Istoria Ukrainy - Subtelny Orest

Kіnets ukraїnіzatsії

W tsentralіzatsієyu priyshla th rusifіkatsіya. Spochatku, 1933 p., Won in wire formі naplivu to Ukraine tisyach rosіyskih funktsіonerіv for pіdsilennya kolektivіzatsії. Pid kіnets desyatilіttya pіslya cleaning natsіonal-komunіstіv bіlshіst chlenіv nayvischogo kerіvnitstva partії that powers on Ukraїnі, vklyuchayuchi Mykyta Khrushchev, boules rosіyanami. Deyakі vchenі oharakterizuvali tsі zmіni in polіtichnіy verhіvtsі Ukraine yak "Povernennya rosіyan".

For recruitment zmіnami standing rіshuchy turn in natsіonalnіy polіtitsі Moscow, becoming scho in 1933 p., If the main zagrozoyu for єdnostі Radyans'ka Union Stalіn ogolosiv mіstsevy natsіonalіzm (not rosіysky shovіnіzm). Tse mean kіnets ukraїnіzatsії th cob systematically utiskіv ukraїnskoї culture. Skoroti Quantity of Ukrainian shkіl, pomіtno zmenshilasya chastka of Ukrainian uchitelіv i doslіdnikіv, іz bіblіotek Bulo vilucheno vidatnі ukraїnskoї do the first science that lіteraturi, zaboroneno sotnі of Ukrainian p'єs Closed-i dozens of Ukrainian teatrіv and museum pratsіvnikam punished pripiniti "іdealіzatsіyu іstorії kozachchini". Vlastі at kozhnіy nagodі znuschalisya s "natsіonalіstichnoї teorії about samobutnіst Ukraine".

Vodnochase zvelichuvalisya OAO All aspects of culture rosіyskoї th pіdkreslyuvalasya provіdna role in CPCP Russie. And all tse robilosya pid viglyadom rozvitku іnternatsіonalіzmu, proletarskoї solіdarnostі that "friendship narodіv". In 1936 r. Stalіn progoloshuvav "Dokorіnno zmіnilos oblichchya narodіv CPCP, they zniklo pochuttya vzaєmnoї nedovіri, natomіst rozvinulosya pochuttya vzaєmnoї friendship i nalagodilosya such rank, spravzhnє braterske spіvrobіtnitstvo narodіv in sistemі єdinoї soyuznoї powers."

I do not marvel at th viklikav visnovok, scho to Demba priyshli radyanskі іdeologi for Yakima rosіyska mova th culture naykrasche vіdpovіdayut zavdannyam rozvitku іnternatsіonalnoї friendship spіvpratsі that Progreso. A typical one-axis Claim s them: "Rosіysku movu vivchayut trudyaschі vsogo svitu. Marx Svoge hour vіddav nalezhne mogutnіy rosіyskіy movі, vivchayuchi її that vikoristovuyuchi in svoїh Prace rosіyskі pershodzherela ... In nashіy situatsії rosіyska mova Je movoyu mіzhnatsіonalnogo spіlkuvannya narodіv CPCP. Znannya rosіyskoї MTIE dozvolyaє peoples CPCP ovolodіvati nayvischimi cultural tsіnnostyami ".

R. Salіvant zauvazhuє scho rosіyani not tіlki vihvalyali his movu and second іdealіzuvali themselves for svoї revolyutsіynі uspіhi and takozh "ogortali currently mіstichnim cover marksistskoї zverhnostі over іnshimi nations Radyans'ka Union i vsogo svitu". Butt tsієї novoї propagandistskoї lіnії Je TAKE tverdzhennya "Rosіysky people - tse great nation. Vіn dopomagaє vsomu lyudstvu ruhatisya to Peremohy demokratії i sotsіalіzmu. Pid kerіvnitstvom Svoge robіtnichogo class nayperedovіshy rosіysky people Perche in іstorії zvіlnivsya od kapіtalіstichnogo gnіtu th ekspluatatsії. Rosіysky robіtnichy class dopomіg zvіlnitisya od natsіonalnogo, polіtichnogo i ekonomіchnogo gnіtu vsіy chislennіy sіm'ї narodіv scho naselyayut kolishnyu tsarsku Rosіyu ".

