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Bankіvskі operatsії - Frost AM

5.4. AVALYUVANNYA TA AKTSEPTUVANNYA Bills. VIDACHA GARANTІY ON ZABEZPECHENNYA Bills Payment

Funktsіonuvannya komertsіynogo loan bill i obіgu mozhlive deprivation of nayavnostі vpevnenostі lender oplatі borzhnikom postavlenoї produktsії (nadanih poslug). Often garantії borzhnika, navіt takoї scho spiraєtsya on the power bill right viyavlyaєtsya nedostatno, i todі vіdpovіdalnіst for nevikonannya borzhnikom svoїh zobov'yazan Mauger to take on itself the Third person, vіdoma svoєyu platospromozhnіstyu in formі garantії, surety.

Naybіlsh priynyatnimi vvazhayutsya garantії solіdnih komertsіynih bankіv. Nadannya bankіvskoї garantії yak zabezpechennya Pay Bills Je Form kredituvannya klієnta scho zdіysnyuєtsya zgіdno s zagalnimi principles bankіvskogo kredituvannya. Vekselnі garantії komertsіynih bankіv mozhut mother yavny abo prihovany viglyad. In an apparent viglyadі vidaєtsya surety. Prihovany viglyad toil uchinenі in formі okremoї garantії payment (garantіynі sheets), napisi jar on vekselі yak odnієї іz zobov'yazanih bill for osіb, ale not avalіsta.

Aval - tse garantіya promissory note, vnaslіdok yakoї lady seized of scho qiu garantіyu (avalіst) Statement on bere vіdpovіdalnіst povnіstyu abo in chastinі sumi for zobov'yazannya yakoїs іz zobov'yazanih bill for osіb (vekseledavtsya, acceptor, іndosanta).

Aval vchinyaєtsya on perekaznomu vekselі abo on dodatkovomu arkushі (alonzhі). Aval takozh Mauger Dawat i on okremomu arkushі іz zaznachennyam Georeferencing vidachі. Aval virazhaєtsya words "Vvazhati aval", "guarantee", "Yak avalіst for ..." abo іnshimi rіvnoznachnimi formulyuvannyami and takozh pіdpisom avalіsta. For Aval dostatno of deprivation pіdpisu posed avalіstom on litsovomu botsі perekaznogo bills tіlki Yakscho Tsei pіdpis not delivered paysites abo vekseledavtsem.

In avalі guilty Buti zaznacheno for whom vіn Vidanov, napriklad: "For Trading Dim" Comet "," Bank "Bіznesferm". For vіdsutnostі takoї Price not specified surety vvazhaєtsya Vidanov for vekseledavtsya.

Avalyuyuchi bill, bank nadaє takіy osobі string loan abo credit to zapitannya (fallow od line payment of bills). Yak rule, shaping can Buti avalovanі vekselі in yakih exactly viznacheny payment lines and the Same: viznacheno-strokovі, dato- i vіzo-vekselі, and on ostannіh Got Booty vіdmіtka about the date filed. Aval Mauger Buti nadany at whether yaky hour: at skladannі, vidachі that on whether the following Money Does etapі obіgu bills.

Avalіst Mauger Buti yak-thirds special, KOTRA not Got vіdnoshennya to the bill, so i one іz napisantіv bills.

Avalіst vіdpovіdaє so very, yak i lady of yak Vidana garantіya but avalіst Je borzhnikom "Druha Cherga" i surety nabuvaє chinnostі deprivation pіslya nevikonannya zobov'yazan special, for yak vіn Vidanov. Zobov'yazannya avalіsta Je dіysnimi navіt razі in fact, those zobov'yazannya Yakscho, yak vіn garantuvav, viyavitsya nedіysnim s whether yakoї іnshoї reason, krіm defects in shape.

Over the minds nevikonannya klієntom svoїh zobov'yazan Bank Got oplatiti bill. Oplachuyuchi perekazny bill, bank avalіst nabuvaє rights scho viplivayut s perekaznogo bills yak proti tієї individuals for Cauterets CCB Vidanov surety, so i proti quiet osіb, SSMSC zobov'yazanі before tsієyu individuals.

