home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 2. This product i yogo vlastivostі

Goods - tse product pratsі, yaky Got Dvi vlastivostі: for au-Perche, zadovolnyaє Pevnyi Helsinki Human needful; Alternatively, zdatny obmіnyuva-tis good to INSHI in Pevnyi proportsіyah. Otzhe, Yomou vlastivі spo-zhivna vartіst i vartіst. Tovar Mauger Buti yak materіalne so i nematerіalne good, in fact chislі th Hotel.

Spozhivna vartіst product - tse yogo zdatnіst Helsinki Human zadovolnyati require. Napriklad, hlіb, m'yaso milk that INSHI produkti spozhivannya zadovolnyayut needful in їzhі; Costume, Platt - is required in odyazі; Verstat, naphtho-, gazoprovіd, virobnichі sporudi the-scho - needful in zasobah virobnitstva. Otzhe, materіalnі good i Hotel zadovolnyayut Ti chi yak INSHI require Objects NKVD spozhivannya abo yak zasobi virobnitstva.

Kіntsevoyu metoyu whether yakogo virobnitstva Je stvorennya Spozhiv-vartostey them. Yakscho not to take up uwagi Ti konkretnі ekonomіchnі forms, for yakih drain Pevnyi vistupayut produkti pratsі, the ba-gatstvo suspіlstva zavzhdi skladaєtsya іz spozhivnih vartostey. Spozhivna vartіst product etc. atsі bezposeredno not virazhaє sus-pіlnih vіdnosin, ale Got іstorichny character oskіlki її role that values ​​zmіnyuyutsya fallow od for Change in suspіlstvі. Yakscho benefit stvoryuєtsya virobnikom for spozhivannya NKVD, the vono Got spozhivnu vartіst virobnika for himself. Yakscho Well vnaslіdok sus-pіlnogo podіlu pratsі product (Hotel) priznachaєtsya for kogos іnshogo then vіn Je suspіlnoyu spozhivnoyu vartіstyu. In the minds commodity-tion virobnitstva spozhivna vartіst - tse zdatnіst product Zadoya-volnyati not require very virobnika and pokuptsіv.

Spetsifіchno іstorichny character spozhivnoї vartostі manifested-єtsya not deprivation in the fact scho Won Je materіalnoyu Basics obmіnu and second in the fact scho Won vіdbivaє stupіn suspіlnogo podіlu pratsі, yogo іstorichnu zrіlіst.

Spozhivna vartіst speeches їh korisnіst for people tіsno pov'yazanі s Progreso science i tehnіki, rozvitkom productive forces have tsіlo th. So, korisnіst zalіza became vіdomoyu deprivation todі, if people on-vchilisya viplavlyati yogo s Rudy vigotovlyati i s i Demba znaryaddya Objects pratsі. Naukova-tehnіchny progressive, zaprovadzhennya in virobnitstvo dosyagnen science i tehnіki rozkrivayut novі all we can-that is capable of livostі vikoristannya Natural i boxed materіalіv, їh novі korisnі vlastivostі. Prote zagalna Ekonomichna teorіya Viv-chaє deprivation role spozhivnoї vartostі in sistemі suspіlnih vіdnosin, SSMSC skladayutsya in protsesі virobnitstva, rozpodіlu, obmіnu i Spozhiv-vannya.

Suchasnyj's World spozhivnih vartostey Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rіznomanіtny. Yogo basis stanovlyat Flea NKVD i virobnichogo Spozhiv-vannya. Krіm of іsnuє rinok remіsnichih tovarіv. Perevazhnu їh Chastain stanovlyat virobi ruchnoї chi chastkovo іndustrіalnoї pratsі. Especially Je rinok raritetіv (rіdkostey). Tse, one s side, unі-kalnі naukovі vіdkrittya that konstruktorskі rozrobki and s friend of - a masterpiece Mistetstvo. Goods of the market analysis zbagachuyut virob-cultural nitstvo i estetichnimi tsіnnostyami that traditsіyami. All values ​​bіlshogo Sered sukupnostі spozhivnih vartostey nabuva-

yut rіznі Vidi Suchasnyj transport energії, Informácie, komp'yuter-tion zabezpechennya delivery energonosіїv toscho.

