Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 2. Land rent

Land rent yak Ekonomichna kategorіya virazhaє vіdnosini at-vlasnennya dodatkovogo product vlasnikom zemlі formі at Orenda-noї pay for the right to land koristuvannya. Anti-Rent no totozhna orendnіy platі. Krіm Renty yak pay for the land koristuvannya oren-

bottom board mіstit vіdsotok on vkladeny at ground kapіtal and takozh amortizatsіyu tsogo kapіtalu. In Visoko orendnih rates Vlas-nick zemlі Mauger privlasnyuvati Chastain serednogo pributku sіls-kogospodarskogo pіdpriєmtsya.

Land rent fee Yea i orendna zagalnoyu ekonomіchnoyu Ba-howl whether yakogo suspіlstva. Spochatku ground rent vinikla i have rozvivalasya formі traditsіynoї zemelnoї rent. Viniknennya pid-priєmnitskih virobnichih vіdnosin іsnuvannya minds became sous-chasnoї zemelnoї rent. Prote ground rent zavzhdi Je-ekonomіch Noah realіzatsії vlasnostі the basis of the ground. Tse income without pov'yaza-ny s pіdpriєmnitskoyu dіyalnіstyu; tse Chastina dodatkovogo pro-products, yaky stvoryuєtsya sіlskogospodarskimi virobnikami scho gospodaryuyut on zemlі.

Yak has zaznachalosya in sіlskomu gospodarstvі in protsesі virob-nitstva take fate prirodnі processes i bіologіchnі factors. In zv'yaz-ku s CIM in sіlskomu gospodarstvі krіm suspіlnih faktorіv slіd rozrіznyati takі prirodnі factors yak klіmatichnі minds hіmіchny i ​​mehanіchny warehouse zemlі, bіologіchnі INSHI that moment. Fallow od Tsikh faktorіv one second that she Quantity i yakіst pratsі Mauger Buti represented bіlshіy abo menshіy kіlkostі produktіv, spozhivnih vartostey.

Yakoyu not great b bula role of natural faktorіv, sіlskogos-podarsky product stvoryuєtsya Prace people. Tom provіdna role in rozvitku sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva zavzhdi nalezhit ekonomіchnim factors. Tse Got the provisions Especially values ​​for z'yasuvannya rental vіdnosin in sіlskomu gospodarstvі.

Square od FORMS vlasnostі the ground utvoryuєtsya dife-rentsіyna rent. The cause її Je monopolіya yak on the ground ob'єkt gospodaryuvannya. Viniknennya tsієї monopolії oznachaє іsnuvannya Bi-dosoblenih virobnikіv in sistemі inventory penny vіdnosin and takozh svoєrіdny synthesis іsnuyuchih Natural i ekonomіchnih minds for utvorennya diferentsіynoї rent.

Perche Natural minds іsnuvannya diferentsіynoї Renty Je vіdmіnnostі in prirodnіy rodyuchostі zemlі and takozh mіstseznahodzhen-nya land dіlyanok vіdnoshennyu according to market analysis (mіsts realіzatsії produktsії). Rozvitok science i tehnіki, wider vikoristannya їh to-syagnen in sіlskomu gospodarstvі vplivayut on tsі vіdmіnnostі against povnіstyu usunuti їh nemozhlivo.

Gospodarstwa, rozmіschenі on lands maintained upstream, stvoryuyut dodatko-tions of net income. Tsogo ostannogo pozbavlenі Gospodarstwa scho znahodyatsya on gіrshih lands. Yakbi oderzhuvali stench yogo, the mo-nopolіya on the ground Yak ob'єkt gospodaryuvannya znikla b.

Other natural minds utvorennya diferentsіynoї Renty Je obmezhenіst zemlі. Land in prostorі obmezhena, slit obmezhenіshі Krashchi for rodyuchіstyu zemlі. Produkciya scho viroblyaєtsya i serednіh maintained upstream on lands not Mauger zadovolniti suspіlstva require, in addition gospodarsky turnover zaluchayutsya takozh dіlyanki zemlі, vіdnos-but gіrshі for rodyuchіstyu i mіstseznahodzhennyam.

Gospodarstwa, SSMSC vikoristovuyut Krashchi zemlі, toil bіlshe produktsії s odinitsі zemelnoї ploschі that oderzhuyut dodatkovy pro product, yaky Je materіalnoyu diferentsіynoї the basis of the rent.

Neobhіdnoyu ekonomіchnoyu minds peretvorennya tsogo dodatkovo the first product in diferentsіynu rent Je nayavnіst inventory penny vіdnosin i osoblivostі dії law vartostі in sіlskomu gospodarstvі. Tsya osoblivіst polyagaє in fact scho suspіlna vartіst sіlskogos-podarskih produktіv viznachaєtsya serednіmi vitratami suspіlne neobhіdnoї pratsі in Gospodarstwa scho roztashovanі on gіrshih for rodyuchіstyu i mіstseznahodzhennyam lands at serednomu rіvnі orga-nіzatsії virobnitstva. Gospodarstwa, SSMSC roztashovanі maintained upstream on that serednіh lands toil nizhchu іndivіdualnu vartіst sіlskogos-podarskoї produktsії against realіzuyut її for tsіnami, SSMSC viznacha-yutsya vartіstyu on gіrshih lands. Tse daє mozhlivіst oderzhuvati dodatkovy net income yaky utvoryuєtsya Ponad serednіy Num-rd income.

r

Slіd rozrіznyati Dvi FORMS diferentsіynoї Rent - Persha i friend. Persha diferentsіyna rent Je dodatkovim net income yaky oderzhuyut in rezultatі produktivnіshoї pratsі on rodyu maintained upstream of the i-chіstyu mіstseznahodzhennyam lands.