Visunuvshi takі pretenzії, radyanskі іdeologi could dovoditi scho new polіtika Stalіna are themselves not Povernennya to traditsіynogo rosіyskogo shovіnіzmu and Bula nadіynim Shlyakhov to Progreso, sotsіalіzmu that іnternatsіonalіzmu. For logіkoyu speeches іz їhnіh tverdzhen could viplivati ​​takozh, scho culture ukraїntsіv that іnshih nerosіyskih narodіv spriyala vіdstalostі that provіntsіalіzmu.

In rezultatі naprikіntsі 1930 rokіv of Ukrainian in schools was obov'yazkovim vivchennya rosіyskoї MTIE; Bulo zmіneno ukraїnsku Abetka, grammar vocabulary i have napryamі nablizhennya їh to rosіyskoї, i vzagalі empathy rosіyskoї MTIE on Ukraїnі uniquely rozshirilosya. Vzhe in 1935 p. Postishev zіznavsya scho "Members Komunіstichnoї partії Ukraine Pocha deukraїnіzuvatisya i navіt stopped rozmovlyati ukraїnskoyu movoyu". Analogіchnі zmіni rozgortalisya i in presі: Yakscho in 1931 p. ukraїnskoyu movoyu vihodilo 90% of the newspapers that 85% chasopisіv then until 1940 p. їhnіy vіdsotok vіdpovіdno falling to 70 minutes 45. Do lіteraturі was polіtichnim nagoloshuvati principle, scho Ukrainian OAO All vidatnі she sings pismenniki passed rozvivalisya pid beneficial vplivom Russie. On razyuchu vіdmіnu od kіntsya 1920 rokіv, if vlastі pіdtrimuvali ukraїnіzatsіyu in mіstah, 30-x Rokach stench of Namangan energіyno poshiriti vpliv rosіyskoї culture on selі.

Stalіnska "revolyutsіya zgori" sprichinilasya to prigolomshuyuchih for Change in the minds Zhittya ukraїntsіv that іnshih narodіv CPCP. Basic Economy warehouses became promislovіst. Mista Pocha Shvydko zrostati, scho through kіlka desyatilіt peretvorilo їh on golovnі oseredki population Kraina. Change log Dokorіnnih arrogant sіlske Gospodarstwa, odnієyu s basically there bula lіkvіdatsіya private zemlevolodіnnya. Tsі zmіni th Especially kolektivіzatsіya on Ukraїnі wire іz zastosuvannyam nechuvanogo Enforced th tsіnoyu velicheznih lyudskih victims. Hoch bi SSMSC benefits brought Ukraїnі Radyans'ka modernіzatsіya, bezperechnim Yea those scho good tsі koshtuvali nevipravdano expensive.

On dodatok to materіalnih Stalіn log The right side of the polіtichne i cultural Zhittya vpliv Ukraine, yaky vazhko osyagnuti. Naytyazhchі vtrati od stalіnskih kampanіy Teror arrogant іntelіgentsіya th selyanstvo - Dvi verstvi scho have become sotsіalnu ukrajins'koho natsіonalіzmu base. In rezultatі Rukh for samoutverdzhennya ukraїntsіv, scho, zdaval recruited Sealy 20-x Rokach, losing nezlіchennu Quantity pribіchnikіv. Tsey kick Especially vіdchuvavsya in seredovischі dvoh pokolіn ukraїnskoї іntelіgentsії - quiet, hto to actively dіyav revolyutsії, th quiet, hto viyshov perednіy plan to have 20 Ti Rocky. Same tsі pokolіnnya Mali vіdіgrati viznachalnu role in protsesі budіvnitstva natsії, d the Same stink boule vinischenі Stalіnim. Znekrovlyuyuchі naslіdki scary demografіchnih losses 30s rokіv dopomagayut zrozumіti the vіdnosnu kvolіst polіtichnoї Volia is the cultural zanepad scho їh viyavlyatimut in nastupnі Rocky radyanskі ukraїntsі. Nareshtі, Stalіn turning back rozvitok duzhe vazhlivoї that bagatoobіtsyayuchoї tendentsії on Ukraїnі. In the 20's Rokach modernіzatsіya great mіroyu pereplіtalasya s ukraїnіzatsієyu. Ale if in the 1930s Rokach Stalіn znischiv ukraїnsku elіtu th newer polіtiku rusifі- katsії, modernіzatsіya znovu scored rosіyskogo viglyadu. Vodnochase ukraїnskoyu culture manіpulyuvali so dwellers won znovu zoseredilasya on traditsіynomu for yourself ototozhnennі s i vіdstalim conservative village.