Історія України - Subtelium Orest

РУЇНА

At the hour, if the mass of the Masoviks rises from Europe, the New Hour has been recognized as a wicked one, Velika Ukrainska rebellion of 1648 р. Peremoglo, as a result of the boo boo, the magnate has been reinforced, and the administrative admis- sion has been reinstated. Alya hochchya epokhhalna podіya sprinchilasya to bugatokh zmіn, neprozv'yannimi deprived of the bagato nourishment. Sered kozatskih vatazhk vinikli gostrі rozhodzhennya schodo, chi deprive Ukrainі pіd Moskvoyu, chi zhukati patronizing the means of the world's most susidnyh powers. Became vidchutnymi takozh і boljuchi sotsіialno-ekonomichnyh problems. Чи ста стане Україна унікальним суспільством вільних козаків-землеробів, як цього хотіли селяни й рядове козацтво, чи ж козацька старшина just loan to the monk gentry, vіdtaku turning the syspіniy syspіlnyy устій ​​знаті, що відповідало б типовим для доби модели?

Серед українців ще tentyтиттами по смерті Khmel'nyts'kyi were sharpened up in superexes on the basis of tsikh nourishment. The hours of the Suspilian rose, the foreign interruptions, the further desolation of the splintered edge. In the Ukrainian історіографії tragic performance, in Ukraine, they blamed the greatness of energy and riches, nabuti in the rebellion of 1648, in self-destructive essences, such as were, would not be called, often naming Rusyno. Through 20 rockів після смерті Khmel'nyts'kyi peremogi nad spіlnim vorogom buli zvedenni nainivets nezdatnіstyu ukraїнців об'єднатися для досягнення спільної меті. As a result, the bug was spent on the subject of self-determination, the rebellion of the Khmelnytsky rebels.

Noviy Ustry

Koli died Khmelnitsky, kozakam pidporyadkovuvalas bilshist land on the right bank of the Dnieper (killshni Kiev, Bratslavske ta Chernigivske vovedovodstva), Todi Yak Halychyna and Wolin deprived of poles. On pidledglyh Cossack lands close to 250 thousand yew. Sq. M. Km lived 1.2-1.5 million people. In the first ten years, the insignia of the insurrectionary half of the earth, lying in front of the Polish Crown, became Viaska Zaporozkiy, yak passed the blyshu to the part of the self-fulfilling village settlements, and tax collectors ransacked the sticks. The surplus from the parts of the lands (so zvanih rangovih) went to pay a penny to the high places in the cossack orderly, but were pestered for services. Close to 33% of the land lay the Cossacks that Ukrainian nobility, 17% of the Buli vladnistyu Orthodox church.

Kozaki shvidko inserted their form of rule. Підпорядковану ім територію було поділено на 16 військових округів , або полків, що відповідали regiments of the Cossack Війська. The colonels, who, on the hour of the war, commanded the Cimi with 3-5-thousand regiments, the Buli by the chief admirals of the ship's sergeants for the follow-up period at the peace hour. The succession of the skin regiment was extended to hundreds, in which the administrators exercised their functions. The organizations of the regiments regimented hundreds of these at the great places in the lands, but wore the name of the river. At the lower level of the administrative admirer of the Buds, it was known as the capital of the village, in a certain land lay the cossack otamanov. The spaghetti of the Cossack sergeant was insulted by the Cossacks of the outposts. In about an hour, plantings became deciduous.

At the top of the central administrative and administrative system stood the hetman. Theoretically, Vin pidporyadkovuvavsya volos kozatskoy general for the sake of yak yore yogo. Aly through shvidke zbіlshennya chiselnostі kozakіv in 1648-1656 рр. Held cich rad became inadequate, that hetmani rikly scrolled їх. Natomist Khmelnitsky, those yogi offenders were moved to radiate from the elderly generals. Prothe to practice Hetmani could visibly zdіysnyuvaty its prerogatives and rivaled the actual rulers of Ukraine. At the command of the Cossack Vyss'kyi, the stench conducted the call of the voters, looked at the system of administration of that jurisdiction, and controlled the cossack skarbnitsy for that land fund. Tsey fund was deposited from the lands, confiscated from the Poles, and the right of the hetman to the power of the roses rozpodilyati ich significantly oppressed the yogi polichnichnu vagu. On dodatok to confiscation of land, it is very important for the Utriman of Cossack sergeants, the Scarbbutz retained 1 million gold coins for taxes, and for tariffs.

Vikonuvati pokladen na gnogo funktsii hetmanov dopomagala general's sergeant-major, scho was itself the General Staff for the sake of mninstren. Nayvplivshimi її member of the Bouvet General Pisar, scho vstanovlyulyavav order denniy zasіdan for the sake of, storing the basic udryadі text ta zdіysnyuvav postійny visage for zvnіshnіm znosinami.

Іншою ключовою постаттю в капитаній старшиі був обозний - landing, analogue військовому міністрові, - пo відповідав for боєздатність 40-60 тис. Regular kozatskogo vіyska, including the artillery. The courts supervise the General Court of Justice, and the two General Chiefs of the General Coroner's Hetman vicaristovav for the Specials Doruchen. Hocha Khmelnitsky that yogi attackers zavzhdi vvazhali Kiev the head quarter of Ukraine, the hetman's staff zoeseredzhuvavsya in the small cossack mistechku Chigirin, and in the XVIII century - in Baturin and Glukhov. Formally, the cossack power and podporyadkovany їй earthly were called Viskskom Zaporozhky. Prote Muscovites were thrilled by the name Malorosia, and the Poles poured nazivati ​​її Україною.