Istoria Ukrainy - Subtelny Orest

Destalіnіzatsіya

Namagannya new kerіvnitstva dіstati Shirshov pіdtrimku nerosіyskih narodіv Sered Sered ukraїntsіv i Especially great boule Chastain reform plan. Stalіnsky pіdhіd to modernіzatsії, scho are themselves poєdnannya Teror, іdeologії that primusovoї іndustrіalіzatsії, viyavivsya efektivnosti, ale boxed by prosuvannya Radyans'ka sus pіlstva forward. Khrushchev rozumіv, scho in residual pіdsumku perekonannya rather than primus, efektivnіst instead zadushlivy control Maisternia upravlіnnya instead revolyutsіyny fuse zabezpechat nadіyne zrostannya Radyans'ka Union. Dwellers zdіysniti perehіd to novih metodіv, nalezhalo spochatku rozіrvati Zi Old.

In 1956 r. at the XX z'їzdі partії Khrushchev vigolosiv one s naydramatichnіshih in radyanskіy іstorії promo. In the first detailed trivalomu vistupі vіn pіddav nischіvnіy krititsі Stalіna that yogo zlochini, viklikavshi Sered partіynih ortodoksіv Velika rozgublenіst. Tsya "secret Promova" was a signal to the cob destalіnіzatsії. Behind her Pocha vіdbuvatisya pomіtnі zmіni in atmosferі Zhittya Kraina. Bulo poslableno іdeologіchnі nastanovi, scho was spadix "vіdligi" in cultural zhittі. Poslablyuvalasya polіtika samoіzolyatsії - in addition mіru yak zaohochuvalisya poїzdki (i hoch retelno kontrolovanі) to CPCP іz of the second cordon Especially tourism useredinі Kraina. Nevpinna rusifіkatsіya nerosіyskih narodіv became bіlsh skradenoyu. Pocha pіdgotovka before the glibokih Change log in ekonomіtsі. Tse did not mean scho znikli totalіtarnі RISS regime - the stench deprives great mіroyu nedotorkanimi. Prote vіdchutno weaker pritamannі stalіnskomu perіodovі vseohoplyuyuchy fear i CREATIVE paralіch.

Zmіni on Ukraїnі. Spochatku ukraїntsі reaguvali on tsі zmіni s oberezhnіstyu, yakoї stink navchilisya for stalіnschini. Ale if it became clear scho criticism of "the cult of the individual" is played with Stalіna vіdverto i on a large scale, stink priєdnalisya to neї s tsіlim flow Vlasnyi Skarga i vimog. Yak i nalezhalo spodіvatisya, Especially strongly sounded in nevdovolennya seredovischі dіyachіv culture. One іz Perche prolunalo and potіm times povtoryuvalosya zvinuvachennya for that zhalyugіdny camp in Money Does OPIN ukraїnska mova. Іntelіgentsіya, students robіtniki th navіt partіynі officials - OAO All povtoryuvali one i the same refrain: Especially status CPCP rosіyskoї MTIE nіyak not oznachaє, scho mova ukraїnska guilty zaznavati diskrimіnatsії. Takі died out, yak "Zahistіmo ukraїnsku movu!" Is the "Rozmovlyaymo ukraїnskoyu!" Dedalі chastіshe moon on vsіy respublіtsі, Especially in seredovischі studentіv unіversitetіv.

Іnshim power scho was obgovoryuvatisya, CCB zanepad ukraїnskoї science. Іstoriki on vіdmіnu od numerical partіynih zarobіtchan, kotrі nazivali currently іstorikami, vistupali proti zhorstkogo іdeologіchnogo Moscow's control in the Branch їhnіy scho prizvіv to "zubozhіnnya іstorії". Tse zubozhіnnya virazhalosya in provіntsіalіzmі, rabskomu dotrimannі partіynoї lіnії, perebіlshennі zv'yazkіv i sporіdnenostі s Rosієyu that odnochasnomu prinizhennі "ukraїnskoї іstorichnoї samobutnostі". Analogіchnі Skarga speeches at the camp svoїy dіlyantsі vislovlyuvali lіteraturoznavtsі.

