home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 4. Platіzhny balance yak vіdobrazhennya ekonomіchnogo will Kraina

MEB znahodyat in aggregate virazhennі in platіzhnomu balansі Where Money Does vmіscheno sistematizovanі danі about OAO All ekonomіchnі operatsії odnієї Kraina s іnshimi for Pevnyi perіod hour (yak rule, Year). Platіzhny balance yavlyaє him spіvvіdnoshennya factuality board-zhіv, otrimanih danoyu kraїnoyu od i mіzhnarod іnozemnih powers-that they ekonomіchnih organіzatsіy zdіysnenih her for them.

On vіdmіnu od platіzhnogo balance rozrahunkovy balance - tse spіvvіdnoshennya vimog i zobov'yazan danoї Kraina іnozemnim-holding you i mіzhnarodnim ekonomіchnim organіzatsіyam Pevnyi to date (in-stock, per Year). Rozrahunkovy balance vіdrіznyaєtsya od platіzhno th tim, scho in Demba incoming deprivation is not factual zdіysnenі nadho Jen-i platezhі and second nepogashenі vimogi i zobov'yazannya. Platіzhnі balance scho publіkuyutsya IMF Je sukupnіstyu elementіv platіzhno th i rozrahunkovogo balansіv.

Otzhe, platіzhny balance - balance tse platezhіv pevnіy kraїnі od іnshih kraїn i mіzhnarodnih ekonomіchnih organіzatsіy that platezhіv pershoї ostannіm. Vіn Mauger Buti Active Passive chi, chi tobto mother positively vіd'єmne balance (od lat saldo -. Rozrahunok, Zali-shock) yak rіznitsyu mіzh sumoyu vimog that zobov'yazan Kraina. Posy tive balance oznachaє perevischennya usіh nadhodzhen in Dana kraїnu over її payments іnshim kraїnam i mіzhnarodnim ekonomіch-organіzatsіyam him, vіd'єmne - perevischennya platezhіv danoї Kraina over її nadhodzhennyami s іnshih kraїn i mіzhnarodnih Ekon-mіchnih organіzatsіy.

Main mіzhnarodnimi ekonomіchnimi operatsіyami scho systems matizuyutsya in platіzhnomu balansі Kraina, Yea: ruh tovarіv, poslug, vіdsotkіv i divіdendіv, Dari, іnvestitsії, currency supply, Zolo ruh-ta. Cutaneous operatsіya zbіlshuє abo zobov'yazannya h of cordon swim-Titi, scho yak zapisuyutsya credit (napriklad, eksport tovarіv that poslug, pritіk kapіtalu toscho) abo zovnіshnі vimogi on oplatі, scho yak zapisuyutsya debit (napriklad, іmport tovarіv i poslug, vivіz kapіtalu toscho). Cutaneous Credit wiring in platіzhnomu balansі odnієї Kraina automatic and zapisuєtsya on debіtu platіzhnogo Bala Su іnshoї Kraina.

Main priznachennya platіzhnogo balance polyagaє in fact dwellers in stislomu viglyadі Show danoї Kraina camp MEB: Vіn Je іndikato rum for groshovoї, valyutnoї, podatkovoї that іnshoї polіtiki Uryadov.

Platіzhnі balance vklyuchayut three osnovnі Chastain:

1. Torgovelny balance - spіvvіdnoshennya eksportu іmportu tovarіv i, s yakih platezhі factuality zdіysnenі abo toil Buti indulgence but pogashenі.

2. Balance poslug i nekomertsіynih platezhіv - nadhodzhennya i pla-tezhі Transport, strahuvannyu, Poshtova telegraph-i TV fonnomu zv'yazku, komіsіynih operatsіyah, tourism, cultural about-mіnu, nekomertsіynih perekazah (zarobіtna board spadschina, sti-pendії , pensії toscho) on utrimannyu torgovelnih i diplomatically predstavnitstv, vіdsotki i divіdendi s kapіtalovkladen, platezhі for lіtsenzії, tehnіchnu Relief, fees, vіyskovі vitrati for Cordes-rated toscho. Mіzhnarodna statistics ob'єdnuє tsі stattі platіzhnogo balance in ponyattya "nevidimі operatsії". Obsyag Tsikh operatsіy in rose-Wienen kraїnah reach half nadhodzhen stream platіzhnogo balance, yaky ohoplyuє torgovelny balance, balance poslug i nekomertsіynih platezhіv.