Nadannyu Aval Got pereduvati perevіrka reputatsії klієnta, yogo kreditospromozhnostі for chogo banks vimagayut filed, krіm said іnshih dokumentіv, SSMSC harakterizuyut fіnansovy camp klієnta and takozh land on pіdstavі yakih boule pridbanі vekselі. Banks takozh vstanovlyuyut lіmіti s avalyuvannya Bills for dermal paysite for the bill, and takozh skin pred'yavnika bills.

Vekselі podayutsya avalyuvannya for themselves abo klієntom іnshoyu individuals (billholder) once іz reєstrom Bills, pred'yavlenih for avalyuvannya, schonaymenshe in dvoh primіrnikah. When priymannі reєstrіv Bank perevіryaє vіdpovіdnіst danih pred'yavnika i rekvіzitіv Bills. Reєstri s wrong danimi povertayutsya for re-registration. Yakscho vekselі priynyatі bank to rozglyadu then pred'yavniku daєtsya rozpiska about obsession Bills (zokrema, Won Mauger Dawat on kopії reєstru) priznachaєtsya that day, if vіn Got z'yavitis for bills. Vekselі, scho not vіdpovіdayut vimogam established by the Bank, s vikreslyuyutsya reєstrіv for Povernennya klієntu.

In razі uhvalennya Bank positive about rіshennya avalyuvannya vsіh abo okremih Bills on skin reєstrі rozrahovuєtsya scrip narahuvan, SSMSC Got splatiti klієnt and s ostannіm ukladaєtsya dogovіr about avalyuvannya, vіn Yakscho to tsogo slit LUVs not ukladeny. Avalovanі that neavalovanі vekselі povertayutsya predstavniku pred'yavnika pid rozpisku on reєstrah.

Suma, yak Got Booty narahovana on korist Bank yak fee nadannya avalnogo loan obchislyuєtsya on pіdstavі protsentnoї bank rate. Krіm protsentіv for іnogorodnіmi avalovanimi bills mozhut utrimuvatisya front fee, damno i porto. Bank takozh Mauger utrimuvati s pozichalnika komіsіyu for zobov'yazannya Nadachi avalny credit. Such a front fee, yak usually rozrahovuєtsya in percentage vіdnoshennі to Sumi, yak at the bank zobov'yazavsya zabezpechiti platіzh for the bill for such perіod dії zobov'yazannya Square i od of chi vikoristav pozichalnik right to obsession Aval chi ni.

Rozrahunok zagalnoї sumi vinagorod bank for avalovany bill Mauger zdіysnyuvatisya of the formula:

.

de K - zagalna scrip vinagorodi bank for nadannya avalnogo loan;

S - nomіnalna som bills;

i - the interest rate for interest on yakoyu narahovuyutsya nomіnalnu bag of bills;

j - interest rate, yakoyu narahovuyutsya avalny percent for credit;

v - interest rate, yakoyu narahovuєtsya front fee;

g - Interest rates for yakoyu narahovuєtsya damno;

P - Porto scrip;

n - Quantity dnіv rock;

δ2 - Quantity dnіv od day s yakogo narahovuyutsya percent on nomіnalnu bag of bills, until the day of payment of the bill;

δ3 - Quantity dnіv od avalyuvannya day to day zakіnchennya line of credit for the bill.

When nastannі line payment holder Mauger zvernutisya s vimogoyu about platіzh for a promissory note to the bank-avalіsta, Yakscho bill is not abo CCB CCB Paid Paid chastkovo. Krіm of the holder Mauger zvernutis to avalіsta i to nastannya line payment from vipadkah:

1. Yakscho small Location Povny abo chastkova vіdmova zdіysniti acceptance;
2. in razі bankrutstva (neplatospromozhnostі) trasata, Square od of zdіysniv vіn acceptance chi ni;
3. in razі pripinennya him platezhіv, navіt Yakscho tsya bula vstanovlena obstavina not by the court;
4. in razі inconclusive zvernennya styagnennya on yogo am Main;
5. in razі bankrutstva (neplatospromozhnostі) trasanta for the bill, scho not pіdlyagaє acceptance.

Bank avalіst zobov'yazany oplachuvati tіlki bill in rozmіrі tієї Sumi, yak on vіn giving surety. Takozh Mauger splatiti bank note holder i percent penalty on the bag Povny bills vitrati on oprotestuvannya, vіdsilannya povіdomlen that INSHI vitrati, Yakscho vimoga about takі pred'yavlena bank billholder abo napisuvachem, yaky paying the bill in order regression.