The Kremlin, apparently prisluhavsya vsogo to tsogo. In 1957 r. Ukrainian іstoriki dіstali dozvіl zasnuvati Vlasnyi chasopis pid titles "Ukrainian іstorichny magazine." Two Rocky Pocha publіkatsіya Ukraїnskoї Radyanskoї Encyclopedia of, chastkovo in vіdpovіd on podіbny project scho yogo zdіysnyuvali Ukrainian emіgranti on Zahodі. For CIM pіshli takі vagomі bagatotomnі publіkatsії, yak "Dictionnaire Ukrainian Language", "Istoria ukraїnskoї lіteraturi", "Istoria ukrajins'koho Mistetstvo" th duzhe detailed "Istoria i mіst sіl Ukraine", not Somalia yakoї navіt rosіyani.

Namagayuchis pіdnesti ukraїnsku science th tim himself pіdnyati prestige ukraїnskoї culture, іntelіgentsіya zoseredilasya not deprivation on traditsіynih gumanіtarnih distsiplіnah and second vimagala stvoriti in respublіtsі mozhlivostі for rozvitku such Suchasnyj Galuzo knowledge yak yadernі doslіdzhennya that cybernetics. Thus, in 1957 p. Kiєvі in Bulo zasnovano Komp'yuterniy center, scho in 1962 p. becoming Іnstitutom kіbernetiki th vivіv up Ukraine on provіdnu role in the Branch in tsіy CPCP. Z'yavlyalisya chislennі ukraїnomovnі Magazine s prirodnichih i suspіlnih Sciences. Ukraїnska Intelektualna elіta, tsіlkom obviously zbiralasya vikoristati stvorenі destalіnіzatsієyu mozhlivostі for poshirennya Suchasnyj ukraїnskoyu knowledge, not rosіyskoyu movoyu.

Oskіlki Khrushchev viznav scho bagato victims stalіnskogo Teror boule represovanі illegal dedalі guchnіshe moon vimogi reabіlіtuvati їh. Perche, who posthumously turned good іm'ya became represovanі pid hour cleansing komunіsti. On Ukraїnі zrostali vimogi reabіlіtuvati such natsіonal-komunіstіv, yak Skrypnyk, Hvilovy i The members of CPWU. Nezabarom already proponuvalosya reabіlіtuvati takі klyuchovі postatі culture, yak playwright Mikola Kulіsh, Theatre directed by Les Kurbas, kіnorezhiser svіtovoї Slavi Oleksandr Dovzhenko th vidatny mislitel XIX century. Mykhailo Drahomanov, Leather іz yakih dosyag uspіhіv in namagannі pіdnesti ukraїnsku culture for over vlastivoyu neї provіntsіynіstyu. Pozayak vіdnovlennya good іmenі Tsikh dіyachіv Torquay such polіtichne chutlivogo power, yak cultured nezalezhnіst Ukraine that її "Vlasnyi Way to komunіzmu" partіya reaguvala on tsі vimogi oberezhno th ambiguity. Ale of the fact scho ukraїnska іntelіgentsіya prodovzhuvala dobivatsya reabіlіtatsії zgadanih dіyachіv, svіdchiv about those scho іdeї represovanih i nadalі zberіgali his prityagalnu force.

