home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 3. Regulyuvannya svіtovih gospodarskih zv'yazkіv

Uskladnennya mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo Zhittya that rozvitok yogo superechnostey zakonomіrno zumovlyuyut ob'єktivnu neobhіdnіst regulyuvannya svіtovih gospodarskih zv'yazkіv. Main sub'єktom regulyuvannya їh Je power. Napratsovuєtsya system mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo regulyuvannya on regіonalnomu that global rіv-els. Before Perche nalezhat takі structuring regіonalnih ekonomіch-ob'єdnan them, yak ЄS Zone vіlnoї torgіvlі in Pіvnіchnіy Ameritsі, A5EAN that bagato іnshih. Other rіven stanovlyat peredusіm Num-lennі ekonomіchnі organіzatsії that place the 00H.

MEB vtіlyuyutsya in Zhittya nasampered for Relief vіdpovіdnoї zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki powers, scho Yea not tіlki mainly sub'єktom and second base rіvnem regulyuvannya svіtovih gospodarskih zv'yazkіv. Іstorichno s rozvitkom rinkovoї Sistemi sklalisya two wasps mainly rіznovidi zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki Country: frіtre-derstvo (od English free trade - Vilna torgіvlya.) That protektsіonіzm (od lat protectio - Zahist, protection.). In Suchasnyj svіtі

widely zastosovuєtsya poєdnannya oboh Tsikh napryamіv zovnіshno-ekonomіchnoї polіtiki.

frіtrederstvo polyagaє in provedennі lіberalіzatsії zovnіshnoї torgіvlі that іnshih zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv Kraina at mіnіmalnomu vtruchannі powers in privatnopіdpriєmnitsku dіyal-nіst. Polіtika frіtrederstva originated in Anglії in ostannіy tre-tinі XVIII century. i rozgornulasya pershіy polovinі in the XIX century. Won bula pov'yazana s Promyslova coup zavdyaki Money Does Anglіya became "Maisternia svitu". Krajina for such minds have been viewed zatsіkavlena znyattі perepon, nasampered in viglyadі temple mit on the high road imported anglіyskih tovarіv in INSHI Kraina, znizhuyuchi in its Cherga, bar'є-ri on the high road of imported grain that Pevnyi vidіv sirovini on svіy ri-NOC ( vіdomі "hlіbnі Act"). Cheap hlіb slit bіlshe pіdvischuvav konkurentospromozhnіst anglіyskih Promyslova tovarіv the call-nіshnіh Rink, oskіlki vіv to znizhennya vartostі robochoї Sealy in kraїnі.

Elements frіtrederstva zaprovadzhuvalis in okremі perіodi in Frantsії, Russie that іnshih kraїnah. However trivaly hour tsya polіtika not small wide zastosuvannya, oskіlki Kraina boule rozgorodzhenі ekonomіko-polіtichnimi bar'єrami. Tіlki pіslya Druha svіtovoї vіy no-Won postupovo nabiraє Sealy in kraїnah rinkovoї Sistemi svіto-voї Economy. Sogodnі fun- frіtrederstva zdіysnyuyutsya within regіonalnih ekonomіchnih іntegratsіynih ob'єdnan (ЄS, NAFTA, ASEAN toscho) that have svіtovomu gospodarstvі in tsіlomu through GATT COT. Rozvinenі Kraina through GATT COT namagayutsya Vico ristati svoї perevagi in konkurentnіy borotbі, vіdkriti for yourself markets Agricultural Art іnshih kraїn that zabezpechiti bіlsh nizkі tsіni on svoїh rin-kah at sirovinu i napіvfabrikati.

Protektsіonіzm - zovnіshnoekonomіchna polіtika powers, scho spryamovana on pіdtrimku rozvitku natsіonalnoї Economy i-zdіy snyuєtsya for Relief ekonomіko-polіtichnih bar'єrіv, SSMSC Zahi-schayut vnutrіshnіy rinok od Pevnyi іnozemnih tovarіv (vіdpovіdnі analogues natsіonalnogo virobnitstva, nekontrolovany vvіz іno-terrestrial kapіtalіv toscho) . When tsomu іnstrumentarієm zovnіshnoeko-nomіchnoї polіtiki powers Je: Mito, kіlkіsnі obmezhennya i zaborona іmportu Pevnyi tovarіv, pіdtrimka through stimulyuvannya natsіonal-tion eksportu, currency regulyuvannya toscho. For protektsіonіzmu characteristic fіnansove zaohochennya natsіonalnoї Economy for roses-round konkurentospromozhnogo virobnitstva i ekonomіchnogo zros-tannya. Tse_zabezpechuє rozvitok natsіonalnih virobnitstv, SSMSC not slit dosit konkurentospromozhnі, ale Koncha neobhіdnі for rozshire-tion vіdtvorennya i makroekonomіchnogo zrostannya scho lead to zbіlshennya dohodіv population іnvestuvannya in natsіonalnu Ekon-mіku, suspіlnogo bagatstva Dobrobut i.