Another diferentsіyna rent vinikaє in rezultatі pіdvischennya produktivnostі zemlі on osnovі vikoristannya efektivnіshih CJSIC-bіv virobnitstva, tobto dodatkovih vkladen from the ground. Qiu rent oderzhuyut not OAO All Gospodarstwa and deprivation Ti, SSMSC zaymayutsya іntensi-fіkatsієyu for spriyatlivіshih minds virobnitstva (tobto vikoristovu-yut Krashchi zemlі). Gospodarstwa, SSMSC zdіysnyuyut dodatkovі vkladennya on gіrshih lands oderzhuyut no other rent-a-ski ratsіonalіzators income.

Shcho Je spіlnogo for pershoї that Druha diferentsіynoї Renty? According au-Perche, the reason utvorennya - monopolіya yak on the ground ob'єkt gospodaryuvannya.

In another way, the basis viniknennya - vіdmіnnostі in rodyuchostі zemlі. Vzaєmozv'yazok diferentsіynoї pershoї i Druha polyagaє rents in fact, scho stink zasnovanі on vikoristannі rodyuchostі land. Tіlki per-sha rent pov'yazana s natural, and the other - s ekonomіchnoyu rodyu-chіstyu gruntіv. Another diferentsіyna rent harakterizuє іntensiv-ny rozvitok sіlskogo Gospodarstwa.

In Suchasnyj minds pіdvischennya popitu on sіlskogospodarsku sirovinu vinikaє neobhіdnіst osvoєnnya novih land s nizkoyu rodyuchіstyu. In that hour samy obmezhenіst zemlі and takozh prisko-

rennya NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso in sіlskomu gospodarstvі Dhu movlyuyut deyake znizhennya rolі prirodnoї rodyuchostі.

Wide vikoristannya suchasnoї tehnіki i tehnologії stiraє rіz-nitsyu in efektivnostі rіvnovelikih vitrat kapіtalu on rіznih for rodyuchіstyu land scho spriyaє zmenshennyu Druha diferentsіynoї rent. Parallel dіyut factors SSMSC spriyayut zbіlshennyu її and sama rіznitsya stage vikoristannya іntensivnih faktorіv in rіznih Gospodarstwa zberіgaєtsya, and deyakih vipadkah i posilyuєtsya.

So rank, diferentsіyna rent - tse for svoєyu sutnіstyu not scho Lots Other, yak dodatkovy Prybutok, yaky otrimuyut at whether yakіy sferі Promyslova virobnitstva on whether yaky kapіtal, scho minds in funktsіonuє vische serednіh. In sіlskomu, gospodarstvі vіn Je bіlsh-Mensch postіynim, oskіlki gruntuєtsya on rіznіy rodyuchostі rіznih the category-rіy zemlі.

In kraїnah de panuє vlasnіst is private to the ground i dіє mіzhgaluze Islands konkurentsіya, іsnuє slit th absolute rent, yak utvoryuєtsya on vsіh vikoristanih lands in addition to chislі gіrshih. The cause її Je monopolіya vlasnіst to privacy on the ground, yak zakrіplyuє Visoko rate pributku in sіlskomu gospodarstvі Ponad serednyu rate pributku. Otzhe, absolute rent - tse nadlishok vartostі sіls-kogospodarskogo product on yogo tsіnoyu virobnitstva.

Visoka rate pributku in sіlskomu gospodarstvі Mauger target-vatisya vnaslіdok іsnuvannya number faktorіv: nizkoї organіchnoї Budova kapіtalu, vikoristannya deshevshoї robochoї Sealy, bіlsh Shvidky about a company-koshtіv, ekonomії on postіynomu kapіtalі that іn. Meaning Tsikh faktorіv in kozhnіy kraїnі neodnakove i zmіnyuєtsya whole hour. So, rozvinutih kraїnah rіven organіchnoї Budova kapіtalu in sіlskomu gospodarstvі vzhe pіdnyavsya to rіvnya promislovostі. Tom tsya Umov for stvorennya absolyutnoї Renty vіdpala against reason viniknennya absolyutnoї Rent - monopolіya privatnoї vlasnostі on the ground - zalishaєtsya. Axis chomu slіd borrow up to uwagi, scho shaping can іsnuvati i dіyati INSHI factorization utvorennya visokoї normalized pributku in sіlskomu gospodarstvі and monopolіya privatnoї vlasnostі the ground deprivation Zack rіplyuє qiu Visoko rate pributku i primushuє realіzovuvati sіlskogospodarsku produktsіyu for її vartіstyu, yak Vishcha for tsіnu vie -robnitstva.

