Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Система власності на Україні

З наближенням кінця періоду середньовіччя із the entry through Poland into Ukraine was penetrated by the system of becoming an organisation syspilstva, not known in Kyiv Rusia. On the basis of the class, which reflects the economical status of the singers of the social groups, the camps were enacted on the basis of the law of rights, and those documents were adhered to. Spotchatku vovmі vіdmіnostі mіzh shlyakhtoyu, the clergy of those cities buly rozmitimi, y lyudina could pass from one to I will be in the future. Protez in an hour rozmuzhuvannya mizh stanami, especially Mizh shlyakhtoyu (nobility), this other verstami, became a decadence and mayzh nezhniknim. On the cobbles, Yaku mi here rozglyadaєmo, stanov nalezhnnist people bula not mensh selenivoyu kategorієyu samoviznachennya, nizh vіrospovіdnya chi natsionalnist.

Table I

The area inhabited by the Ukrainian voivodships in the XVI century.

WoW Square, yew. Number of inhabitants, Density of the population, chol.
Sq. M. Km Yew, chol. Per sq. M. Km
Halytsky 45 446 10
Volinske 42 294 7th
Podilske 19 98 5
Brazlavske 35 311 9
Kyiv 117 234 2
Volzke (only two districts):
Kholmschina 19 133 7th
Підляшшя 10 233 24

The szlachta . Nayvazhlivshim camp, which was formed in the 14th-15th century, the bullet of the gentry, the temple of the anchorage, prinaimnі theoretically, the "blood, spill" on the services of the Viceroy to the king or grand prince. Until I began to lie the riches of the social group. In Ukraine, if entered before the Grand Duchy of Litovsk, the core of the gentry camp of the Buly from 20 to the ZO of the princes of the Chi magnates, they resembled the sovereign princes of the dynasty Rurikovich and Gediminasiv. Більшість цих княжих родин зсереджувался на Волині - цій твердині української аристократії. Naybagatshii iz them - rіd princes Ostrozkikh - Mav velichnі volodіnnya, scho hunted ЗО% усієї землі на Волині (14 thousand sq.km.) with 100 towns and 1300 villages. Up to the last of the bagaties and nobles of the house were lying Sangushki, Chortorisky, Zbarazky, In Ishchnetsky, Zaslavsky and Chetvertinsky . Tsі rodiny obіymali perevazhnu більшість високих посад у Великим князівстві Литовському, and bays їхніх kolis sovereign rights viraagalisya at привілеї lead pіd vlasnimi praporami svoї vіys'kovі pogony chi бути судимими лише the court of the grand duke, and not місцевих урядників.

Привілеї величезної більшості знаті, пo пізніше became називатися polskim word "gentry", viplyivali peredusim із військовоїї service. The top of the szlachti loyalty, nacho nalichuvala kilkasot rodin na Ukrainі i odnokovo resembled the boyars Kiivskoi do, mala matyki z 10-15 sіl і monopolizuvala mіsceve pravlіnya. The number of bullets of the lower gates of the gentry. Tysyachi rodin, the number of long-time villagers from villages, chi mischan, otrimuvali status gentry, vidbuvuyuchi service in the cavalry - in the campaigns, burying chokkiv abon kordonіv chi being ozbroye magnate servants. Neridko їхніх of the earth wore yakraz on those, shobo produvavatysya, and їхнє життя little chim відізнялося від життя селян. Tse osoblivo stosuvalos Galichini, de mashkali bіdnі shlyachtichi - Kulchitsky, Yavorsky, Chaykovsky and Witwicki.

Popivi sotsіalno-ekonomichnі vіdmіnnostі tertya, sho mali mіsce v sredovishchі shlyachti, samem, scho ti people of the sword were gifted prievyleyami in 1387, 1413, 1430 і 1434 rr., Bred in them vidchutty nalezhnostі to one camp. In Poland, de Shlyakht bula nikrasche organizovanoyu i nabiblsh can, the von stored close to 8-10 ° o populated area (the middle pogranznik for Evropy buv approximately 1-2%). On the Ukrainian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, to know povilnishe zavoyovuvala svy special status і, dovmirno, did not overhaul 5% of the population.

