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Istoria Ukrainy - Subtelny Orest
Ukraїntsі pid Vladoiu Gabsburgіv
Velichezna bіlshіst ukraїntsіv in Avstrіyskіy іmperії lived in Galichinі - pіvdenno-skhіdnіy chastinі kolishnoї Rechі Pospolitoї, zahoplenoї Habsburgs pіslya Perche podіlu Polschі at 1772 p. EYAD rokami pіznіshe to Bula priєdnana of Galicia Bukovina - is small ukrainian territory, scho yogo vіdіbrav Vіden in zanepadayuchoї Ottomanskoї іmperії. Nareshtі, in 1795 p., Pіslya tert th ostannogo podіlu Polschі to іmperії boule takozh vklyuchenі zemlі, zaselenі Poles (vklyuchayuchi Krakіv). Yakscho Shіdnu Galicia settled perevazhno ukraїntsі then Zahіdna Galicia Bula bunt rank polskoyu. Poєdnannya in odnіy admіnіstrativnіy provіntsії Tsikh dvoh narodіv camp in the cause maybutnomu napruzhenih stosunkіv mіzh them.
Pid poserednіm control Gabsburgіv perebuvav ot populated ukraїntsyami regіon. Roztashovane on zahіdnih skhilah Carpathian gіr Zakarpattya s chasіv serednovіchchya included to warehouse Ugorskogo korolіvstva. In the XIX century. vono zoster in ugorskіy chastinі іmperії Gabsburgіv i Bulo іzolovanim od іnshih of Ukrainian lands.
Selanne. Minds Zhittya in population ukraїntsyami lands іmperії Gabsburgіv harakterizuvalisya one word: bіdnіst. Gorbisty relєf that nevelikі nadіli uskladnyuvali obrobku zemlі and postіyny gnіt polskoї gentry arguments villagers to Povny visnazhennya. Pіslya of yak in rezultatі podіlіv Polschі nevelichkі th brudnі galitskі Mista Bulo vіdrіzano od traditsіynih rinkіv on Ukraїnі, їhnya minutes without sore upon the share became slit tyazhchoyu. No wonder: scho Galicia small PRSPs reputatsіyu odnієї s naybіlsh Needing i vіdstalih Chastain іmperії.
Velicheznu bіlshіst zahіdnih ukraїntsіv skladali Selanne-krіpaki for yakih LUVs vizisk fact schodennogo Zhittya. For the right to land nadіlami koristuvatisya wretched stench musili vіdroblyati on feudal panschinu scho syagala p'yati six dnіv on Tyzhden. Krіm of nobility nerіdko zmushuvala villagers vіdbuvati rіznі robots in Panska maєtkah i vimagala natural rents. Pіdrahovano scho panovі dіstavalosya ere od half to tretini zhalyugіdnogo Selyanske pributku. Niby tsogo Bulo little volodarі maєtkіv systematically eksproprіyuvali selyanskі that gromadskі zemlі, zalishayuchi villagers chimraz menshі nadіli. So, Yakscho serednya Ploscha Selyanske nadіlu in Shіdnіy Galichinі at 1819 p. It becomes 14 akrіv and shlyahetskogo maєtku -1051 acre, then at 1848 p. vіdpovіdno 9.6 is the 1400. Otozh, Shіdna Galicia is themselves perekonlivy zrazok suspіlstva Where Money Does bagatі Stavan slit bagatshimi and bіdnі - slit bіdnіshimi.
For such minds navіt vizhiti Bulo the right is not easy. Іzolovanі mayzhe unavailable in rural areas, yakih nalіchuvalosya blizko 3.5 yew., Zastosovuyuchi primіtivnі sіlskogospodarskі method of Galicia Shіdnoї Selanne could deprivation blizko otrimuvati tretini of scho viroschuvali Selanne Chehії that Avstrії. A їhnіy ratsіon to yakogo were mayzhe samі cabbage th kartoplya becomes blizko half of scho spozhivav zahіdnoєvropeysky peasants. Kohli insisted that it was hunger, and tse traplyalosya often bagato visnazhenih ginulo villagers. Buli chasi, mіzh 1830 that 1850 pp., If mortality rate in Shіdnіy Galichinі perevischuvala narodzhuvanіst. Zakonomіrno scho trivalіst Zhittya zahіdnoukraїnskogo villager Bula Short - in serednomu yakihos 30-40 rokіv.
Dwellers know polegshennya svoєmu zlidennomu іsnuvannyu, villagers often zavertali to the tavern. Before tsogo їh zaohochuvali polskі Pani, scho volodіli legally monopolієyu on virobnitstvo habits and takozh vlasniki shinkіv, perevazhno єvreї. Deyakі zemlevlasniki navіt vstanovlyuvali for svoїh krіpakіv Quantity spozhivannya habits, such spodіvayuchis rank realіzuvati product yaky Zoni viroblyali. Bazhannya polegshiti share villager rіdko coli Yakscho vzagalі subsided at Dumka Halytska shlyahtichevі. In bіlshostі itself mozhlivіst such vchinku, melodic, viklikala used to marvel, more peasants in їhnomu rozumіnnі are themselves yakus nizhchu form lyudskoї іstoti, scho not pіddaєtsya whether Yakima udoskonalennyam.