Otzhe, absolute rent porodzhuє not nizka Budova a farmer-skogo kapіtalu and monopolіya privatnoї vlasnostі on the ground, not yak daє mozhlivostі konkurentsії virіvnyati Prybutok s nizkopobudova-tion kapіtalu.

In praktitsі Suchasnyj rozvinutih kraїn pіdvischennya organіchnoї Budova kapіtalu in zemlerobstvі zumovlyuє zmenshennya absolyutnoї Renty against zrostannya zagalnogo rozmіru funktsіonuyuchogo kapі-Tala spriyaє zbіlshennyu її.

Private vlasnіst on earth i neobhіdnіst viplati rents OAO All vikoristanі zemlі mozhut prizvesti peretvorennya absolyutnoї to rent in the monopoly, if Cena on sіlskogospodarsku produktsіyu Vishcha for її vartіst.

Rentnі Income rozpodіlyayutsya mіzh vlasnikom zemlі that її orenda-rem abo mіzh powers timey i hto koristuєtsya earth.

Vikoristannya zemlі in Ukraїnі Je paid. Vlasniki zemlі that zem-lekoristuvachі schorіchno paying a fee for the land in the land viglyadі th podatku abo orendnoї pay, scho viznachaєtsya fallow od of Quality that mіstseznahodzhennya zemelnoї dіlyanki (s vihodyachi kadastrovoї otsіnki land). In the land podatku i orendnіy platі mіstitsya Chastina rental income. Yakscho yogo oderzhuє vlasnik zemlі, the rental income from the rent peretvoryuєtsya.

Rozmіr orendnoї orendarevі vstanovlyuyut pay for a hundred lands, rіn. In rezultatі pіdvischennya produktivnostі zemlі on osnovі Vico ristannya efektivnіshih zasobіv virobnitstva nadlishkovy income zbіlshuєtsya. Before zakіnchennya line contract vіn nadhodit Oren-daryam viglyadі in rental income. With the new contract ukladennі vіn Mauger Buti zarahovany in orendnu fee nadhoditi i vzhe Vlas-nick zemlі. W metoyu stimulyuvannya іntensifіkatsії sіlskogo state-podarstva dotsіlno optimally zdіysnyuvati rozpodіl rental to-go Druha diferentsіynoї Renty mіzh vlasnikom zemlі i orendarem. Ostannіy guilty Buti zaіnteresovany in dodatkovih vkladennyah from the ground, and tse vimagaє zalishennya from Demba pevnoї Chastain rental income.

Procedure opodatkuvannya i serednі rate of land that podatku granichnі rozmіri orendnoї pay for the land vstanovlyuє Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

Rental income, scho mіstitsya in payments for land, nadhodit to byudzhetіv sіlskih, selischnih, mіskih Glad folk deputatіv on teritorії yakih znahodyatsya zemelnі dіlyanki. Chastina koshtіv od pay for the land at the state-sponsored tsentralіzuєtsya i oblasne budgets.

Vid pay for the land, and otzhe, i viluchennya rental income zvіl-nyayutsya zapovіdniki, natsіonalnі that dendrologіchnі parks botanіchnі Sadi, reserves (krіm Myslyvskyi) doslіdnі Gospodarstwa science-in-SET i doslіdnih The Teaching zakladіv sіlskogospodarskogo profіlyu that іn.

Novostvorenі selyanskі (fermerskі) Gospodarstwa zvіlnyayutsya od pay for the land (and otzhe, i od viluchennya rental income) versus-d troh rokіv h hour peredachі in їh vlasnіst abo nadannya in Coris-Tuwani zemelnoї dіlyanki.

Rental income, yak usually vikoristovuєtsya on fіnansuvannya zahodіv schodo ratsіonalnogo vikoristannya that receptionists land pid-vischennya rodyuchostі gruntіv, vikonannya robіt іz zemleustroyu, Great

dennya land cadastre; vіdshkoduvannya vitrat vlasnikam zemlі that zemlekoristuvacham, pov'yazanih s gospodaryuvannyam on land gіrshoї of Quality; ekonomіchnogo stimulyuvannya vlasnikіv zemlі that zem-lekoristuvachіv have to chislі th orendarіv.

W rents pov'yazana Cena zemlі. Vaughn viznachaєtsya yak kapіtalіzo Wang rents tobto penny kapіtal scho yogo zabezpechuє Vlasnyi-kovі that samy income ale at formі not rent, and sumi vіdsotka on vkladennya at the bank. Tsіnu zemlі rozrahovuyut of formula

Formula tsіni zemlі

de R - rent; S - norm pozikovogo vіdsotka.

Zvіdsi Cena od on earth deposits rozmіru zemelnoї Renty i pozikovogo vіdsotka.

Naukova-tehnіchny progressive i pіdvischennya іntensivnostі sіlskogo Gospodarstwa zumovlyuyut neobhіdnіst dodatkovih vkladen at zem-lerobstvo, scho, prizvelo to Zrostannya diferentsіynoї Renty i vіdpovіdno zrostannya tsіn to the ground.