Міщани . Мешканці українських міст, цезел 1-15% усього поселення, також were formulated in okremu spilnist. Із зростанням їхньої чисельності та впевненості в собі польські королі та великі князі литовські надавали великих містам високо ціноване Magdeburg z oo right . Stvorene at the checkpoint of the management of the Ukrainian city of Magdeburg and brought to Ukraine through Poland, tse right pobachalo nadannya moskov self-adherence. In 1356 r. Magdeburzke right otrimav Lviv, in 1374 - Kam'yanets-Podilsky, in 1432-Lutsk and in 1497 r .- Kiev, pozbubshis such a rank vztrachan iz to the side of the king of chi princes serpents.

Попри паченчену Магдебурзьким право рівність усіх міщан prior to the law of the middle of the population міст існували різкі відмінності. Bagatі patricynanskiy rodinii, for zrazok quietly 40 chi 50, scho utlovuvali l'vivsku elitu, tselkom panuvali in mіskomu upravlennye. Serednia of faith was stored in other merchants and trades. Міські трударі, що були Actually pozbavleni rights, oskilki not mali viasnostі in misty y nerіdly paused the posture of yogo-murami, became the population of the population. Yak zavzhdi, міські мешканці були etnіchno by a string social social group: in the middle of them it is possible to know the representatives of the indigenous population, but the Polish gentry are those who are in charge, nimetskikh remisnikov, єврейських та вірменських купців.

Villages . Yakshcho vischezgadanі camps were identified with their special rights, then the first knowledge of the villagers, they stored 80% of the population of Ukraine, buly povinki. For the right korostustavsya land peasants musi sploustuvati feodalovі vidrobitkovu abo natural rent. Yakshcho villager vikonuvav tsi, zobov'yanya, - and in the XIV century. Stink of buli in a lightly light, ridko kolichestvichi 14 dnіv vidrobitku on the river, - yogo can not buno zignati s zadnogo nadilu. Prior to that, the peasant could sell the chi as well as write the name of the slump.

For chasіv, if zemlі boolo bagato, and the population is small, the villagers managed to get into trouble with their wide rights. Tse bouvilnyi people (pіd tiskom church ta ekonomichnogo primus zniklo those obmenen slavery, sho існувало in Київській Русі), cotri mіg submit to the court for the nobility, and for the singing outstaffs leave the mothers of their feudal lords in the pokushki of the stealing minds. In the active areas of Ukraine, there were villages, villages and villages, not far from feudal land. In the Carpathians, de Perevazalo tvarinnitsvo, Bagato sili Mali Moldavske right, for some yon stinked feudal lishhe natural obrok (as a rule, in vvtsi). Sub-facet of prejudice Nimetsky right, for a yakim pidpriemlyivy villager, abo soltys, for dogovirenovu board fee feudalov otrimuvav right to zasnovuvati village on yogo lands and manage it. On the steppe cordons of the Central Ukraine Scandinavia, bugatokh villagers were shouting at the zobov'san before feudal lords for those who served as yak voiceless vartas.

The Lithuanian statute . Numerical rights and privileges granted to riznomannim social groups of the Grand Duchy, dictated neobhіdnіst zakratnya kodifiko-

Vainogo the call of law. Bishe for all the tsiomu bula zainterisovana trednya dribna gentry, kotra pragnula legislator zakrpititi svy predilevaniyov status. Unaligned in 1529 р. Zyavilosya peshe vidannya Litovskogo statute. Крім підтвердження шлыетських прав, він including елементи звичаєвого право, які чагали чаів Київської Русі. At one o'clock in the morning they introduced themselves to new legal understandings, but resembled Nimeccini. In 1566 and 1588 rubles. Vichlo two інших винняня Литовського статуту, змовлені необхідністю lead yogo уідповідність із змінами, breeders Люблінською унією.

It is important to reassess the meaning of the Lithuanian statute in the law of the Ukraine. Krim legitimized the important socially-economical zmіn in the Ukraine in the XV-XVI century, vin takozh creating the basis for the legal system, but rozvinalas zgdom, for the Kozachchini. Navyat at the XIX century. In the active parts of the USSR, the law was governed by the statute on a day-to-day basis. It is necessary to tattoo all the same on one aspect of the world, yaku invaded in Ukraine. The Lithuanian statute of the zokrema is a stall system. Resentful stinks have coped a great flush with the knowledge of Ukrainians of the values ​​of such people, as established by law. A usvidomlennya tsyogo obyazvalo ukrayntsіv іz zahіdnoyu polichnichnu y juridova dumkoju. Інший продукт Київської Русі - Московія, навпаки, в результаті століть монголо-татарського панування not few opportunities to get acquainted with the principles of legal legality.