Clergy. Against non OAO All zahіdnі ukraїntsі boule villagers. Viraznu sotsіalnu grup, yak naybіlshe s usіh prosharkіv zahіdnoukraїnskogo suspіlstva nablizhalasya to elіti becomes katolitske Greek clergy. Ostannє tidied role in lіdera Selyanske seredovischі through vіdsutnіst іnshoї groupies, KOTRA vikonuvala b qiu role - unaslіdok addition, scho in XVI-XVII Art. ukraїnska know vіdtsuralasya od Svoge suspіlstva, polonіzuvalas i pereyshla to Catholicism. Zavdyaki fact scho nizhchomu clergy on vіdmіnu od ecclesiastical ієrarhіv allows odruzhuvatisya, vinikali tsіlі dinastії svyaschenikіv, SSMSC nerіdko on bagato pokolіn pov'yazuvalisya svoєyu outskirts of Zi. In the XIX century. in Shіdnіy Galichinі nalіchuvalosya blizko 2-2.5 yew. these homelands. Chastі zіbrannya, trivalі vіdvіdini, vzaєmnі shlyubi peretvorili grekokatolitske clergy on tіsno plexus spadkovu caste іz rozvinutim pochuttyam grupovoї solіdarnostі.
Zv'yazane s Masami spіlnoyu vіroyu clergy koristuvalosya in seredovischі svoїh sіlskih parafіyan great vplivom i possess. However, during the cultural i materіalnim rіvnem ukrainian sіlsky The priest - Especially Before joining avstrіytsіv - Ledwith pіdnosivsya over the peasants. Hoca Gromada, yak usually vidіlyala a priest bіlshe zemlі, nіzh selyaninovі, krіm of dodatkovy Prybutok gave charge Khrestin, vіnchannya bury st against nerіdko sіm'ya died parafіyalnogo lived a priest s one nadіlu. Bagatoh svyaschenikіv rozoryali vitrati to those dwellers dati spirituality osvіtu sinovі chi vigіdno vidati zamіzh daughter.
Hagia. Jura in Lvovі
Through nezadovіlnu bogoslovsku osvіtu Cheema Greek katolitskih svyaschenikіv in Shіdnіy Galichinі naprikіntsі XVIII - XIX century on the cob. Ledwith could read! lіturgіchnі Texti tserkovnoslov'yanskoyu movoyu. Tom їhnіy svіtoglyad CCB nenabagato Shirshov od Selyanske. Polska gentry not viyavlyala velikoї povagi to grekokatolitskogo clergy. So, coming to slit Gabsburgіv gentry nerіdko primushuvala svyaschenikіv pratsyuvati in svoїh maєtkah. Tse gave up rechі, pozitivnі result, oskіlki ukraїnske clergy vstanovilo s selyanstvom tіsnіshі osobistі that kulturnі zv'yazki, nіzh polskі ksondzi. Zavdyaki such stosunkam Greek clergy katolitskomu Legshei Bulo lead him selyanstvo not have relіgіynih deprivation, and th in іnshih right. Vіdtak protyagom usogo XIX century. zahіdnoukraїnske suspіlstvo skladalosya deprivation іz dvoh sotsіalnih verstv: selyanskoї masi th nevelikoї Casti svyaschenikіv. Sered ukraїntsіv for іronіchnim polskim virazom, boules deprivation flakes that Popi.
W look around to those scho zahіdnі ukraїntsі slit in bіlshіy mіrі, nіzh ukraїntsі in skladі Rosіyskoї іmperії not mali vlasnoї znatі and takozh nalezhnogo predstavnitstva mіschanstva Sered, deyakі іstoriki roztsіnyuvali ukraїnske suspіlstvo yak sotsіalne nepovne. For CIM termіnom Takeo Bulo suspіlstvo gliboko nepovnotsіnnim; i spravdі, ukraїntsі Mali obmezheny access to polіtichnoї Vladi through vіdsutnіst nobility. Not mayuchi mіskogo population deprives the stench pose Tsarina torgіvlі that promislovostі. Tse zvіsno not oznachaє, scho in Galichinі not Bulo gentry chi mіschan. Naprikіntsі XVIII century. polska gentry becomes 95 yew, abo 3.4% of the population provіntsії and mіschani (bіlshіst іz them - nezamozhnі remіsniki-єvreї that kramarі and takozh nebagato Zamozhniy kuptsіv). nalіchuvali blizko 300 tis, abo 10% of the population.. Krіm of Zi vstanovlennyam Vladi Gabsburgіv z'yavlyaєtsya with otsіalna new group - officials. Perevazhno nіmtsі abo nіmetskomovnі Czechs nіkoli not stink boule numerical GROUP. Prote vlastі pіdtrimuvali emіgratsіyu desyatkіv tisyach іnshih nіmtsіv-kolonіstіv, spodіvayuchis scho stink will vzіrtsem good gospodaryuvannya th revive sіlsku ekonomіku. So rank, suspіlstvo Galicia tsіlomu Bulo th bagatonatsіonalnim, i chіtko rozsharovanim, and cutaneous yogo okrema etnіchna grupa Ziman his virazno okreslenu minutes of closed suspіlnu, gospodarsku that cultural Tsarina.
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