Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Poland-Ukraine Confrontation

Із прискоренням політичного й національного розвитку як українців, так і поляків і without having folded взаємини міжми погіршали. Interests Tsikh dvoh natsіy, prinaymnі s point Zora їhnіh provіdnikіv, packaging costs little to no in skin pitannі: Yakscho Poles vperto stood for zberezhennya єdnostі Galicia Abi won could sluguvati Basics їhnoї maybutnoї powers, the ukraїntsі vimagali її podіlu for dwellers mother in skhіdnіy chastinі provіntsії Its base; Yakscho y Scihdniy Galichin Poles stored visci klassi suspilstva, then Ukrainians ototozhnyvalisya yogo lower classes. Ukrainian vimagali zmіn і reforms there, de bіlshіst polski proііdnikіv ostoyuvali status quo. In a word, the Poles of Buli were "indivisible", and Ukrainians - "uninhabited", they did not want to be more tolerant with their own institution.

At zv'yazku proizvodizatsiyu gromadskikh organizatsii y polichichnu diyalnist 'i konflikti vtyagulovalosya daleal bishe predstavniki ob obokh narodiv. На відміну від ситуації 1848 р. Poles are no longer able to ototozhniti with a small group of aristocrats, and Ukrainians - iz of the purchase of the priesthood of that enterprise. On the ears of the twentieth century. polskoukraїnsky konflіkt іz Borotba mіzh EYAD natsіonalnimi elіtami virіs in konfrontatsіyu mіzh EYAD nations, scho gained zagrozlivih masshtabіv.

Звісно, ​​роблися побы досягти компромісу. Ukrainian is the polskі sotsіalіsti, yak, napriklad, Ivan Franko is the Felіks Dashinsky, tavruvali shovіnіzm s oboh storіn, zaklikayuchi villagers i robіtnikіv oboh natsіonalnostey to spіvpratsі in іm'ya spіlnih іnteresіv. In rolі poserednikіv mіzh suprotivnikami of Namangan vistupati takі skhіdnі ukraїntsі, yak i Kulіsh Antonovich, SSMSC poboyuvalisya, scho tsya pid vorozhnecha put zagrozu їhnє perebuvannya in Galichinі. Hour an hour robin ask the vaguluvati superpoles. Viden, spodіyvaychis ostuditi napruzhenist on his sensible shіddnyh cordons. Naybishe was running so called "a new era of a polichnogo tranquility," but little to see in 1890 r. In rezultatі Zgoda, dosyagnutoї mіzh narodovtsi pid wire Yulіana Romanchuk th Oleksandr Barvіnskogo, s one side, that the Governor-General Casimir Badenі scho represents Halytska Uryadov - s іnshogo, ukraїntsyam robilisya actions (perevazhno in tsarinі culture that osvіti) vzamіn order The stench of mali is a sign of the status quo. Ale if viyavilosya scho tsі actions obmezhuyutsya kіlkoma novimi gіmnazіyami st scho Uryadov provіntsії prodovzhuє manіpulyuvati Vibor, favor Bulo th rozіrvano obidvі PARTIES vіdnovili polіtichnu vіynu. Podal'shi namagannya (yak, zokrema, in 1908 p.) The porazumnin's patronymics were signed by the subordinate rank.

In the remainder of the decade, before the beginning of the conflict, the Polish-Ukrainian confrontation began to grow on a three-point basis: the rural population, the superintendents in charge of the reforms in the economy. In zv'yazku nazvichaynno low zaborotkami, scho-ohm otrimuvali from the great mothers syl'skogospodarsky robots, especially gostrim and actual boulo selyanske pittannya. At the back of the table, the bagatos of the villagers did not start to divide into the yak on the Ідиний спосіб розв'язання its own difficult. In 1902 the river. Peasants (some radicals were sent, but such, as well as to active seizures, national democrats and water delegates, Russophiles) roared the boycott of the boycott, and hunted 100 tis. Сільськогосподарських робітників at the great mothers of Shіdnoї Galichini. Coordinuvati strike, pidtrymuvati disciplina and that way of the middle of the yogo partici- pants dopomagali number of people in the comet.

Perelyakanі tііyu nespodіvano vdaloju demostratsієy селянської солідарності, pomіshchiki zaklikali the order to "віdlivlennja to an order". Unsuccessful on hundreds of arrests, the strike sold out. Todi pomischiki appealed to polskoy gromadskoy dumas, strverdzhuuchi, sho strike - not chim іnshim, yak spooboju українців витіснити поляків із їхніх спадкових земли. So pittannya, scho could ob'ednati Ukrainianskih villagers із such gnoblenymi Polish villagers, bulo z pomitnym uspіhom vikoristan for pogliblenya natsionalnoy Voronechnich mi them. Vreshti strike uvinchavsya peremogoyu villagers. Pomoschiki mushili pidvishchit plinnyu piti on інші acts. However, the more important thing was the striking of the floor in the fact that it was active in the baguage of the villagers, who had gathered up to half the battle.

