Istoria Ukrainy - Subtelny Orest

Іntelіgentsіya

Vazhko vsebіchno osmisliti viniknennya th poshirennya on Ukraїnі, yak i in usіy Єvropі XIX century., Novih іdey not zupinivshis on poyavі novoї category of people SSMSC tsі іdeї narodzhuvali. In Shіdnіy Єvropі Tsikh "novih people" nazivali іntelіgentsієyu - word, scho deprivation for svoїm values ​​priblizno vіdpovіdaє zahіdnoєvropeyskomu "іpіeііesіiaі". Z'yavivshisya spochatku in Russie, and i Zgoda in usіy Shіdnіy Єvropі word "іntelіgentsіya" have wide rozumіnnі meant quiet porіvnyano nebagatoh, scho mali vischu osvіtu. Ale in vuzhchomu th іstorichno vagomіshomu znachennі pid іntelіgentsієyu malisya on uvazі people SSMSC s іdeologіchnih perekonan prisvyatili currently pokraschennya cultural, sotsіalnogo i polіtichnogo encampments weight, tobto selyanstva.

"Novelty" іntelіgentsії viyavlyalasya in kіlkoh aspects. Vaughn spriymala Zhittya s point Zora Pevnyi іdey іdeologіy that, rather than a specific suspіlnih rights privіleїv i duties, yak tse sposterіgalosya to її appeared in іnshih suspіlnih group. Zamіst of dwellers rozglyadati suspіlstvo in vuzkіy perspektivі nobleman, mіschanina chi villager, predstavniki іntelіgentsії vvazhali scho stink divlyatsya on suspіlstvo in tsіlomu, vrahovuyuchi Interests vsіh. Іz hour criticism іsnuyuchogo speeches will become zvichaynoyu temoyu have acted as іntelіgentsії - th to takoї mіri scho naprikіntsі XIX century. Chastina іntelіgentsії navіt prisvyatila currently borotbі zmіnu for the status quo, for every second tsіnu whether yakimi methods.

In Rosіyskіy іmperії, yak at vsіy Shіdnіy Єvropі, appeared іntelіgentsії Bula podієyu great value. Especially Vahom Won was for suspіlstv ukraїnskog type of scho "vtratili" his dvoryansku elіtu in rezultatі asimіlyatsії іmperskoyu culture is the service. Bo sama іntelіgentsіya small zabezpechuvati ukraїntsіv cultural and Zgoda i polіtichnim wire protyagom usієї novіtnoї Dobie.

Yak i nalezhalo spodіvatisya, іntelіgentsіya zvichayno z'yavlyalasya in mіstah - nasampered in quiet, boule de vischі uchbovі mortgage. Vіdtak Kharkiv (de 1805 p. Zasnovano Purshia in rosіyskіy chastinі University of Ukraine) became one іz oseredkіv іntelіgentsії Perche, scho narodzhuvalasya in kraїnі. Tsey University Winick for tsіkavih obstavin: on vіdmіnu od іnshih unіversitetіv іmperії yogo not vіdkrili s іnіtsіativi Uryadov s metoyu pіdgotovki Reigning sluzhbovtsіv. Spovnenіy pochuttya mіstsevogo patrіotizmu th pragnennya pіdnesti cultural rіven Ukraine grupі mіstsevogo nobility on cholі s nevtomnim Vasil Karazіnim udalosya perekonati іmperatora Oleksandra 1 dati dozvіl on zasnuvannya unіversitetu and takozh zіbrati for tsogo neobhіdnі funds. Lachey in 1834 p., If Bulo zasnovano University St. Volodimir, Ukraine іntelektualny center peremіstivsya іz Kharkova up of Kyiv.

Sotsіalne seredovische, s yakogo Postal Pershe pokolіnnya ukraїnskoї іntelіgentsії, skladalosya nasampered іz nobility, scho sounded like Zi staroї kozatskoї Petty Officer. Sered them Bulo Bhagat vplivovih nobles zdatnih zavdyaki svoїm contacts easily dіstavati visokі put in іmperskіy byurokratії. Navpaki, Vishcha Osvita naybіlshoyu mіroyu privablyuvala zbіdnіlih nobles zanepadayuchі maєtki yakih shtovhali їh on Poshuk іnshih zasobіv to іsnuvannya. Nevelichka grupa such Perche іntelіgentіv skladalasya s sinіv svyaschenikіv, mіschan i kozakіv. Until 1861 p. Sered іntelіgentsії Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rіdko traplyalisya vihіdtsі s selyanstva.

For svoєyu chiselnіstyu іntelіgentsіya on Ukraїnі, yak i in іnshih kraїnah Shіdnoї Єvropi, Bula duzhe small. Until 1861 p. Harkіvsky University zakіnchili vsogo 2800 vipusknikіv, todі yak i novіshy bіlshy University in Kiєvі vipustiv blizko 1500 vihovantsіv. Іz tsogo little seredovischa good people osvіchenih deprivation small Chastina viyavlyala zaіnteresovanіst at the Ukrainian right. Vіdtak Ti, scho Steel prichetnimi to vihovannya in ukraїntsіv pochuttya natsіonalnoї samobutnostі, skladali krihіtny vіdsotok population of Ukraine.

Predstavniki іntelіgentsії bunt rank ob'єdnuvalisya in gurtki on zasіdannyah yakih obgovoryuvali power fіlosofії, іdeologії toscho. Іnshim ob'єdnuyuchim chinnikom steel magazine scho sluguvali svoєrіdnim forum for іntelіgentіv-odnodumtsіv. Contacts іntelіgentsії s іnshimi verstvami suspіlstva Especially th s villagers, was theoretically kotrі Mali naybіlshe їh tsіkaviti, boules mіnіmalnimi. Bіlshu Chastain XIX century. ukraїnska іntelіgentsіya, yak i rosіyska deprives Neznachny GROUP suspіlstva often rozіrvanoyu іntelektualnimi superechkami, nastroєnoyu proti Uryadov, іzolovanoyu od w i zanurenoyu vlasnі from the right. Well all the I vpliv її on Purshia'll see that nepotrіbnoї malozrozumіloї dіyalnostі viyavivsya nabagato silnіshim, nіzh tse could uyaviti іntelіgentsіya itself.