizkih spetsіalnostey.

Prospective directly Je organіzatsіya Malih of companies through zaluchennya them vipusknikіv vocational, tehnіkumіv s away translated Tsikh of companies on Orenda, redemption rights. Nezvazhayuchi on vіdnosno Mensch vartіst robochem mіsts in sotsіalno-pobutovіy sferі, dotsіlno stvoryuvati novі pіdpriєmstva in virobnichіy sferі, zokrema in virobnitstvі budіvelnih materіalіv for pereroblennya m'yasa, ovochіv, fruktіv, zagotіvlі produktsії and takozh in virobnichіy іnfrastrukturі.

About efektivnіst stvorennya Malih of companies svіdchit i zarubіzhny dosvіd. Іz zagalnoї kіlkostі novih robochem mіsts in promislovostі rozvinenih kraїn from 60 to 80% on pripadaє malies BIZNES. In Nіmechchinі, napriklad, up to 70% bezrobіtnih oderzhuyut robot on the Same Malih pіdpriєmstvah. Progressive napryamkom regulyuvannya zaynyatostі slіd vvazhati pіlgovu Credit i podatkovih polіtiku schodo of companies, SSMSC zbіlshuyut Quantity robochem mіsts i nadayut їh sotsіalno nezahischenim GROUP nezaynyatogo population.

Vazhlivim directly aktivnoї polіtiki zaynyatostі Je profesіyna pіdgotovka, perepіdgotovka i pіdvischennya kvalіfіkatsії pratsіvnikіv s metoyu stvorennya spriyatlivih minds for large-scale rozgortannya protsesіv strukturnoї that tehnologіchnoї perebudovi Economy, zapobіgannya zmushenomu hronіchnomu bezrobіttyu, rozv'yazannya recruitment zavdan, pov'yazanih іz ratsіonalіzatsієyu zaynyatostі.

Nasampered neobhіdno zdіysnyuvati profesіynu pіdgotovku th perepіdgotovku kadrіv h the following pratsevlashtuvannyam quiet profesіynih group pratsіvnikіv, SSMSC stanovlyat mainly masu bezrobіtnih.

System profesіynogo navchannya bezrobіtnih gromadyan i nezaynyatogo population Got vikonuvati sotsіalnі (opanuvannya profesії, spetsіalnostі yak zasobu Zahist od bezrobіttya) that ekonomіchnі funktsії (rozvitok labor potentsіalu suspіlstva, vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy neobhіdnoї kvalіfіkatsії). Tsya system Yea one іz lantsyugіv bezperervnogo navchannya, dopovnyuyuchi іsnuyuchі Sistemi profesіynogo navchannya.

Profesіyne navchannya Got organіzovuvatisya nasampered for gromadyan, SSMSC Especially potrebuyut sotsіalnogo Zahist: osіb, SSMSC trivaly hour not pratsyuyut, іnvalіdіv, molodі, lonely i bagatodіtnih batkіv, zhіnok, SSMSC vihovuyut dіtey doshkіlnogo vіku that dіtey іnvalіdіv, osіb peredpensіynogo vіku, bіzhentsіv, vimushenih pereselentsіv .

System profesіynogo navchannya bezrobіtnih gromadyan i nezaynyatogo population rank for priznachena bunt pіdgotovki that perepіdgotovki algae population spirayuchis on їhnі profesіynі Znannya that vmіnnya, virobnichy dosvіd. The young, yak Vpershe shukaє robot musit nabuvati profesіyu spetsіalnіst abo, yak usually in The Teaching mortgages profesіynogo navchannya up cob trudovoї dіyalnostі.

Great values ​​nabuvaє pіdvischennya gnuchkostі Sistemi profnavchannya i perekvalіfіkatsії, peredusіm zavdyaki rozvitku directly dogovіrnih vіdnosin mіzh pіdpriєmtsyami, pіdpriєmstvami i The Teaching mortgages. When tsomu Plagne i prog navchannya slіd orієntuvati on zadovolennya specific potreb zamovnika.