The Bank does not zobov'yazany vіdshkodovuvati note holder on vitrati oprotestuvannya, Yakscho vekseledavets (trasant) abo Well vіn himself znyali s Statement vіdpovіdalnіst for takі vitrati (zokrema, zasterezhennyami "Turnover without vitrat", "without protest" abo іnshimi rіvnoznachnimi).

Bank zobov'yazany platiti for them avalovanim bill in such vipadkah:

1) Location Yakscho small vіdmova od abo payment acceptance - against pred'yavlennya protest in neplatezhі abo neaktseptі bills;

2) Yakscho trasat pripiniv platezhі, Square od of zdіysniv vіn acceptance chi ni, abo at razі inconclusive zvernennya styagnennya on Yogo Mine, - against pred'yavlennya protest bills;

3) have announced razі trasata bankrutom, Square od of zdіysniv vіn acceptance chi ni, abo at razі announced bankrutom (neplatospromozhnim) trasanta for the bill, yaky not pіdlyagaє acceptance - against rіshennya court about the announced of bankruptcy.

Yakscho s vimogoyu about platіzh to bank zvertaєtsya not ostannіy holder and napisuvach, yaky pridbav bill for regression, the Bank vіdpovіdaє razі tsomu deprivation before Tim іz napisuvachіv, yaky putting svіy pіdpis pіslya pozichalnika.

Vіdpovіdalnіst Bank yak avalіsta pripinyaєtsya in razі:

1. paysite pay the bill;
2. pay the bill special, yak put svіy pіdpis ranіshe pozichalnika;
3. zakіnchennya line pozovnoї davnostі against the bank-avalіsta.

Costa for avalovanim i priynyatim bank to pay the bill svoєchasno pererahovuyutsya bank on the production rakhunok drawer abo napisuvacha, yaky paying the bill in order regression. Osoba, yak won platіzh, Got Nadachi bank about tse rozpisku. Bank Mauger vimagati, dwellers such rozpiska Bula seized of at most vekselі. Pіslya pay the note bank avalіst nabuvaє right regresnoї vimogi to particularly for yak vіn Nadab surety and takozh proti vsіh zobov'yazanih tsієyu owes a special debt to osіb yak solіdarnih borzhnikіv.

In mіzhnarodnіy torgіvlі de nayavnіst garantії Pay Especially great digit poshirennya Nabeul aktseptnі operatsії komertsіynih bankіv. Pong polyagayut in fact, scho Bank garantuє payment svoїm klієntom postavlenoї produktsії (vikonanih robіt) Shlyakhov aktseptuvannya zamіst Demba perekaznogo bills. In rezultatі vinikayut so zvanі bankіvskі acceptance (banker's acceptance) - aktseptovanі vekselі, SSMSC zdatnі obertatis penny on market analysis. Through its temple is the lіkvіdnіst nadіynіst bankіvskі acceptance vistupayut yak mіzhnarodny platіzhny zasіb, Aje zavdyaki nayavnostі podvіynoї garantії pay - іmportera, yaky nadaє Costa on the bill payment, i can, i Cauterets garantuє zdіysnyuє bezposerednіy platіzh - їh hunt priymayut in payment eksporteri produktsії; krіm tsogo, pid bankіvsky acceptance refіnansuvatis easily, more on penny market analysis іsnuє popit on danі іnstrumenti. Especially rozvinuty rinok bankіvskih aktseptіv the US * 1 that Velikobritanії de aktseptnі operatsії bankіv Nabeul naybіlshogo poshirennya. On amerikanskomu Rinku obertayutsya acceptance vіdomih bankіv of-line od 30 to 180 dnіv, deyakі s priynyatnі them to have perevrahuvannya Federalnіy rezervnіy sistemі US.

* 1: {Y kvіtnі 1990 p. suma bankіvskih aktseptіv scho perebuvala in obіgu becomes 53.8 billion dollars., porіvnyano of 7 billion dollars. at 1970 p.}

On vіdmіnu od oblіkovogo loan, yaky nadaєtsya note holder, acceptance credit vidaєtsya vekseledavtsyu (borzhniku ​​for the bill). Zagalny order zdіysnennya aktseptnoї operatsії proіlyustrovano in Fig. 5.10.