3. Balance Ruhu kapіtalіv i kreditіv - sailed іnozemnih іnves-titsіy i pozichok in kraїnu that nadannya їh іnshim kraїnam. Tsey balance Got Especially value oskіlki vivіz kapіtalu, mіzhnarodna іnves-titsіyna dіyalnіst Je odnієyu s basically i nayvazhlivіshih forms MEB in the minds, if the won began to perehіdnoyu strategіchnih їh forms. In tsіy chastinі platіzhnogo balance іsnuє statte "Pomilki that Propus-ki", yak іnkoli dosyagaє digit values.

Balance mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv zaymayut vazhlive Location in sistemі aggregate ekonomіchnih pokaznikіv. When viznachennі GNP natsіonalnogo income vrahovuyut net balance mіzhnarodnih vimog i zobov'yazan Kraina. In platіzhnomu balansі Kraina virazhayutsya glibinnі processes scho vіdbuvayutsya in ekonomіtsі tsієї Kraina yak, so i svіtovіy. In yogo mill vplivaє number chinnikіv: nerіvnomіrnіst roses-round okremih kraїn, regіonіv, pіdsistem svіtovogo Gospodarstwa;

tsiklіchnі Oscillations Economy; іnflyatsіya; strukturnі Creasy; zmіni in

Minds mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі; Monetary crisis that Oscillations currency-kursіv them; rozshirennya masshtabіv Ruhu kapіtalіv; zrostannya for Cordón Reigning vitrat, in addition to chislі vіyskovі tsіlі.

Folding Problems platіzhnih balansіv Je їh defіtsit (vіd'єmne balance) s precisely operatsіy in bagatoh kraїnah svitu s rіznih pid systems svіtovogo Gospodarstwa. Especially GOSTR tsya problem for Je bіlshostі kraїn scho rozvivayutsya that rolling up rinkovoї Economy. For lіkvіdatsії nezbalansovanostі platіzhnogo balance zdіysnyuyut pevnі come in.

Traditsіyno to repay the balance defіtsitu platіzhnogo Vico ristovuyut іnozemnі loans that vvіz kapіtalu. Prote tse method of team-hour balansuvannya, oskіlki Zgoda neobhіdno viplachuvati yak i vіdsotki divіdendi, so i the bag Borg. Napriklad, zovnіshnі kraїn Borg, scho rozvivayutsya, rozvinenim kraїnam syagnuli 2 trillion dollars. USA. The method urіvnovazhennya platіzhnogo balance sluguє Vico ristannya ofіtsіynih gold and foreign rezervіv Kraina, Yakscho Won їh Got in neobhіdnomu obsyazі. Nadzvychaina sytuatsia Jerel repayment pas sive balance platіzhnogo balance Mauger Buti in okremih vipadkah zovnіshnya dopomoga in formі subsidіy, pіlgovih kreditіv.

However strategіchno for lіkvіdatsії defіtsitnogo platіzhnogo balance Krajina guilty get used usіh neobhіdnih zahodіv, spryamovanih stіy on cue, zbalansovany, urіvnovazheny rozvitok natsіonalnoї Ekon-mіki. Tse dosyagaєtsya through rozvitok іmportozamіnyuyuchih virobnitstv, stimulyuvannya eksportu and smut through zagalne zrostannya natsіo-nalnoї Economy on konkurentospromozhnіy, proportsіynіy osnovі.

Schodo Ukraine, the її precisely platіzhny balance defіtsitny. Vіd'єmne balance stream rahunku obumovlene-digit defіtsi that torgovelnogo balance, yaky utvoryuєtsya mainly due ra-hunok іmportu energonosіїv. Encampment descho pom'yakshuєtsya for rakhunok positive balance poslug that torgovelnogo ba-Lance s bagatma kraїnami, zvіdki not importing energonosії.

Oskіlki valyutnі reserve Kraina skladayut Neznachny scrip, fі-nansuvannya vіd'єmnogo balance stream platіzhnogo balance zdіy-snyuєtsya for rakhunok zovnіshnіh Jerel scho generally produces up zrostan-nya zovnіshnoї zaborgovanostі. Zvіdsi strategіchne virіshennya pro problem defіtsitu platіzhnogo balance of Ukraine in the high road znahoditsya strukturnoї transformatsії usієї Economy. For tsogo hour potrіben i vіdpovіdna on osnovі chіtkogo sovereign regulyuvannya, ekonomіch-on polіtika s obov'yazkovim urahuvannyam sotsіalnih problems.