Neobhіdno udoskonaliti Informácie schodo vakansіy system peredusіm stvoriti іntegrovanu base danih about rinok robochoї Sealy, yak b mіstila іnformatsіyu about needful of companies in frames of profesіyami that kvalіfіkatsіynimi rozryadami (profesіy structure rіven kvalіfіkatsії) and takozh danі about Quantity nayavnih that neobhіdnih robochem mіsts for kategorіyami staff.

Through udoskonalennya Sistemi Informácie that pіdvischennya її efektivnostі mozhlive vhodzhennya komp'yuternoї Sistemi derzhavnoї service to zaynyatostі expanse «INERNET».

Vodnochase slіd polіpshiti іnformatsіyne obslugovuvannya molodіzhnogo sector through market analysis pratsі perіodichnu pіdgotovku i Pushed to uchnіv that studentіv information The needful of companies in robochіy silі, about neobhіdnіst prodovzhuvati navchannya that obsession profesії, konkurentospromozhnoї pratsі on market analysis. Neobhіdno takozh provoditi spetsіalіzovanі (galuzevі) that regіonalnі (mіzhgaluzevі) vakansіy fairs; zabezpechuvati rozvitok proforієntatsіynih poslug for molodі (іnformatsіynih, dіagnostichnih, advisory that іn.).

In the minds zrostannya bezrobіttya pererostannya i yogo in deyakih regіonah i Galuzo national Gospodarstwa have Masov vazhlivim zasobom aktivnoї polіtiki power in the market analysis pratsі Je away rozshiryuvannya oplachuvanih Gromadska robіt.

Organіzatsіya Gromadska robіt daє zmogu ratsіonalnіshe vikoristovuvati robochem force stvoryuvati timchasovu zaynyatіst bezrobіtnogo population yak on regіonalnomu rіvnі so i pid hour realіzatsії proektіv zagalnoderzhavnogo nature. Zarubіzhny dosvіd svіdchit about those scho for Relief Gromadska robіt deyakі rozvinutі Kraina overcame 30-40% rіven bezrobіttya. Ale on vіdmіnu od Ukraine,-valued chastka Tsikh robіt small zagalnoderzhavny character (pobudova magіstraley, truboprovіdnogo transport mostіv toscho), scho give zmogu zaluchiti to them tіlki nekvalіfіkovanu robochem force, and the second visokokvalіfіkovanih robіtnikіv i spetsіalіstіv, SSMSC not Somalia on the hour robots.

Basics organіzatsії Gromadska robіt Je dovgostrokovі regіonalnі prog timchasovoї zaynyatostі, vіdpovіdno to yakih stvoryuyutsya robochі Georeferencing, population zaluchaєtsya to Gromadska-korisnoї pratsі in perіod znizhennya popitu on robochem force.

Gromadskі robots neobhіdno rozglyadati yak vimusheny against neobhіdny zasіb Borotba s bezrobіttyam. Timchasovі robochі Georeferencing stvoryuyutsya perevazhno in state-sponsored sektorі i spryamovanі on vikoristannya pratsі rіznih kategorіy robochoї Seeley, do not yak potrebuє spetsіalnoї pіdgotovki.

Gromadskі robots regulyuyut popit on robochem force pom'yakshuyut gostrotu i problemi bezrobіttya. Oznachaє Tse, scho in perіod vіdnosno stіykogo ekonomіchnogo rozvitku vdavatisya to organіzatsії Gromadska robіt neobhіdno in razі kraynoї require yak bi stvoryuyuchi "reserve" on the perіod, if Tempi ekonomіchnogo rozvitku upovіlnyuyutsya. Rezervuvannya robіt oznachaє not tіlki zmіnu strokіv budіvnitstva ob'єktіv and second nagromadzhennya Pevnyi fіnansovih that materіalnih zasobіv.