Fig. 5.10. The order acceptance zdіysnennya kredituvannya

Klієnt Bank (іmporter) ukladaє zovnіshnoekonomіchnu s sake іnozemnim counterparty (eksporterom) to purchase produktsії, minds yakoї Je payment contract for Relief bankіvskogo acceptance (1). Іmporter (abo himself through poserednika) domovlyaєtsya s bank about mozhlivіst ostannіm aktseptuvati Draft (2) minutes ochіkuє supply. Eksporter vіdvantazhuє produktsіyu (3), vipisuє draft on bank іmportera i peredaє її time komertsіynimi s documents (bezposeredno abo through Inshyj Bank) bankovі, Cauterets pogodivsya aktseptuvati Draft (4). Bank іmportera aktseptuє bill (5) i yogo povertaє eksporteru (abo yogo bankovі) (6).

Eksporter Mauger dochekatis line payment received otrimati platіzh for abo perevrahuvati bill acceptance bill for Penny market analysis. Bіlsh poshirenoyu Je sama realіzatsіya bankіvskogo acceptance (7). Naperedodnі termіnu pay the bill іmporter nadaє in svіy Bank vіdpovіdnu scrip payment (8) i pіslya pred'yavlennya vlasnikom bankіvskogo acceptance (9) oplachuє Yogo, otrimuyuchi at tsomu tovarnі document (10).

To dwellers eksporter MAV upevnenіst in fact, scho Bank іmportera aktseptuє draft, zvichayno contract peredbachaєtsya vіdkrittya іmporterom bezvіdklichnogo letter of credit on korist postachalnika. Bank іmportera in akreditivnomu listі zobov'yazuєtsya aktseptuvati, Draft pіslya її pred'yavlennya. Otzhe, riziki eksportera, yaky formally nadaє komertsіyny credit іmporteru, perekladayutsya on the bank acceptor. In ryadі vipadkіv at zdіysnennі zovnіshnoekonomіchnih operatsіy s vikoristannyam bankіvskogo acceptance eksporter Mauger not vіdsilayuchi bill of exchange for aktseptuvannya, vіdrazu vrahuvati її in svoєmu bank, and vzhe ostannіy peredaє bill acceptor at the bank. Vitrati eksportera on vrahuvannya zvichayno kompensuyutsya іmporterom.

For znizhennya riziku aktseptnoї operatsії banks nadayut perevagu aktseptuvannyu trademark Bills, namagayutsya dotrimuvatis vіdpovіdnostі termіnіv payment of bills lines vikonannya contract zdіysnyuvati control inventory flows penny. Znizhuє rizik bank i poєdnannya s acceptance rambursuvannyam - vіdshkoduvannyam klієntom sumi payment to nastannya line payment acceptance for bankіvskim (zvichayno one to three dnі fallow od reputatsії klієnta). For this otrimannya vіdshkoduvannya banks, yak usually utrimuyut tovarnі documents until Adding klієntom sumi pokrittya. W tsієyu Well metoyu Bank perevіryaє kreditospromozhnіst klієnta, registration of lands string zobov'yazannyam (promissory notes) i navіt Mauger vimagatisya lіkvіdne zabezpechennya in formі tsіnnih paperіv, bankіvskoї garantії toscho.

Poshirenoyu Form aktseptnoї operatsії komertsіynih bankіv Je reimbursement credit. Vіn zastosovuєtsya in mіzhnarodnih operatsіyah, todі Especially, if the currency of payment for the contract are not zbіgaєtsya s currency kraїn - sub'єktіv land.

On vіdmіnu od poperednogo butt, if the acceptor bank zdіysnyuvav uncovered trasiruvannya bills (pokrittya nadhodilo the bank naperedodnі payment line), reimbursement credit Je rіznovidom coverages loan. Vіn suprovodzhuєtsya vіdkrittyam bezvіdklichnogo letter of credit i zabezpecheny holding a permit.

Procedure zdіysnennya operatsії priblizno Taqiy. Іmporter daє doruchennya bank s Yakim Je domovlenіst about aktseptuvannya drafts, letter of credit on vіdkriti korist eksportera. Pіslya otrimannya od eksportera trademark dokumentіv zamіst acceptance bill acceptor spisuє bank scrip payment of a promissory note that komіsії s korespondentskogo rahunku bank іmportera. In razі, if bank i acceptor bank іmportera not toil korespondentskih vіdnosin have zdіysnennі lands Mauger Braty fate of the third person - bank komіsіoner. When tsomu bank acceptor spisuє Costa s korespondentskogo rahunku komіsіonera and that debetuє korespondentsky bank rakhunok іmportera. In oboh vipadkah іmporter make payment in scrip svіy naperedodnі termіnu bank to pay the bill.

