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Ekonomіka pratsі - Zavіnovska GT

2.5. Warm up spriyannya zaynyatostі

Derzhavna active polіtika zaynyatostі peredbachaє rozroblennya program spriyannya zaynyatostі. Tsі prog mozhut ohoplyuvati yak okremі category of the population, peredusіm margіnalnі groups: juveniles, zhіnok, іnvalіdіv so i spetsifіchnі vipadki zagrozi bezrobіttya, zumovlenі ekonomіchnoyu abo іnshoyu situatsієyu (demografіchnim, polіtichnim, stihіynim dashing toscho).

In rozvinutih kraїnah bіlshіst program zaynyatostі stosuєtsya Pevnyi kategorіy population SSMSC potrebuyut pіdtrimki th Relief.

Rozrіznyayut dovgostrokovі th korotkostrokovі (per Year) prog. Pong rozroblyayutsya yak on the state-sponsored, so i on regіonalnomu rіvnyah.

Reigning Metoyu i regіonalnih program zaynyatostі Je spriyannya zaynyatostі population zadovolennya potreb gromadyan in pratsі.

Derzhavnі i teritorіalnі prog zaynyatostі population spryamovanі on:

• spriyannya rozvitku i strukturnіy perebudovі Economy, stvorennyu minds for direction vivіlnyuvanih pratsіvnikіv nasampered on rentabelnі virobnitstva that in the Branch prіoritetnі Economy;
• Poperedjennia rozvitku bezrobіttya i yogo skorochennya through pіdvischennya ekonomіchnoї zaіnteresovanostі of companies i have organіzatsіy stvorennі dodatkovih robochem mіsts, perevazhno s gnuchkimi zaynyatostі forms;
• udoskonalennya Sistemi vіdtvorennya robochoї Sealy vodnochase Zi zbіlshennyam number robochem mіsts, polіpshennyam profesіynoї orієntatsії, pіdvischennyam kvalіfіkatsії pratsіvnikіv that efektivnostі vikoristannya resursіv of labor;
• Zahist bezrobіtnih that їhnіh sіmey od negatively naslіdkіv bezrobіttya i zabezpechennya zaynyatostі gromadyan, SSMSC potrebuyut sotsіalnogo Zahist i not on the market analysis spromozhnі konkuruvati pratsі;
• formuvannya kadrovoї, materіalnoї, іnformatsіynoї, statistichnoї, fіnansovoї that NAUKOVO-metodichnoї bazi derzhavnoї service zaynyatostі;
• Come spriyannya zaynyatostі population, yak in prozhivaє sіlskіy mіstsevostі.

Spetsіalnі galuzevі prog zaynyatostі population priznachenі for virіshennya on rіvnі okremih Galuzo i prihovanogo bezrobіttya problems of companies, spriyannya produktivnіy zaynyatostі pratsіvnikіv i praktichnіy realіzatsії diferentsіyovanogo pіdhodu to okremih of companies s urahuvannyam derzhavnoї polіtiki strukturnoї perebudovi, sanatsії Reigning of companies i zahodіv derzhavnoї polіtiki pratsі on market analysis.

In Ukraїnі Vpershe Bula rozroblena Derzhavna programa zaynyatostі population for 1995 p. yak yelement dovgostrokovoї strategії formuvannya sotsіalno-rinkovoї modelі upravlіnnya Rink pratsі.

In Programs, rozroblenih in Ukraїnі, uzagalnyuyutsya konkretnі come in schodo stvorennya vіdpovіdnogo law, that methodically organіzatsіynogo zabezpechennya polіtiki zaynyatostі for those directly:

• formuvannya mehanіzmu diferentsіyovanogo pіdhodu schodo zberezhennya robochem mіsts;
• stvorennya mehanіzmіv realіzatsії polіtiki zaynyatostі in zagalnonatsіonalnih Programs (zokrema in programa Gromadska robіt, spriyannya zaynyatostі molodі, Renaissance village that іn.);
• regulyuvannya mіgratsіy of labor;
• zabezpechennya dodatkovih garantіy zaynyatostі population okremim kategorіyam gromadyan;
• spriyannya profesіynіy mobіlnostі;
• rozvitok sotsіalno labor vіdnosin;
• udoskonalennya іnformatsіyno-statistichnoї bazi rozvitku pratsі market analysis;
• spriyannya zaynyatostі Shlyakhov rozvitku sotsіalnogo partnership.