Vartіst on vіdmіnu od spozhivnoї vartostі not lezhit on in verhnі yavisch, to z'yasuvannya її nature yak Druha vlastivostі Tov to Mr. Je bіlsh folding. Form її Wink Je mіnova vartіst, tobto kіlkіsne spіvvіdnoshennya (proportsіya) Where Money Does odnі spozhivnі Var-tostі obmіnyuyutsya on INSHI. Tse spіvvіdnoshennya postіyno zmіnyuєt Xia fallow od Georeferencing th hour, scho stvoryuє vrazhennya vipadkovostі, vіdsutnostі vnutrіshnoї stіykoї Basics of mіnovoї vartostі. Naspravdі Well, yak bi is not vіdrіznyalis mіnovі vartostі one of th most tova-ru, stink zavzhdi toil schos zagalne. In nayrіznorіdnіshih goods spіlnoyu Yea one vlastivіst: stench - Products pratsі. Prirіvnyu-vannya rіznorіdnih tovarіv one to one peredbachaє obviously їh ob'єktivnu rіvnіst slit to obmіnu. Vnutrіshnіm zmіstom product Yea-Var tіst yak contribution to goods Prace - spіlne those scho znahodit Veera zhennya in mіnovomu spіvvіdnoshennі tovarіv. Same vartіst robit їh porіvnyannimi. Yak spozhivnі vartostі Flea yakіsno rozrіznyayutsya yak vartostі - toil spіlnu mіru.

Vartіst virazhaє vіdnosini mіzh tovarovirobnikami s drive porіvnyannya vitrat їh pratsі on virobnitstvo goods i poslug, yakimi obmіnyuyutsya stench.

Kіlkіsnі characteristics pratsі, vitrachenoї on the vigotovlennya-TVG, vtіlyuyutsya in velichinі vartostі product.

Rozrіznyayut іndivіdualnu suspіlne neobhіdnu i Praca-th vіdpo vіdno іndivіdualnu i suspіlnu vartіst product.

Tovarovirobniki dіyut in rіznih іndivіdualnih i natural klі-matichnih minds. Tom's virobnitstvo tovarіv one of the first direct-sa mind odnakovoї masi i odnakovoї of Quality vitrachaєtsya rіzna Quantity pratsі scho znahodit svoє vtіlennya in vitratah robochem hour. Zgіdno s CIM goods vtіlyuєtsya rіzna іndivіdualna Var-tіst. Robochem hour vitracheny on virobnitstvo product okremim virobnikom (pіdpriєmstvom) nazivaєtsya іndivіdualnim robochem hour and vartіst, target them - іndivіdualnoyu vartіstyu.

Prote Flea market analysis on odnakovoї spozhivnoї vartostі otsіnyuyut Xia pokuptsyami (spozhivachami) odnієyu mіroyu, yak s not zbіgaєtsya іndi-vіdualnim robochem hour. Oznachaє Tse, scho rinok in protsesі obmіnu vrahovuє deprivation suspіlnu vartіst. The value Її viznachaєtsya not іndi-vіdualnimi vitratami pratsі and suspіlna neobhіdnim robochem cha catfish, tobto note robochem hour, yaky viznachaєtsya nayavnimi sus-pіlne Normal minds virobnitstva at serednomu in game-specific perіodі i in danomu suspіlstvі rіvnі umіnnya th іnten-sivnostі pratsі tovarovirobnikіv. Suspіlne normalnі minds virobnitstva - tse tipovі, panuyuchі in particular suspіlstvі in Pevnyi hour.

Otzhe magnitude vartostі product digit mіroyu viznachaєtsya sus-pіlne neobhіdnimi vitratami pratsі th vimіryuєtsya suspіlne optionally-hіdnim robochem hour. The value ostannogo, yak usually zbіgaєtsya s іndivіdualnimi vitratami pratsі quiet tovarovirobnikіv, SSMSC took out-lyayut on rinok perevazhnu bіlshіst tovarіv one mind, i'll get up-to lyuєtsya stihіyno protsesі konkurentnoї Borotba. Takі Tovarov-robniki znahodyatsya in stanovischі maintained upstream, nіzh їh competitors wasps kіlki ostannі zaznayut vtrat on the bag realіzovanoї produktsії, pom-sheath on rіznitsyu suspіlnoї that іndivіdualnoї vartostі produktsії.