Vinagoroda bank for zdіysnennya aktseptnoї operatsії skladaєtsya s komіsіynoї vinagorodi, yak splachuєtsya klієntom vіdrazu Well pіslya dosyagnennya domovlenostі about aktseptuvannya i do not povertaєtsya navіt in vipadku nevikoristannya right to acceptance (vitrati іmportera, krіm komіsії Bank, yak usually vklyuchayut slit th vіdshkoduvannya eksporteru vitrat for vrahuvannya bills). Dodatkovі revenues od zdіysnennya aktseptnoї operatsії bank acceptor Mauger otrimati Relief for him vrahuvannya acceptance bills, and takozh deponuvannya bankіvskogo acceptance of doruchennyam yogo holder.

Yak seen prikladіv s guidance, acceptance operatsіya for svoєyu ekonomіchnoyu Sutta Je gіbridom garantіynoї (zabalansovoї) Hotel Hotel is the nature of the loan. Koli bank draft drawn aktseptuє i CIM contract paysites garantuє payment, a loan from the factual viglyadі vіdstrochennya payment nadaєtsya eksporterom іmporteru and s side of the bank, according to sutі, Got Location garantіyna Hotel. The I hoch de jure acceptance operatsіya not Got Find our garantії chi guarantee, with such a de facto Je: Accepting Bank vіdpovіdaє before pred'yavnikom for direct vimogoyu and Yogo klієnt - for regresivnoyu. Vіdmіnnіst aktseptnoї operatsії od avalyuvannya, krіm form, polyagaє in fact, scho Bank musit splatiti bills in the bag whether Money Does vipadku, todі yak at avalі - deprivation at nevikonannі klієntom svoїh zobov'yazan.

However, acceptance operatsіya Mauger Break the credit for the minds vrahuvannya bank acceptance bills him abo Adding klієntom chi yogo for doruchennyam pokrittya (reimbursement credit). Such vipadkah bank krіm komіsії, styaguє slit th percentile.

Acceptance credit priznacheny for pokrittya required in obіgovih Costa i do not Mauger vikoristovuvatis for іnvestitsіynih tsіley.

In vipadku, if scrip contract abo / i riziki Nadto znachnі, acceptance credit Mauger nadavatis in formі konsormtsіumnogo kredituvannya. Sered chlenіv bankіvskogo konsortsіumu naznachayut parent bank, yakogo nadіlyayut povnovazhennyami in planі organіzatsії land, for scho Yomou splachuєtsya dodatkova front fee.

Okrіm poslug avalyuvannya i aktseptuvannya, zabezpechennya Bank settlement Bills Mauger zdіysnyuvatis Shlyakhov nadannya garantіy. Garantіya zabezpechennya to Pay Bills skladaєtsya in pismovіy formі. Garantії vvazhayutsya bezvіdklichnimi, Yakscho in їh tekstі not zaznacheno Lots Other. Zgіdno s position "About operatsії bankіv s bills" for the dwellers of zobov'yazannya garantієyu regulyuvalosya standards zakonodavstva about the promissory note obіg, dostatno, dwellers in її tekstі mіstilis takі rekvіziti:

1) Hosting Project Povny bank guarantee;

2) bezumovne zobov'yazannya bank guarantor about viplatu garantіynoї sumi;

3) suma garantії;

4) Location vidachі garantії.

Krіm, in garantії payment for the bill Mauger mіstitisya: Povny Hosting Project pozichalnika (individuals od іmenі yakoї vidaєtsya garantіya); Povny Hosting Project benefіtsіara - individuals on korist yakoї Vidana garantіya; posilannya on land, on pіdstavі yakoї Vidana garantіya; lines that payment / podіyu abo, yak obumovlyuє lines of payment; Minds filed vimogi payment; можливе врегулювання скорочення гарантійної суми; застереження про витрати.

Питання про те, за яких обставин та на яких умовах банк має виконувати гарантію, а також строк та умови її погашення і право банку на регрес визначаються змістом гарантії та чинним законодавством.