Zaluchennya to Gromadska robіt Je zasobom maintained upstream porіvnyano s viplatoyu Relief from zv'yazku s bezrobіttyam s pozitsіy okremoї individuals yak, so i power. According au-Perche, Costa viplachuyutsya not free of charge, and for Pevnyi Gromadska korist; Alternatively, stvoryuyutsya novі robochі Georeferencing; in tretє, a temple chastka zarobіtnoї pay in zagalnih vitratah, yak typical for quiet Galuzo de zvichayno zastosovuyutsya gromadskі robot robit dotsіlnim vikoristannya ostannіh for upovіlnennya znizhennya kupіvelnogo popitu population nebezpechnogo Especially in perіod znizhennya tempіv ekonomіchnogo zrostannya; on-quarter, viroblena on Tsikh robots Produkciya not to Veda commercial nadvirobnitstva, nebezpechnogo in perіod ekonomіchnoї nestabіlnostі, oskіlki virobnitstvo reglamentuєtsya i not Got masovogo nature.

In the minds masovogo bezrobіttya dotsіlnim Je Reigning regulyuvannya Gromadska robіt. However vono Got peredbachati spriyatlivі minds for pіdpriєmtsіv zvuzhuvatisya i have mіru pozhvavlennya virobnitstva that zbіlshennya popitu on robochem force.

Oskіlki Sered bezrobіtnih temple chastku stanovlyat zhіnki that young, zaluchennya їh to Gromadska robіt mozhna zdіysnyuvati through rozgortannya spetsіalіzovanih robіt such yak vikonannya timchasovih that season sіlskogospodarskih robіt in primіskih Gospodarstwa, vikonannya robіt schodo be landscaped, nadannya poslug sotsіalno-pobutovogo nature (doglyad for dіtmi, ailing, robot arhіvah, bіblіotekah, randomness bodies toscho The Teaching mortgages); organіzatsіya navchannya zhіnok manual tkatstvu, merezhivopletіnnyu, vishivannyu.

For kozhnoї groupies bezrobіtnih organіzatsіya Gromadska robіt Got his spetsifіku. Zokrema, pevnі robots dotsіlno poєdnuvati s profesіynoyu pіdgotovkoyu abo perepіdgotovkoyu. Peredusіm tse stosuєtsya profesіy, neobhіdnih for danogo regіonu.

Organіzatsіya Gromadska robіt Got Especially great significance for bezrobіtnoї molodі, yak psihologіchno nestіyka, skhilna to vplivu negatively sotsіalnih yavisch i yavlyaє him zhivilne seredovische for zrostannya narkomanії, zlochinnostі, sotsіalnih konflіktіv. Antisotsіalna povedіnka molodі destructive vplivaє on її pіdgotovku that fate in suspіlnomu virobnitstvі. In his Cherga, tse pogіrshuє yakіst robochoї Seeley: kvalіfіkatsіyu, profpіdgotovku, representations to pratsі. Tom Nadzvychaina sytuatsia vazhlivo zaluchati bezrobіtnu juveniles and takozh i uchnіv studentіv in vіlny od navchannya hour before Gromadska robіt, Especially in sferі sotsіalno-korisnoї dіyalnostі.

Rozporyadok robochem hour to Gromadska robots Got Booty Taqiy, dwellers Participants Mali hour Poshuk postіynoї robots. Mozhna organіzuvati "Days Poshuk robots" konsultativnі groupies, robochі club, de molodі nadayut proforієntatsіynі Hotel is the Hotel s pratsevlashtuvannya, vіdvіduvannya of companies.

In Ukraїnі wide vikoristannyu Gromadska robіt zavazhayut, s one side, vіdsutnіst koshtіv in mіstsevih budgets nezaіnteresovanіst of companies in organіzatsії Tsikh robіt unaslіdok obmezhenoї required in robochіy silі, s іnshogo side - nepopulyarnіst such robіt Sered nezaynyatih gromadyan through timchasovіst, nevіdpovіdnіst kvalіfіkatsіynomu rіvnyu i, yak naslіdok, psihologіchnu nepriynyatnіst.