Come schodo realіzatsії derzhavnoї polіtiki zaynyatostі on teritorіalnomu rіvnі urahovuyut neobhіdnіst spriyannya whether Yakima forms rozshirennya spherical prikladannya pratsі, in addition chislі stvorennya novih robochem mіsts, zabezpechennya minds for rozvitku pіdpriєmnitstva that pratsevlashtuvannya nezaynyatogo population i bezrobіtnih; Reigning zabezpechennya garantіy for okremih kategorіy population; polіpshennya Sistemi profesіynoї orієntatsії, pіdgotovki th perepіdgotovki kadrіv; materіalnoї pіdtrimki bezrobіtnih that їhnіh sіmey; organіzatsії Gromadska robіt toscho.

At the program's takozh obґruntovuєtsya organіzatsіyne, Naukova i fіnansove zabezpechennya usіh zaplanovanih zahodіv that neobhіdnіst control schodo їh realіzatsії.

Come in, have rozroblenі Programs, peredbachayut zabezpechennya spriyatlivih podatkovih, іnvestitsіynih, fіnansovo and credit that іnshih minds for gospodaryuvannya of companies, organіzatsіy, SET usіh vlasnostі forms.

Formuvannya derzhavnoї prog zaynyatostі Got podvіyny character. W one side, won rozroblyaєtsya znizu i yavlyaє him uzagalnennya teritorіalnih program. W іnshogo side, Derzhavna programa zaynyatostі formuєtsya zverhu, uzagalnyuyuchi zavdannya, SSMSC mozhut viznachatisya tіlki on zagalnoderzhavnomu i mіzhregіonalnomu rіvnyah. Tse zdіysnyuєtsya through rozroblennya zakonodavchih aktіv, udoskonalennya Sistemi upravlіnnya, koordinatsії fіnansovih vitrat on realіzatsіyu zahodіv ekonomіchnoї i sotsіalnoї polіtiki in sferі zaynyatostі, pіdvischennya rіvnya її Naukova obґruntuvannya.

Vazhlivim Je ob'єdnannya rіchnogo that dovgostrokovogo pіdhodіv to programuvannya zaynyatostі population, yak tse peredbacheno statte 14 Law of Ukraine "About zaynyatіst population."

Zarubіzhny dosvіd svіdchit about rіznі pіdhodi okremih kraїn schodo rozpodіlu koshtіv on aktivnі th pasivnі come in polіtiki zaynyatostі. Such kraїnah, yak Frantsіya, Zittau, Anglіya perevazhayut vitrati on pіdtrimuvannya rіvnya dohodіv population, and come in aktivnі vitrachaєtsya uniquely less then koshtіv. In Frantsії, napriklad, chastka vitrat on aktivnі th pasivnі come in vіdpovіdno dorіvnyuє 28.4 i 71.6%; in Anglії - vіdpovіdno 29.1 i 70.9%; in Nіmechchinі - 44.1 i 55.9%.

Protilezhnu picture schodo vitrat on aktivnі i pasivnі come in polіtiki zaynyatostі population sposterіgaєmo in Shvetsії that Іtalії de vіdpovіdnі spіvvіdnoshennya stanovlyat 67.6 i 32.4% that 51.6 i 48.4%.

Strategіya zaynyatostі population in Ukraїnі pov'yazuvatisya s Got Away rozvitkom i rozshirennyam Activity zahodіv for zapobіgannya bezrobіttyu.

Schodo rozmіru Relief from zv'yazku s bezrobіttyam then rekomendatsіyami MOS peredbacheno, scho Won Got stanoviti 60% serednoї zarobіtnoї pay. In skandinavskih kraїnah such dopomoga dosyagaє 50-70% serednoї zarobіtnoї pay for rіvnya bezrobіttya 0.5-1%. Urahovuyuchi duzhe nizky rіven serednoї zarobіtnoї pay in Ukraїnі can stverdzhuvati scho rozmіr Relief from zv'yazku s bezrobіttyam not Mauger Buti Mensch 50% serednoї zarobіtnoї pay (scho Got Location ninі in Ukraїnі) oskіlki not zabezpechuvatime mіnіmalnih fіzіologіchnih potreb Helsinki Human. Іnsha rіch, at scho tsomu slіd obmezhiti termіn nadannya Relief i zrobiti all mozhlive for pratsevlashtuvannya bezrobіtnogo. However situatsіya skladaєtsya such rank, scho vartіst sotsіalnogo Zahist population zrostaє and virobnitstvo zmenshuєtsya, scho not daє mozhlivostі fіnansuvati system sotsіalnogo Zahist for vstanovlenimi standards.