Suspіlne neobhіdny robochem hour i zumovlena him the value suspіlnoї vartostі not zalishayutsya nezmіnnimi i stale od pro-duktivnoї Sealy pratsі that її іntensivnostі. Productive force pratsі viznachaєtsya in its Cherga, rіvnem rozvitku science, natural zdіbnostyami, dosvіdom, culture i kvalіfіkatsієyu robіtnika, and ta-leather suspіlnoyu kombіnatsієyu virobnichogo processes that natural minds in yakih vіn vіdbuvaєtsya. The amount of product vartostі zmіnyu-єtsya directly proportsіyno kіlkostі i Auburn proportsіyno pro-duktivnіy silі pratsі.

Pid hour іntensivnіshoї pratsі odinitsya hour virazhaє bіlshu masu pratsі. Tse svіdchit about those scho itself sobі robochem hour not Mauger Dachi Povny uyavlennya about faktichnі vitrati pratsі. Tom at rіznіy іnten-sivnostі pratsі vіn not Mauger Buti bezumovnim mіrilom vartostі. Suspіlne neobhіdnі vitrati pratsі vimіryuyutsya robochem hour when deprivation її serednіy іntensivnostі.

Basic units for vimіryuvannya vartostі product Je vitrati prostoї pratsі (tobto without spetsіalnoї kvalіfіkatsії) posilnoї leather-Term healthy member suspіlstva on danomu etapі rozvitku. Folding Prace - kvalіfіkovana, Won vimagaє poperednoї pіdgotovki VJ robnika. Per unit skladnoї pratsі stvoryuєtsya bіlsha vartіst, nіzh per unit prostoї. Folding Prace zvoditsya to prostoї (re-duktsіya pratsі) through rinkovі vіdnosini.

In tsіlomu magnitude vartostі product digit mіroyu viznachaєtsya suspіlne neobhіdnimi vitratami pratsі and takozh yogo korisnіstyu.

In protsesі pratsі Lyudin stvoryuє spozhivnu vartіst i vartіst product. Tse viplivaє s podvіynoї Nature pratsі, yak stvoryuє goods. W one side, Won Got korisny zmіst i stvoryuє good Hotel that scho Ti Chi zadovolnyayut INSHI require people. Pevnyi korisna Prace Natural Je neobhіdnіstyu іsnuvannya people Square od-suspіl their minds. W other side, Prace skin tovarovirobnika Je-hour tinoyu vsієї suspіlnoї pratsі yak vitrati lyudskoї robochoї Sealy mutually-galі bezvіdnosno to її concrete forms. Purshia view - tse .kon-specific Prace, Other - Abstract Prace.

Konkretnіy pratsі vlastivі meta Pevnyi operatsіy character, pre-meth, zasobi i, nareshtі, results. Won in vitrachaєtsya dotsіlnіy,

korisnіy formі scho harakterizuє її s yakіsnogo one side. Con-specific Prace stvoryuє Pevnyi spozhivnu vartіst (hlіb, vugіllya, me-tal, budinki, obslugovuvannya toscho). Rozrіznennya spozhivnih Warth stey zumovlyuєtsya tim, scho stink Yea results yakіsno rіznih VJ dіv korisnoї pratsі (labor zusil hlіboroba, Shakhtar, metallurgist, budіvelnika, lіkarya, vchitelya that іn.). Same spetsifіchny character konkretnoї pratsі skin tovarovirobnika i porodzhuє її vіdmіn-nіst od pratsі іnshogo tovarovirobnika.

Other bіk pratsі - Prace vzagalі yak productive vitrata rose-movih zdіbnostey, Sealy muskulіv toscho bezvіdnosno to її korisnoї dotsіlnoї form. Vaughn harakterizuє nasampered kіlkіsno Prace, yak Dzherelo vartostі in commodity virobnitstvі.

On vsіh іstor ichnih Etap suspіlnogo rozvitku Prace vistupaє, s one side, yak korisna, dotsіlna and other s - yak vitrata fі-zichnih i rozumovih forces yak "Prace vzagalі". However, for the deprivation of minds commodity virobnitstva tsya podvіynіst nabuvaє Especially іstorich-these forms of yak i Praca concrete abstract. Yakscho Absent commodity virobnitstva, the Absent th s product yogo EYAD vlastivostyami i od-povіdno Absent abstraktnoї pratsі th porodzhuvanoї her vartostі. Abstract Prace, yak digit mіroyu stvoryuє vartіst, Je SPECIAL FORM fіchnoyu pratsі scho deprivation vlastiva commodity Gospodarstwa i vіdbivaє vіdnosini tovarovirobnikіv.

