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Istoria Ukrainy - Subtelny Orest

Bukovina i Zakarpattya

Yakscho 80% zahіdnih ukraїntsіv lived in Galichinі, the Rasht 20% y dvoh smallest in regіonah: on the one Bukovinі in Zakarpattі. Before pevnoї mіri їhnє Zhittya Bulo similar. Sered ukraїntsіv Bukovina that Zakarpattya perevazhali villagers; Well maєtnu elіtu skladali neukraїntsі - rumuni on Bukovinі that Madjar have Zakarpattі. Nebagato ukraїntsіv linger in napіvsonnih mіstechkah de perevazhali nіmtsі that єvreї; promislovostі іsnuvalo not practical. Analogіchno Galichinі, Bukovina i Zakarpattya are themselves vnutrіshnі kolonії avstrіyskogo center. Prote in іnshih vіdnoshennyah situatsіya pomіtno vіdrіznyalasya.

On Bukovinі, yak in 1861 p. vіddіlili od Galicia okremu provіntsіyu, blizko 300 tis. ukraїntsіv (abo 40% zagalnoї kіlkostі population) lived in її pіvnіchnіy chastinі. Rasht population skladali rumuni (34%), єvreї (13%), nіmtsі (8%) that INSHI menshostі. Sered usіh zahіdnoukraїnskih villagers bukovintsі boule nayzamozhnіshimi mainly zavdyaki fact scho velikі rumunskі zemlevlasniki not mali such velicheznogo vplivu in Vіdnі, yak Poles that Madjar. Oskіlki polіtika Vіdnya zvodilasya before vikoristannya ukraїntsіv yak protivagi rumunam then Pershi th spravdі Mali pevnі polіtichnі vazhelі. On kіnets XIX century. naslіdkami tsogo bula vplivu good organіzovana osvіti system mozhlivіst navchannya in Chernіvetskomu unіversitetі that vіdnosno spriyatlivі polіtichnі Vigoda. Vtіm іsnuvali pereshkodi th th on the high road natsіonalnogo polіtichnogo rozvitku. Bukovintsі, yak i rumuni, boules Orthodox, and the church has been viewed in the main ієrarhіya opanovana rumunami. Tom, on vіdmіnu od of Galicia, the Church is not the Grail is the second could not have vіdіgravati pomіtnoї rolі rozvitku pochuttya natsіonalnoї іdentichnostі on Bukovinі; vіdtak processes natsіonalnogo budіvnitstva in kraї uniquely spovіlnyuvavsya.

Coley in 1870 that 80 Rokach Tsey processes factuality pochavsya great vpliv on Demba celebrated susіdstvo th s of Galicia sailed syudi galitskoї іntelіgentsії. In 1869, p. for spriyannya rіdnіy kulturі in Chernіvtsyah Bulo zasnovano Ruska tovaristvo. A Year vinikla Ruska Rada - polіtichna grup, scho small predstavlyati ukraїntsіv on Vibor. Spochatku in Tsikh organіzatsіyah perevazhali rusofіli, ale stink nіkoli not mali velikoї Sealy on Bukovinі. Until 1880 rokіv provіd over Bukovynska ukraїntsyami pereyshov distance of ukraїnofіlіv, yak Galician Stepan Smal-Stotsky (professor ukraїnsko ¯ MTIE th lіteraturi in Chernіvetskomu unіversitetі) that Mikola cornflowers (Bhagat mіstsevy zemlevlasnik). Nezabarom in kraї z'yavilisya mіstsevі vіddіlennya Halytska natsіonal-demokratіv, radikalіv that sotsіal-demokratіv. Until 1914, p. Ruska tovaristvo scho orієntuvalosya to "Prosvіtu" Zăluceni to Svoge warehouse blizko 13 tis. cholovіk. Tim hour at 1911 p. Bulo dosyagnuto kompromіsu s іnshimi natsіonalnostyami for Yakima ukraїntsyam garantuvalosya 17 іz 63 mіsts in seymі provіntsії. In vіdenskomu parlamentі bukovinskі ukraїntsі zvichayno posіdali respektabelnі p'yat mіsts. So, zavdyaki zbalansovanіy polіtitsі Vіdnya on Bukovinі polіtichny kompromіs CCB bіlsh real and NATIONAL napruzhenіst - bіlsh zgladzhenoyu, nіzh in Galichinі.