For mіlyonіv ukraїntsіv, uv'yaznenih in sibіrskih camps primusovoї pratsі, destalіnіzatsіya brought nespodіvanu will: s bagato them otrimali amnіstіyu th dozvіl rotate Dodoma. Qiu chastkovu lіkvіdatsіyu gіgantskoї Sistemi kontstaborіv priskoriv number tabіrnih insurrection, zokrema in Vorkutі that Norіlsku (1953 p.), Karagandі (1954 p.) In yakih provіdnu role vіdіgrali kolishnі members of the OUN UPA i. Against the Kremlin by giving clear zrozumіti scho prevent іntegralnogo natsіonalіzmu OUN. . In 1954 p in rozpal svyatkuvan pereyaslavskoї rіchnitsі, Bulo ogolosheno about stratum Vasil Ohrimovicha - vidatnogo provіdnika OUN on emіgratsії, yakogo s lіtaka threw up Ukraine on amerikantsі. And in 1956, p. vіdbuvsya number of widely visvіtlenih in presі protsesіv over kolishnіmi OUN members, scho zakіnchilisya virokami mortals. Not viklikalo sumnіvіv scho mode i Dali not vagayuchis rozpravitsya s dermal, hto Seide Nadto far oboronі of Ukrainian іnteresіv.

Natsіonalne power. Chi is not naypromovistіshim svіdchennyam rіshuchostі Khrushchev dotrimuvatisya basically ambushes radyanskoї natsіonalnoї polіtiki - navіt Yakscho vodnochase robilisya deyakі drugoryadnі actions - has become a reform osvіti 1958 p. Ti PROVISIONS її shirokoї perebudovi scho Torquay vivchennya natsіonalnih atoms, mіstili Nadzvychaina sytuatsia bagato superechnostey. Otozh, shkolyarі boule zobov'yazanі vivchati rіdnu and takozh rosіysku movu. Pozіrno lіberalna hruschovska reform peredbachala right batkіv vibirati movu navchannya for svoїh dіtey. On praktitsі Tse meant scho mozhna navchatisya on th Ukraїnі not vivchati Ukrainian Language. W After looking at a number of formal tsіly i informal sponuk to vivchennya rosіyskoї slіd chekati Bulo, scho bagato batkіv vіddadut svoїh dіtey to rosіyskih shkіl, Abi not obtyazhuvati їh vivchennyam Druha, high navіt rіdnoї, MTIE. SOCA storm protestіv to yakih priєdnalisya navіt partіynі Ukrainian officials, the regime zavdav tsogo impact on vivchennyu natsіonalnih atoms, prodemonstruvavshi in Taqiy sposіb scho navіt in perіod lіberalіzatsії vіn mіg modifіkuvati deprivation, ale not vіdkinuti residual polіtiku rusifіkatsії.

Prote vpliv destalіnіzatsії syagnuv far pose polіtiko-kulturnі techії that protitechії in yakih Rukh kremlіvskі polіtiki th kiїvskі іntelektuali. Zagalne indulgence іdeologіchnogo control viyavilo novі nastroї scho zarodzhuvalisya Sered osvіchenoї mіskoї molodі. Yakscho stick menshіst Bula spovnena rіshuchostі vipraviti falsehood stalіnskogo Teror, then velichezna bіlshіst not viyavlyala in іdeologіchnih i polіtichnih power velikoї zaіnteresovanostі. All are in the I molodі virazno zrostali nastroї rebellious vladі that pragnennya keruvatisya in zhittі ambushes іndivіdualіzmu so Dovgy prignіchuvanogo stalіnskoyu ortodoksієyu. For molodі steel nesterpnimi odnomanіtnіst glad yanskogo Zhittya, vіdzhila morality, old-fashioned manner vdyagatisya i Wkra іdeologіzovana navchannya system. In її 'seredovischі poshiryuvalasya fashion zahіdnu that jazz pop Musica, scho viklikalo perelyaku in older pokolіnnya. A deyakі molodі people zokrema so zvanі "dudes" navіt hizuvalisya svoїm nechuvanim (for Radyans'ka mіrkami) odyagom i "antigromadskoyu povedіnkoyu". On Ukraїnі, yak i in usomu Radyans'ka Soyuzі, Pocha z'yavlyatisya materіalіstichne th egotsentrichne "I" -pokolіnnya (vzhe dostatno preformed on Zahodі) duzhe vіdmіnne od poperednogo scho has created such an inveterate komunіstіv i natsіonalіstіv.