Process konkretnoї pratsі - tse sukupnіst ekonomіchnih yavisch, bezposeredno pov'yazanih s funktsіonuvannyam konkretnoї pratsі; pro-Cesis abstraktnoї pratsі - tse OAO All bezposeredno pov'yazanі s yavischa her. Before Perche nalezhat: processes stvorennya spozhivnoї vartostі product Where Money Does virіshalnu role vіdіgraє korisna form pratsі;

spozhivnoї vartostі product yak result funktsіonuvannya concrete-noї pratsі; Transferred staroї vartostі s zasobіv virobnitstva, zdіy snyuvane-specific Prace on again stvoryuvany goods. Before others - stvorennya vartostі product yak result funktsіonuvannya abstraktnoї pratsі; dodatkovogo product od Square yogo con-specific forms of "access in all Tsikh vipadkah just past deprivation pro nerozrivno pov'yazanі mіzh the Parties themselves ekonomіchnih yavisch commodity virob-nitstva, oskіlki processes konkretnoї pratsі not іsnuyut okremo od vіdpovіdnih protsesіv abstraktnoї pratsі and ostannі perebuvayut in organіchnomu star 's yazku Perche. Krіm of concrete Prace, GUSTs-ryuyuchi spozhivnu vartіst, vplivaє minutes on vartіst product. In its Cherga, Prace abstract, digit mіroyu stvoryuyuchi vartіst, vpli-vaє minutes on spozhivnu vartіst product.

Pid-vplivom NAUKOVO tehnіchnogo Progreso vіdbuvayutsya vazhlivі zmіni yak at konkretnіy, so i in abstraktnіy pratsі. In zv'yazku s rose-revolution novih vidіv virobnitstva i tehnologіy, vikoristannyam they nemehanіchnih forms Ruhu materії (napriklad, lazernoї toscho) z'yavlyaєtsya bagato novih profesіy (vidіv konkretnoї pratsі), Chima Star - vіdmiraє. Together s note suttєvo pіdvischuєtsya rіven kvalі-fіkatsії robochoї Seeley. Stosovno abstraktnoї pratsі nayvazhlivіshі zmі no-digit polyagayut in zbіlshennі іntensivnostі vitrat, nasamom-before rozumovih, psihіchnih, nervovih forces trudіvnikіv and takozh in zrostannі skladnostі vikonuvanoї pratsі them.

Yak bachimo s vikladenogo, obidvі vlastivostі tovaru- Spozhiv-on vartіst i vartіst - tіsno vzaєmopov'yazanі th vplivayut one into another. Tsya vzaєmopov'yazanіst znahodit svіy viyav in takіy oznatsі product, yak tsіnnіst. Vaughn viznachaєtsya, s one side, suspіlne neobhіdnimi vitratami on virobnitstvo product and s іnshogo - іndivі dual-spriynyattyam cutaneous pokuptsem spozhivnoї yogo vartostі. Zvіdsi kategorіya tsіnnostі poєdnuє in sobі ob'єktivne yak, so i sub'єk-tive product spriynyattya pokuptsem. Through qiu kategorіyu vіdbuva-єtsya poєdnannya rіznomanіtnih theoreticity pіdhodіv to viznachen-nya tsіni product yak trumpery virazhennya, nasampered yogo vartostі and takozh, spozhivnoї vartostі.

Vigotovlennya quiet chi іnshih tovarіv - special person right skin tovarovirobnika. Yogo concrete vistupaє Prace Prace bezposeredno yak is private. Vodnochase suspіlny podіl pratsі pov'yazuє mіzh him okremih tovarovirobnikіv - vlasnikіv znaryad, predmetіv i produktіv pratsі, SSMSC factuality pratsyuyut one-on-one. Tom їh Prace vistupaє th yak suspіlna Prace. In rezultatі vinikaє i Rozwi-vaєtsya superechnіst mіzh Private i suspіlnoyu Prace. The essence of її polyagaє in fact scho deprivation on market analysis, in protsesі obmіnu tovarіv rin i-kovoї konkurentsії, viyavlyaєtsya suspіlny character vtіlenoї them pratsі, zalezhnіst uchasnikіv obmіnu one od one. In the market analysis od-buvaєtsya processes suspіlnogo oblіku pratsі.