home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 2. The law zrostannya potreb i sotsіalno-Ekonomichna efektivnіst virobnitstva

Odne s fundamental provisions ekonomіchnoї teorії polyagaє in fact scho materіalnі require suspіlstva Je bezmezhnimi and Econom-mіchnі resources neobhіdnі for scho Tsikh zadovolennya require Je-obmezhe them.

Bezmezhnіst potreb i obmezhenіst resursіv porodzhuyut dіyu dvoh zakonіv suspіlnogo rozvitku - law zrostannya potreb i ekonomії pratsі law. Tsі Zakoni vzaєmopov'yazanі that vіdbivayut Dvi Story zagalnoekonomіchnogo no law zrostannya sotsіalno-ekonomіchnoї efektivnostі. On rіvnі suspіlstva exposure The tsogo law viyavlyaєtsya in fact, scho in the minds bezmezhnostі potreb suspіlstvo scho pragne for-bezpechiti їh naypovnіshe zadovolennya, tobto maximum Nabli-zitisya to methylene, guilty pragnuti to vsebіchnoї ekonomії pratsі (yak zhivoї so i urechevlenoї) tobto to efektivnosti vikoristannya eco-nomіchnih resursіv, їh ratsіonalnogo poєdnannya that rozpodіlu mіzh virobnitstvom rіznih goods i on tsіy osnovі "- stvorennya minds for zadovolennya one potreb i prosuvannya to іnshih potreb bіlsh temple rіvnya, zadovolennya yakih have their Cherga, stvoryuє minds for prosuvannya up potreb slit vischogo rіvnya t i. e.

On іndivіdualnomu rіvnі exposure The law viyavlyaєtsya in fact, scho cutaneous Lyudin, zaіnteresovana, s one side, as far as Zadoff-lennі require zavzhdi namagaєtsya zberіgati their Prace - ratsіo-rata rozpodіliti її mіzh rіznimi views dіyalnostі, polegshiti, zrobiti efektivnіshoyu for Relief rіznih zasobіv pratsі, eco-at arm's length vikoristovuvati Objects pratsі and other s - zabezpechi-minute ratsіonalne obmezhennya require zhorstku chergovіst їh Zadoff-lennya, Poshuk nayefektivnіshih kombіnatsіy.

Law zrostannya potreb Je law suspіlnogo Progreso. Vіn harakterizuє not just zrostannya, tobto appeared all novih i novih required, and zmіnu structuring їh scho vіdbivaє prosuvannya Helsinki Human yak, so i suspіlstva in tsіlomu od bіologіchnogo (fіzіologіchnogo) to all bіlsh i bіlsh rіznobіchnogo, Bhagat Zhittya.

On prikladі ekonomіchno rozvinutih kraїn in the XX century. mozhna vidі lithium-three Etap rozvitku required.

Purshia Etap - up to the mid-50s rokіv, domіnuvali materіal-but-rechovі required. However, napriklad, the US vzhe in pershіy tretinі XX century. sposterіgavsya digit prirіst vіlnogo hour. In the 20 Ti Rocky robochem Tyzhden CCB zakonodavche obmezheny 40 Godin.

Other Etap pochavsya s mid-50s rokіv s transition to the "eco-nomіki spozhivannya" if formuyutsya takі sotsіalnі require yak pobutove obslugovuvannya, Osvita, medicine, sports, vіdpochinok, roses, crowbars that іn. In the US prikladі mozhna prostezhiti perehіd to type

spozhivannya de panuyut Hotel. Vzhe in the 20 Ti Rocky in strukturі oso-BIST spozhivannya 40 vіdsotkіv have become vitrati on Hotel, bіlshe vіdsotkіv 12 - for goods dovgostrokovogo spozhivannya. Chastka vitrat harchuvannya on the US 15 becomes vіdsotkіv (at Zahіdnіy Єvropі - 20 vіdsotkіv, Yaponії - 27 vіdsotkіv).

Dіyu law zrostannya potreb protyagom XX century. pіdtverdzhuє di namіka vartostі robochoї Seeley. In 1970, p. porіvnyano z 1910 r. Real-ny zmіst zarobіtnoї pay in the US i NGF zrіs bіlshe nіzh in 8 razіv have Velikobritanії that Frantsії - 3-4 Razi suttєvo viperedzhayuchi zrostannya vartostі postіynogo kapіtalu scho pripadaє per robіtnika.

