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Історія України - Subtelium Orest
The Holodomor 1932-1933.
The famine of 1932-1933. Becoming for українців тим, чим був holocaust for євреїв і різанина 1915 р. For вірменів. Yak tragedy, the scale of the allegedly incompetent zbanuti, hunger traumativ natsiyu, zalishivshi on її тілі glybokі соціальні, психологічні та демографічні scar, які вона wear досьогодні. Throwing vin і chornu tin 'on the method of dovyagnnnya radyanskoi sistemi.
Nayvazhlivshim at the tragedy hunger - those, yo yo yogo buno uniknuti. Stalin himself declaring: "Nihto can not zapomchiti that, scho zagalnii grain harvest in 1932 p. Perevishchuvav 1931 p. "Yak ukazuyut R. Conquest and B. Kravchenko, the vintage of 1932 r. Lisha by 12% in the middle of the mean demonstrator 1926-1930. Inakshche kazuchi, harchiv did not bite. The Proto-state systematically confronted the bil'shu їх part for the imperious vzhtku. Ignoroychi zakliks i pogodzhenzhenya Ukrainskih komunistiv, Stalіn підняв plan of harvests of grain in 1932 р. By 44%. Tse rіshennya ta zhhorostokіst, із anonymous regime vikonuvav yogo nazi, prikoreli mіljoni people to death vіd hunger , yak mozhna nazvati not іnakshe yak odnichnim .
About bajduzhist regime to the human sufferers, the price of some zdіysnyuvalasya yogo polity, syidchiv number of visits, conducted in 1932 r. In serpnі partіynі vіdistіsti otrimal juridеchne the right of confiscation of grain in kolgospah, the same місяця in дію було introduced ganеbniy law, schо perebachav mortal кару for розкрадання "соціалістичної власності". For pom'yakshih obstavin soi "antistavnenny evil" were punished with 10 swirls viznazhlivoj prazi. In order not to give dwellers villagers to throw kolgospi in poshukah їжі, bula vprovadzhena system of internal passports. In the fall of the fall, Moscow saw a law that, by dumping grains of grain to the peasants, the docks would not be vikonal to the plan of the state wagons.
Під загальним керівництвом надзвичайної хлібозаготівельної комісії Molotov drove the party activists at the pothooks of grain nishporili in kozhny huti, saw pidlogs, climbed in the well. Navim Tim, hto vzhe puffed up from hunger, did not allow the deprivation of grain. Yaksho z vyavlyalosya, scho chtos not hungry, then yogi pidozryuvali u perehovuvanni grains. Turn up to the tsikh podiy, one partner active, explaining the motives, and tying them to him: "Mi wili, scho Stalin mudriy kerivnik ... We were deceived, we were deceived by the bouti. Mi so virili in komunizm, scho buli ladni piti on be-like evil, yakschoo yogo pіdmalovuvali hoch krhtoyu komunistichnoy phraseology. "
Hunger, yak widened in the course of 1932, nabuv najstrashnoshoi sat on the ear of 1933 r. Pidrahovano, scho on the ear of rock of the middle of the country, the countryside of the country is close to 80 kilograms of grain, but it is pricked up to the onset of the crop. Іnakshe kazuchi, kozhnyi її member of the mav close to 1,7 kg per month. Zalyshivshis without hliba, villagers їли котів, dogs, schurіv, bark, leaf, навіть drank remembrance in the best of care of kitchens member of the party. Мали місце чисінні випадки канібалізму. Behind the words of one Radyansky author, "the first to die were choloviks. Potim dity. In the remnant of the worm, the women died. ALE Persh Nig is dead, people are often gods, spending their people. " The partners were actively selling confiscations , ignoring the hunger of the virirali of the village. One of them, Vіktor Kravchenko, wrote: "At the people's battles, killing shvidko, stink of wrestling, їх підтримує comrades solіdarnіstі and pobutty obov'yuкуku. Here I'm bashing, yak people vmirayut samoti, postupovo, vmirajut terrible death, without osyakoї dumas vypravdati its self-sacrificing self-sacrifice in iM'ya spravi. Їh drove into the pasta і, and deprived them of dying out of hunger, skin in their own hut, half the plague, boasting in the far-away capital for the conference tables of chi bancettes. In ts'omu not boolo vavіt vtіhi chogos neminuchogo, sho polegshilo b fear. Naimotoroshnis boulo divide into small children, vysokhly, yak at the skeleton, kits of some of them hanging from a bloated belly. The hunger erased the ichnih forms of the usi slidi ditinstva, rewritten on the zamordovanih mayor; І Lisha in the eyes of the public was deprived of a glimpse of distant ditinism. "
Stalin ya yogo poplychniki, zvichayno, marvel at all іnakshe. In 1933 the river. Помічник Сталіна на Україні Mendel Khataevich , scho keruvav campaniyu zernozagotivel, із proudly declaring: "Mіzh seljanami i nashoyu vladoju chisel zhorostoka borotba. Tse borotba to death. Цей рік becoming випробуванням нашої сили і їхньої витривалостіі. Hunger dovіv ім, hto here gospodar. Він коштував мільйони життів, але колгоспна system існуватиме завжди. Mi have winned! "
Відомо, наскільки малодостовірною є радянська The statistics of that hour (rozdratyvaniya results of the census і 937 р., Що виявив страхітливо високу смертність, Сталін having punished the leaders in the census programs). Radyansky arhivnі materіali, sho stosuyutsya stalіynskoї do, zalishayutsya in the main inaccessible. To that it is important to remain vividly kilkist detainees for hunger. For pidrahunkami, scho spirayutsya on the method of demographic expropriation, the number of yogo victims in the Ukraine kolovyaetsya in the boundaries of 3-6 million choloviks. At that time, in Ukraine, especially in the countryside, in the Peculiar Caucasus (de veins of Bagatone Ukrainians), lyutuvav hunger, bil'sha partially vlasne Rossii icy vidchula yogo. One iz chinnikiv, scho dopomagayut clarify tsyu osoblyvist, bulo te, scho zgіdno in the first p'yatirichnim plan "Ukraine ... is small servant of the colossal laboratory viprobuvannya new forms of social and economic vibrochnico-technical perebudivnyh silyskogo ekonomiki vsyogo Radyansky Soyuzu." About the value of Ukraine for Radyansky economists-planners were written in the advanced version of "Pravdi" for 7 of December 1933. Under the headline "Ukraine is the vital factor of grain grains". Vіdtak before the republic were placed unprepared great wimogues. Yak showing Vsevolod Golubnichy, Ukraine, zabezpechuchi 27% zagalnosoyuznog vyzhaya grain, protea, vikonuvala already 38% plan zernozagotivel. B. Kravchenko stverdzhuє, scho Ukrainsky kolgospnikam paid together, less, nizh rosіyskim.