In Zakarpattі on vіdmіnu od Bukovina, ni about yaky kompromіs could Buti th MTIE. Madjar tsіlkom pіdporyadkuvali sobі edge Especially pіslya 1867 p .: їhnі aristocracy svavіlno ekspluatuvali selyanstvo and ugorskі natsіonalіsti vsіlyako choked mіstsevy patriotism. So rank, mayzhe access in all vіdnoshennyah blizko 400 tis. zakarpattsіv, SSMSC skladali mayzhe 70% of the population vsogo edge boule naybezpravnіshimi s usіh zahіdnih ukraїntsіv.

Natsіonalny rozvitok zakarpattsіv takozh arrogant seryoznih nevdach. Zrazy pіslya w 1848 r. pid wire Adolf Dobryanskogo that Oleksandr Dukhnovich stink dobilisya number vplivovih put in admіnіstratsії that zaprovadzhennya shkіl іz rіdnoyu movoyu navchannya. Ale zrostannya rusofіlskih nastroїv, sprichinene advent in 1848 to Ugorschini p. rosіyskih vіysk strangled for gnobitelіv-madyarіv, ovolodіlo chiselno slim іntelіgentsієyu th Greek katolitskim clergy target cultural RPPOs mіzh them i selyanstvom. Pіslya 1867 p. pid vplivom posilenoї madyarizatsії-valued Chastina osvіchenih people not mayuchi shirokoї reliance on people pіddalasya tiskovі th asimіlyuvalasya, standing so the title of "madyaronami". Grekokatolitska Church, scho small єpiskopstva in Pryashevі that Mukachevі, not deprivation not Tsey spinal processes, and second priskorila Yogo. Well Oskіlki Zakarpattya vіddіlyav of Galicia od Austro-ugorsky cordon scho Saw ohoronyavsya and pin them mіzh boule traditsіyno Slabko, here on vіdmіnu od Bukovina could not rozvinutisya ukraїnofіlskі techії. Vіdtak in ostannі desyatirіchchya XX century. in kraї znikav one slov'yansky chasopis for іnshim number shkіl s vikladannyam on mіstsevіy govіrtsі s 479 in 1874 p. zіyshlo to zero in 1907, and Tovaristvo St. Basil the scho dbalo rozvitok about the culture, the Same Ledwith zhivotіlo. TH deprivation Zhmenka molodih narodovtsіv such yak Yuriy Zhatkovych that Augustine Voloshin, repairs of Namangan opіr madyarizatsії.

Ukraїntsіv Rosіyskoї іmperії scho vіdvіduvali Galicia in Pershi Rocky XX century., Nezmіnne vrazhav that did, yaky Zroby їhnі zahіdnі spіvvіtchizniki. In all Kiєvі slit zaboronyalosya publіkuvati books ukraїnskoyu movoyu have Lvovі Well іsnuvali Ukrainian naukovі tovaristva, schools, masovі organіzatsії that the cooperative, newspapers polіtichnih partіy, parlamentskі predstavnitstva. In Rosіyskіy Ukraїnі NATIONAL іntelіgentsіya all slit gurtuvalasya in nevelikі, zoseredzhenі in mіstah Gromada, realіzuyuchi svoї often tumannі projects, Galichinі Well that on Bukovinі Won, spirayuchis on the Great Chastain nedavnіh vihіdtsіv іz Selyanske seredovischa, pratsyuvala in tіsnomu kontaktі s selyanstvom in tovaristvah "Prosvita "cooperatives polіtichnih partіyah. In dіyalnostі zahіdnih ukraїntsіv chi not naybіlshy optimіzm instilled those scho stink brought: spodіvannya schodo pіdnesennya ukrajins'koho natsіonalnogo Ruhu boule not іlyuzієyu іdealіstichno nastroєnih іntelіgentіv and chimos tsіlkom zdіysnennim.

Hoch yakogo vrazhayuchogo entered dosyagli ukraїntsі that of Galicia Bukovina, yogo not slіd perebіlshuvati. SOCA OAO All svoї zusillya zahіdnі ukraїntsі in tsіlomu all slit borsalisya in tryasovinі zlidnіv; poshirenim yavischem Bula nepismennіst villagers and NATIONAL svіdomіst bagatoh іz They Bula nizkoyu. Before the Well at vuzkomu prosharku osvіchenoї elіti sider gostrі rozhodzhennya mіzh ukraїnofіlami that rusofіlami and takozh mіzh lіberalami, conservatives radicals that schodo napryamіv further rozvitku ukrajins'koho suspіlstva. Of I all the same naperedodnі pershoї svіtovoї vіyni Sered zahіdnih ukraїntsіv pomіtne Bulo pochuttya optimіzmu.