Tretіy Etap rozvitku potreb Pocha formuvatis 80-Ti Rocky. Vіn complete fundamentalnі zrushennya in bіk gumanіtarnih is required, pov'yazanih s tvorchіstyu, spiritual rozvitkom osobistostі. Іntensivny rozvitok Tsikh potreb vimagaє yak zmіni pratsі nature, so i zrostannya trivalostі vіlnogo hour.

For danimi opituvannya 3/4 amerikantsіv ladnі vіdmovitisya od kupіvlі bіlshostі tovarіv on korist zadovolennya potreb Nemat-rіalnogo nature. Vid 14 to 42 vіdsotkіv usіh robіtnikіv i servi-bovtsіv vislovlyuyutsya for zbіlshennya vіlnogo hour navіt of Rahu-NOC zmenshennya zarobіtkіv.

In strukturі potreb vіdbuvayutsya takі printsipovі zmіni: perehіd od amіnuvannya ekonomіchnih take up to domіnuvannya sotsіalnih;

od zadovolennya elementarnih necessary - to take to zadovolennya osnovі іndivіdualіzovanogo virobnitstva; od rechovoї structuring spo-nance - to perevazhannya in nіy poslug, in addition chislі th poslug gumanіtarnogo character spryamovanih on rozvitok osobistostі.

Cutaneous CRIC rozvitku suspіlstva - tse odnochasno Zadoff-lennya be required for the new, bіlsh rіvnі temple. Suspіlstvo zavzhdi zhorstko obmezhene ekonomіchnimi resources on skin that etapі Svoge rozvitku vono visuvaє yak dvoєdinu Meta zadovolennya one Covo prіoritetnih sotsіalnih ekonomіchnih that require vidіlyayuchi for tsogo neobhіdnі Chastain sukupnogo fund robochem hour.

Ekonomіchnі tsіlі realіzuyutsya for rakhunok novoї dodatkovoї pratsі, stvoryuvanoї zrostannyam efektivnostі virobnitstva; sotsіalnі zooms-lenі rozshirennyam spozhivchih benefits vіlnogo hour, rozvitku lyudskoї osobistostі. The results can be Podvіyny taxes for formula

de E - otsіalno-Ekonomichna efektivnіst; Uc, Ue - cotsіalny that ekonomіchny efekt; T - suspіlny robochem hour.

Sotsіalno-Ekonomichna efektivnіst yavlyaє him spіvvіdnoshennya result i vitrat, Ale resulting product is not Yea and dosyagnuty rіven zadovolennya sotsіalnih that ekonomіchnih required. On zadovolen-nya Tsikh applicable (vklyuchayuchi Pratzen in sіm'ї, home gospodarstvі) vitrachayut whole hour yaky Yea, for sutі, suspіlnim robochem hour.

Zrostannya efektivnostі viyavlyaєtsya in maksimіzatsії sotsіalnogo that ekonomіchnogo efekta i mіnіmіzatsії robochem hour. Sotsіalny result znahodit virazhennya zabezpechennі maintained upstream from the drain tains-cha. Ekonomіchny efekt, dosyagnuty in Pevnyi tsiklі, polyagaє in fact, scho hour for skorochennya zadovolennya one potreb daє suspіlstvu ekonomіchny vigrash i mozhlivіst zadovolnyati INSHI, bіlsh visokі require vklyuchayuchi needful in vіlnomu chasі. Otzhe, stvoryuyutsya peredumovi for maybutnogo rozvitku.

Visoka efektivnіst virobnitstva daє zmogu zadovolnyati sotsі-alnі required when vitratah robochem hour scho postіyno znizhuyutsya. Butt efektivnosti spіvvіdnoshennya dihotomії "zrostannya is required - ekonomіya pratsі" in ekonomіchno rozvinutih kraїnah Je-proportional tsіya fondіv nagromadzhennya i spozhivannya (in the US - priblizno 1: 4).

Mehanіzm sotsіalno-ekonomіchnoї efektivnostі Rozvi Basics Je-ku, transition od Just before folding require od materіalnih to spiritually od ekonomіchnih to polіtichnih, otzhe to vsebіchno Rozwi-nenoї іndivіdualnostі. When tsomu vischі require povinnі rozglyada-tis yak bagatstvo suspіlstva smut, bunt chinnik yogo eco-nomіchnogo i sotsіalnogo Progreso. Superechnіst mіzh neobmezhenim zrostannyam sotsіalnih i ekonomіchnih potreb that obmezhenimi re-LAS dodatkovogo hour, yaky Mauger Buti spryamovany for Zadoya-free to їh in skin Pevnyi moment vistupaє rushіynoyu power sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rozvitku.