Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Tradition and Tradition

Until the middle of the XVI century. The feudal lord of the products is very important for the satisfaction of the needs of his house, for the slackness of the approaching fate. The fate of trivalyh Viask campaigns, and such a marriage of rinkyv that penny vidbivali at feudaliv uyasyke bazhannya zaimatsya komercitsynoyu diyalnistyu. For vinyatok tієї zemlі, de містився маєток, shlyakhta zvichayno distributed the solution of its lands to the villagers. For the villagers, tsebov gold. To know did not get bogged down in їхні справи, columnізація збільшила кількість наявноїї землі, and вскосконалені sільськогосподарські знаюдя підняли продуктивність праці. Yaksho zobov'yanya that obrok villagers feodalov deprived of nezminnimi, then pribudki їхні zrostali.

For the villager, and їх bulo bagatoes, the price of the breeze is about 8-12 hectares, the mother of one or two horses, two cows, a number of pigs and dozens of chickens and geese. The Danish Ratsion of the Ukrainian Ukraine is about 0.6 kg of hliba and 2.5 liters of beer. By the widest products of buli porridge, sir, eggs, in the season of fruit. M'yaso іli rіdko, yak, as a rule, is great. The razion of the reclassified nobleman had little vidriznyavsya, for the vignette of the fact that the yo homeland had been arguing for more than a month and an hour on the table, they had been known so well, they were zaimorsky prisrav, izyum, nezhir. Solodoschi buli rіdkіstyu th navnit bagatas know the Lisha on the holy could allow sobi wine. Naybіdnіші селяни і городяни went just hungry. Through poganі gіgієnіchnі іnwіn іmgіng a high school student іt's dead, but thе middle оf thе rіghtіvі of life, іrahuvannіm ostannії, did not re-train 25-ЗО rockів.

For the Moscow XIV and XVth century, such boules are sometimes good. Oskilki stink vystupali dzherlom pribudku th potentsinimi allied kami znati, Polish authorities litigi dinovuvali novivi rozbudovuvali існуючі міста. Shchob mati pributki, governors often installed for moscow mosoka mito, suvo viznacheni tradihi shlyakhi, dovzil on sales of imported goods tochno. Prote, yak already known, stinks takozh poured mistam znachnu autonomy, scho sopryalo їхньому зростанню. On the cob of the XV century. Набільшим містом on Україні був Львів, що налічував близько 10 тис. Мешканців (Київ, що lying lying uncalled before the attacks of the Tatars and through the yak no longer passed important trades, they inhabited the 3rd tis choloviks).

The numerical population of Lviv, which is located in 14 workshops, was occupied by 36 different crafts. Запроваджені на Україні німецькими іммігратами The shops were themselves corporative remedies, they stole the Іхні Інтереси та that they stashed for the sake of goods and goods, whips were vibrated. Lisha in one Lviv nalichuvalosya 500 postmenstv-remіsnikiv, scho were included to their own abbreviated dispute shop. Оскільки містам із їхнім зростаючим поселенням потрібні були продукти, а село прагнуло пивних виробів, at the regular fairs was conducted місцева торгівля, ця опора всієї комерції. Takozh proclaimed trade in foreign goods, especially at Zakhidnye Ukrainy, and the wagons of that, as well as Lviv and Kam'yanets, lay near the main trade routes of Moscow and Moscow, Krim and Skhod.

However, nezvazhayuchi on інтенсивне зростання, міста булиш відноно мало разшренными на Україні. So, on the densely populated Volyni on the skin 300 sq. M. Km fell one by one. Not less than a small number, but the ethnical warehouse of the city intervened їхню a role at житі українців. Nezabarom bilshist population of such great cities, yak Lviv, began to store numerals іmmigranti - німці, євреї, poles, вірмени, Greeks, requested by the rulers for the development of the city in Ukraine. Naybіshe bulo polikіv і німців, віросповідання яких, Catholicism, shvidko became panіvnym u mistah. Після приєднання до Польщі Галичини, а згдом інших регіонів України, the middle of the Mikolay population was actively conducted in the cultural and cultural life.

Tse called before suvorih obmezhen for Mishchan-Ukrainians. Доводячи, начебто міські закони стосуються виключно католиків, полонізована міська верхівка витіснила православних українців із установ та судів. Vona takozh obmezhila nekotorya about Ukrainians, sho mali right to live in the city. Zokrema, near Lviv ZO of the Ukrainian birthmarks, Mali, the right to live in the wilderness of the Miskish Moors, and then to the small and small Rus' volity. Навіть православні релігійні процесії були під забороною, а православне міщанство примушували платити повиність with the Catholic priests. In a word, the people of the city became deprived of this by stretching their bangs to other people's land for bolshosty Ukrainians.

Great grain boom . Stretch of the XVI century. At bagatooh european krajnakh povzhavilasya gospodarska diyalnist, їхнє populated schwidko zrostalo. Zrostali d tsini for food. Між 1500 та 1600 рр. So called the revolution tsin, sprinkled with the gold medal from New Svyatu, called to the skyline of the price for food products - by 400-500%, and by the second to 800-1000%. Bagatolyudny zahіdnі міста required zbizhzhya. At tsevidgukulisya zemlevelsniki північних і central regіonіv Rechі Pospolitoї, розвозячи чимраз більші партії зерна по всій Західній Європі. In the same hour at the pivdennyh Regions of the Republic of Poland, such yak Podillja, roztashovanyh far vly shlyahu along the river. Віслі, випасали великі herds of thinness, kotru potim pereganyali in Pіvdenu Nіmecchinu Італію. She was very much involved in food and food, in which the role of Ukraine was important.

Shchob vibrolyati food efektivnishe y u bіlshіy kіlkostі, feudalists began peretvovyuvati svoi volodinnya komercyne oriyntovanni gosdarstva, scho nazivalisya fіlvarkami. Pragnuchi posaviti selyanskyi zemelі pіd svіy безпосередній control, stink included їх up to its own mіtіkіvі and zіmіst vіroku вимагали від селян ще більшої відробіткової праці. On відміну від Польщі, де fільваркове gosdarstvo shvedko nabeło znachnogo poshirn'ya, on Ukrainі tse vіdbuvalosya povіlnіshe. For інунування such state of affairs сутєво neobhіdnimi були access to ринків that meaningful robocha force. Hoch ti umovi іsnuvali partly in Galichyni, on Volinі ta Podilli, zavdyaki chomu there nezabarom vinikli subbni gosdarstva, stink buli vіdsutnіmі from Central and Scheidnі Ukraіnі. Persh nizh stvojovati there gostarstva, nalezalo mastered the earth.

Задля сприяння колонізації polskiі пoлoізовані магнати, чиї зв'язки allowed Ім easy отримувати as a gift великі незаселені землі України, заохочували селян зайсе ці землі. Shchob more privatibi villagers, stinked їм so zvanі slobodi (tobto settlement, zvіlennі vіd of the sum of beacons, that obrokіv stretching from 1'5 to ЗО років). Otzhe, in the sparsely populated Pridniprov'i system of philistine states of state has developed in the past. Naresti z'yavivshis, vonna znіnilasya vidliv mindstvih minds.