Іstorichno protektsіonіzm Svoge hour widely vikoristovuvavsya Frantsієyu, Rosієyu, Nіmechchinoyu, the US is the bagatma іnshimi Krajina-mi for receptionists vnutrіshnogo market analysis od bіlsh rozvinenoї PROMIS-lovostі Anglії. Before other svіtovoyu vіynoyu Zittau vikoris-tovuvala polіtiku protektsіonіzmu for naroschuvannya natsіonalnogo ekonomіchnogo potentsіalu. Pіslya vіyni US spirayuchis its mogutnіst, zastosovuvali polіtiku protektsіonіzmu schodo vnutrіshno second market analysis at provedennі polіtiki frіtrederstva schodo zovnіshnіh rinkіv. In Suchasnyj minds protektsіonіzm zastosovuєtsya perіodich-but vіdnosinah mіzh provіdnimi centers svіtovoї Economy (US ЄS, Yaponіya) and kraїnami takozh, scho rozvivayutsya.

Naybіlsh optimally zovnіshnoekonomіchnoyu polіtikoyu for Ukraine ninі Je poєdnannya frіtrederstva s protektsіonіzmom. Frіt-rederstvo dotsіlne in Galuzo, schodo yakih Krajina zatsіkavlena in Shih rokomu dostupі on vnutrіshnіy rinok novіtnіh tehnologіy, ENERGO-nosіїv toscho. Protektsіonіzm ekonomіchno efektivnosti for Zahist prіoritetnih natsіonalnih virobnitstv (grain, Zukor, konditerskі virobi, metal, vugіllya, pevnі Vidi ship-that lіtakobuduvannya, Oak remі Vidi novіtnoї tehnіki i tehnologії, kosmіchna promislovіst toscho).

Mіzhnarodnimi forms regulyuvannya ekonomіchnoї polіtiki schodo svіtovih gospodarskih zv'yazkіv Je: schorіchnі zustrіchі kerіvni-kіv provіdnih powers rozvinenoї rinkovoї s Economy truncated bіl-shim zaluchennyam ostannіm hour kerіvnikіv іnshih kraїn; Come mіzhnarodnih ekonomіchnih organіzatsіy; robot "Troїstoї komіsії";

schorіchnі dіlovі zustrіchі kerіvnikіv bagatoh powers that provіdnih fіnansistіv svitu in Davosі; TNK vikoristannya structures that іn.

Mіzhnarodne regulyuvannya ekonomіchnih protsesіv tієyu chi іnshoyu mіroyu ohoplyuє OAO All spherical vіdtvorennya processes. However Yakscho sphere Mr. virobnitstva regulyuєtsya perevazhno within the TNC, then osobli-Vågå rozvitku in sferі obіgu nabuvaє mіzhnarodne regulyuvannya sama on regіonalnomu rіvnі yak result trivalogo dosvіdu rozrob-ki minds torgіvlі on regіonalnomu and potіm i on svіtovomu Rink (GATT COT) .

Metoyu mіzhnarodnogo regulyuvannya Je pіdvischennya efektivnostі Economy vіlnogo pіdpriєmnitstva, dosyagnennya temple tempіv ekonomіchnogo zrostannya in svіtovomu gospodarstvі. About vtruchannya in gospodarsku dіyalnіst fіrm mova not yde. Ekonomіchnі Interests Rinku sub'єktіv boule i zalishayutsya obmezhuvachem zovnіshnogo vpli-woo on rinkovі mehanіzmi. Yakscho mіzhnarodne regulyuvannya not zbіga-єtsya s ekonomіchnimi іnteresami sub'єktіv rinkovih vіdnosin, the stench (sub'єkti) unlikely Chi will vikonuvati uzgodzhenі rules gris i meta regulyuvannya nedosyazhnoyu camp. As part of their mіzhderzhav-regіonalnih ekonomіchnih ob'єdnan not absolyutizuєtsya nd itself

іdeya koordinatsії Act reasonably, oskіlki whether yak Krajina not to porivaєtsya neї, Yakscho konkurentospromozhnіst tovarіv viznachaєtsya nezalezh-but povedіnkoyu sub'єktіv market analysis. Vlasnyi addition to praktitsі uzgodzhen-nya pozitsіy dosyagaєtsya on osnovі poєdnannya zagalnih i Especially іnteresіv i tsіley uchasnikіv, yak usually by ne-napoleglivogo rekonannya scho spiraєtsya on ekonomіchnі arguments.

Vzaєmozv'yazok sotsіalno-ekonomіchnoї that organіzatsіyno-ekonomіch-noї structures Suchasnyj svіtovogo Gospodarstwa ob'єktivno zooms-lyuє needful in rozshirennі masshtabіv i funktsіy mіzhnarodnogo regu-lyuvannya, obmіnu dosvіdom. Main directly tsogo regulyuvannya Je away lіberalіzatsіya torgіvlі, koordinatsіya Act reasonably schodo TNK-virob lennya zagalnih minds torgіvlі sirovinoyu she prepares virobami, rozv'yazannya power zaynyatostі, іnflyatsії, currency kursіv i, vreshtі-Rasht, garmonіzatsіya natsіonalnih ekonomіchnih polіtik, and prospects Bi - virіvnyuvannya tehnіko-ekonomіchnih pokaznikіv rozvitku Dean mіchnih ekonomіchnih of systems i pіdtyaguvannya to them іnertnih systems.