In this case, we do not have such a large-scale program, we have a conflict in the Lviv University. Після 1848 р. Videne planning zrobiti university dvumovnim, ale if the Poles came to the land, the shwidko stinks became a full-fledged mortgage. Postulov boulo osmezhene vzhivannya Ukrainskoї moivi, navda dlya vikladachіv, natomіst became a postійною practice підкреслювати "polskіist" to the university. The proto-1890s rock'nії українські студенти organized a number of approaches to protest. Having learned how to ignore the test, the students were tempted to create the Ukrainian university. Tsia ідеa заволоділа уявою українського суспільства, навіть селян, і на підтримку студентських вимог began to call bahatolyudnye metings. Vodnochas Ukrainski deputies in the Galician Seimi videnskomu parliament and repeatedly vypupali zadrassnimi zaklikami before the meeting rozv'yati tse Pitannya.

Those Poles vperto conducted their polity, і in the first decade of the twentieth century. Situation at the Lviv University became bogus. Ozbroєnі палицями українські та польські студенти led mіzh soboju sravzhnі bії in the lecture halls; In 1901 r. The students of the Kharkov Steel began to thrash out into the University; In 1907 the river. Against the authorities of the city, the organizers of the demonstration, and in 1910, In the baking of the essence of the boule was driven by the Ukrainian student Adam Kotsk. Teper Vіdene zrozumіv, scho it is time діяти, і in 1912 р. Він пообіцяв у наступні п'ять років vідкрити окремий український університет. Проте війна побабавила українців цієї довго виборюваної виноророди.

That, in the duma of the Ukrainian provinces, the food of the Naybislah Vaga of the Viborcha bulletin reform. Yakby Ukrainians succeeded in obtaining justice in the system of representation in the Galician Seym of the Vidensk Parliament, which can criminate its share of the Buli with a boldly shirshim. The system of couries zhorstko interchanged vplyv ukrainskih viborіv, and provitsnіyny detachment nezgrabnim manipulyuvannam results viborіv zabiv sobi scandalous glory. Ці маніпуляції здійснювалися у різні способі: falsifikuvali lists of vibortsiv; Lishe for kіlka godin before vіborіv змінювали місце та час їхнього проведення; Vikradali skrinki z budetni (scho not boolo folded, bo sered Ukrainians did not boo people, yaki rahuvali b voices); Shchob pereskoditi vzborbornniy agіtatsії, Ukrainian candidates were thrown to vyaznitsi for dribnimi zvinuvachenniami. Poroshennya viborcho procedures have fallen at the apogee of the hour "Krivavikh viboriv" 1895 and 1897 years - at the end of the Governorate of Baden, which I called "the governor of the halls". If the Ukrainians were settling down, they protested against the trespass that fraud, Baden sending them against them, inasmuch as 10 choloviks were beaten by the bug, 30 seriously wounded, and 800 stolen.

Alye y u ts'iomu pitanni nalblichasya zmіni. Spotchatka in Vidny, and potim - in 1907, in the long-lasting support of the Polish upper reaches - and in Halychyna boulo, the system of smoking is disguised, and in spite of the spoilage of the vote. Хоч уряд провінції продовжував фальсифікувати результатти виборів, the number of Ukrainian delegates in the Vidensk Parliament, and in the Galician Seymі postyno zrostalo. In the year 1879, Українці мали трьох своїх представників у Відні, а після виборів 1907 р.- 27; In the Galician Seymi in 1901 р. Jumped 13, and in 1913-32 Ukraine. However, the stench was deprived of impenetrable representations, a meaningful world through krutiynstvo on the voters of the Galician governors.

12 quarters of 1908, protesting against the enemy, a young Ukrainian student Miroslav Sichinsky, killing Governor Andrzej Pototsky . Tsey vipadok slydchiv about those, uko Ukrainsko-polski vidnosiny syagnuli nebezpechnoi interii. Prote zrostayucha napruzhenstvo mala glibshe korinnya. Sered polikіv shvidko povsyrivav his own vplivi ultranatsionalstichny ruh on cholі z Pol'skoyu national-democratic party Roman Dmuskogo. The polls of the national democratic democrats podbno up to the Ukrainians have fallen asleep in the image of the village people's organizations. They have gained popularity in the middle classes, students and students. The main gas turbo was ZROstayucha zanroza panuvannya polokіv at Scihdniy Galichinі z boku ukraїнців. Причуття цієї зарози звуро відлунням у слова відомого польського історика Franzіška Bujaka: "Our Maybutnі in Scіdnіy Galichynі is not about good. The share of English in Irland chi nimtsiv in chesky lands is an unpredictable forecast for us. " Відтак the basic meta polskih націоналістів at Galichyni polagala in zberezhennі that, scho nalezhalo Poles at shідній частині провінції. Tse meant, but protiv Ukrainians did not step up "podlyani", tobto zhmenka shіdnogalitskogo gentry, and the Polish ruch із broad social base, but vperto vidmovlyavsya go to be-yak deeds.

Очолювані власною національно-демократичною партією, українці поводились із не меншою воовничістю. Voni energetically poured out the organisation diyalnist, with kozhny nadokuykuyu polokіv at the Parliament of the Seymi, often conducting massov zibrannya, abi show your zrostayuchu mіts. 28 chervnya in 1914, on the Masovian zybranni in Lviv, de before the grandiose prihilno mood of the auditorium his gimnastichnu vpravnnost demonstruvali tisyachi members of the partnerships "Sich" and "Sokil" , to the tribune, zapovnenoї vysokimi individuals, rushing the messenger and disobedience to the novel about vbarivstvo at Sarajevi ercherzog Ferdinand of Habsburg. Європа от-от мала поринути у страхітливу війну ворогуючих між соцю націоналізмів.