Rinkova infrastructure yavlyaє him sukupnіst іnstitutіv spriyannya zaynyatostі, proforієntatsії, profpіdgotovki i perepіdgotovki kadrіv. Vaughn yavlyaє him trammel tsentrіv zaynyatostі (bіrzh pratsі) tsentrіv pіdgotovki i perepіdgotovki robochoї Sealy toscho. Basic Elements іnfrastrukturi Rinku pratsі Je Derzhavna zaynyatostі service.

Service zaynyatostі in Ukraїnі vіdrazu formuvalasya yak tsentralіzovana Derzhavna system pravovіy osnovі Law «About population zaynyatіst" i on bazі widely rozgaluzhenoї derzhavnoї service pratsevlashtuvannya s vikoristannyam її materіalno tehnіchnoї-bazi, the system oblіku th warehouse personnel pratsіvnikіv. Kolishnya Service pratsevlashtuvannya perebudovuvalasya s urahuvannyam Formation pratsі market analysis. Pid hour stvorennya service zaynyatostі vrahovuvavsya svіtovy dosvіd i mіzhnarodnі norms. Її obov'yazki th right boule viznachenі statte 19 Law of Ukraine "About zaynyatіst population."

Fig. 2.2. Structure Service zaynyatostі in Ukraїnі

HEAD funktsіyami service zaynyatostі Je:

• analіz Rinku pratsі that іnformuvannya about yogo mill;
• the Labour poserednitstvo i spriyannya robotodavtsyam in zabezpechennі robochem power of companies and gromadyanam - in oderzhannі robots;
• regulyuvannya pratsі market analysis, yak yak zdіysnyuєtsya through the Labour poserednitstvo, so i through realіzatsіyu proforієntatsії program, and takozh spriyannya zaynyatostі;
• dopomoga bezrobіtnim, yak yak mіstit poperednі funktsії so i materіalnu pіdtrimku on perіod bezrobіttya;
• bezposerednya fate in realіzatsії derzhavnoї polіtiki zaynyatostі toscho.

In Ukraїnі funktsіonuyut takі centerand zaynyatostі: Reigning, Krymska respublіkansky, oblasnі, rayonnі that rayonnі in mіstah (Figure 2.2.).

Dosvіd rozvinenih kraїn svіdchit about those scho Service zaynyatostі uspіshnіshe dіє there, won de nalezhit derzhavі, pіdporyadkovana bodies Vladi, Got staff visokokvalіfіkovanih spetsіalіstіv s power zaynyatostі. Prote in the minds rinkovoї Economy neminuche vinikayut rіznі privatnі (nederzhavnі) Set spriyannya zaynyatostі.

Kontrolnі zapitannya that zavdannya

1. Shcho yavlyayutsya him trudovі resources?

2. SSMSC nalezhat category of the population to the Labour resursіv?

3. chomu polyagaє sutnіst ekonomіchno active population?

4. Describe Fazi processes vіdtvorennya robochoї Seeley.

5. chomu polyagaє sutnіst zaynyatostі population?

6. Shcho yavlyaє themselves productive zaynyatіst?

7. Yea SSMSC Vidi zaynyatostі?

8. SSMSC categories gromadyan nalezhat to zaynyatogo population?

9. Shcho Takeo bezrobіttya?

10. SSMSC Je Vidi bezrobіttya?

11. Give sotsіalno-ekonomіchnu otsіnku rіvnya bezrobіttya.

12. In chomu polyagaє Reigning regulyuvannya zaynyatostі population?

13. SSMSC come in regulyuvannya zaynyatostі active population?

14. SSMSC to come in nalezhat Passive?

15. Shcho yavlyayutsya him derzhavnі th regіonalnі prog spriyannya zaynyatostі?

16. Meta Rozkriyte prog zaynyatostі.

17. Rozkriyte sutnіst Sistemi organіv i zaynyatostі services?