I will look at the trivalu of the tradition of private land-farming, Ukrainians were repairing the collectivism of the most oppressive opir, nizh rosіyani. Tomu on Ukraine, yak nіde, the regime zdіysnyuvav its politiku - z sysima її fearfullsyam naslidkami - shvidshimi tempi, nizh in інших respublіki. Yak pisav Vasil Grossman, Radyansky Prosexion and Kolyshny Party activist: "Bulo is clear, but Moscow poklada to Ukraine velikі spodіvannya. And the result was those, which naybilshy gniv vona rectified against Ukraine. We were told that in Ukraine there were privatnalasnytsі інстинктиі синіші, ніж in Російській республіці. І справді, on Україні spravi yshli nabagato гірше, ніж у нас ".
Інші вважають, що hunger був for Сталіна засобом услаблення українського націоналізму. Zrozumilo, scho poyazyanist natsionalalizma z selyanstvom not ominulo filnosti radyansky kerivnitsvva. Stalin Kasav, scho "selyanske pitania boulo osnovoyu, kvintesentsiєyu natsionalnogo pitan ... On suti, natsionalnye pitanie є selyans'kim pitannyam." In the 1930's. The provincial Ukrainian newspaper gave a rosy tse ototozhnennya, declaring: "spetsialnoe zavdannya kolektivizatsii in the Ukraine, in that, shob ... znischiti sotsialnu base of the Ukrainian nationalism - individualne selyanske gosdarstvo." Tom can be issued a ticket, but at a sudden vipadku Stalin vvazhal death of millions of people neobhidnoyu tsinoy індустріалізації. In girshomu zh vіn svіdomo permitting hunger hіmіtati any opіr у tіy especially uncompensated part yіgo імперії.
Wartime respect with the aspect of hunger на namagannya vikresliti yogo z sushpilnoy svidosty. Until recently, the radian position was being led to the very fact of starvation. Yakbi became known to all the scales of tragedy, then, clearly, they were tseboldo seryoznoi shodi to the image of the world, but yogo pragnula decided to play Moscow at home, and behind the cordon. Tom vlada dovgo zaboronila vidkrito talk about the famine in the SRSR.
Хоч деякі Газети на Заході posted a thundering about the famine, here the teeters zahovchuvalysya yogi scary. Багатьом на Заході важно було повірити, що in that hour yak Radyansky Union експортує зерно й відмовляється від чужоземної допомоги, on Україні може лютувати голод. Zdіysnivshi repeatedly rastavleni mode of the road to the SSRR, so іnіlі zаііdіnіropeyskoy kul'tury, yak George Bernard Shaw ta tsіkshnіy прем'єр Франції Едуард Еріо, turned around, plundered оповідаючи about радянські досягнення, about задоволених і ситих селян. Pідлещучусьсь до Сталіна, the Moscow correspondent of the newspaper "New York Times" Walter Duranti repeatedly in his statty zasperchuvav існування hunger (Хоч at private roses allowed, scho vіd hunger, canfully, загонуло 10 million чоловік). "For glibin, obektivnist, tverzu otsinku i vinyatkovu yasnnost" yogo reporterazyv z SSRR in 1932 r. The Durant have built up the Premier's Premiere.
Хоч західні уряди й knew about the hunger, їхня позиція в цій справі була подібною до викладеної in one document of the British Ministry of Lawsuits: "Tse is true, it's so strange, it's a pervasive oath of information about the famine in Pіvdnі Rosії, аналогічної тій, що з ' Was in the press ... Mi is not wanted, one, її unveiled, oskilki tse drew b radiansky detachment і zadalo b shodi our stasunkam z him. " Prior to that, the luggage of the intellectuals at the Great Depression had a strong prophecy sympathy and energetically vidkidali any criticism of the Socialist Revolutionary Crisis, especially in the hunger for food. Yak reveled R. Conquest, "ganebnym boulo is not the same, but the stinkers were acquitted of the day, and those who did not want to hear about them did not want to hear about them, but the stinks did not bother to get the facts into shape."
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